Constructing Independently Verifiable Privacy-Compliant Type Systems for Message Passing between Black-Box Components

Privacy by design (PbD) is the principle that privacy should be considered at every stage of the software engineering process. It is increasingly both viewed as best practice and required by law. It is therefore desirable to have formal methods that provide guarantees that certain privacy-relevant properties hold. We propose an approach that can be used to design a privacy-compliant architecture without needing to know the source code or internal structure of any individual component. We model an architecture as a set of agents or components that pass messages to each other. We present in this paper algorithms that take as input an architecture and a set of privacy constraints, and output an extension of the original architecture that satisfies the privacy constraints

Gene Expression Differences between Enriched Normal and Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Quiescent Stem/Progenitor Cells and Correlations with Biological Abnormalities

In comparing gene expression of normal and CML CD34+ quiescent (G0) cell, 292 genes were downregulated and 192 genes upregulated in the CML/G0 Cells. The differentially expressed genes were grouped according to their reported functions, and correlations were sought with biological differences previously observed between the same groups. The most relevant findings include the following. (i) CML G0 cells are in a more advanced stage of development and more poised to proliferate than normal G0 cells. (ii) When CML G0 cells are stimulated to proliferate, they differentiate and mature more rapidly than normal counterpart. (iii) Whereas normal G0 cells form only granulocyte/monocyte colonies when stimulated by cytokines, CML G0 cells form a combination of the above and erythroid clusters and colonies. (iv) Prominin-1 is the gene most downregulated in CML G0 cells, and this appears to be associated with the spontaneous formation of erythroid colonies by CML progenitors without EPO

Symbolic Software for the Painleve Test of Nonlinear Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations

The automation of the traditional Painleve test in Mathematica is discussed. The package PainleveTest.m allows for the testing of polynomial systems of ordinary and partial differential equations which may be parameterized by arbitrary functions (or constants). Except where limited by memory, there is no restriction on the number of independent or dependent variables. The package is quite robust in determining all the possible dominant behaviors of the Laurent series solutions of the differential equation. The omission of valid dominant behaviors is a common problem in many implementations of the Painleve test, and these omissions often lead to erroneous results. Finally, our package is compared with the other available implementations of the Painleve test.Comment: Published in the Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics (http://www.sm.luth.se/math/JNMP/), vol. 13(1), pp. 90-110 (Feb. 2006). The software can be downloaded at either http://www.douglasbaldwin.com or http://www.mines.edu/fs_home/wherema

Holographic dark energy in a universe with spatial curvature and massive neutrinos: a full Markov Chain Monte Carlo exploration

In this paper, we report the results of constraining the holographic dark energy model with spatial curvature and massive neutrinos, based on a Markov Chain Monte Carlo global fit technique. The cosmic observational data include the full WMAP 7-yr temperature and polarization data, the type Ia supernova data from Union2.1 sample, the baryon acoustic oscillation data from SDSS DR7 and WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey, and the latest measurements of $H_0$ from HST. To deal with the perturbations of dark energy, we adopt the parameterized post-Friedmann method. We find that, for the simplest holographic dark energy model without spatial curvature and massive neutrinos, the phenomenological parameter $c<1$ at more than $4\sigma$ confidence level. The inclusion of spatial curvature enlarges the error bars and leads to $c<1$ only in about $2.5\sigma$ range; in contrast, the inclusion of massive neutrinos does not have significant influence on $c$. We also find that, for the holographic dark energy model with spatial curvature but without massive neutrinos, the $3\sigma$ error bars of the current fractional curvature density $\Omega_{k0}$ are still in order of $10^{-2}$; for the model with massive neutrinos but without spatial curvature, the $2\sigma$ upper bound of the total mass of neutrinos is $\sum m_{\nu} < 0.48$ eV. Moreover, there exists clear degeneracy between spatial curvature and massive neutrinos in the holographic dark energy model, which enlarges the upper bound of $\sum m_{\nu}$ by more than 2 times. In addition, we demonstrate that, making use of the full WMAP data can give better constraints on the holographic dark energy model, compared with the case using the WMAP ``distance priors''.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures; major revision; new figures and discussions added; accepted by JCA

Exact travelling wave solutions of a beam equation

In this paper we make a full analysis of the symmetry reductions of a beam equation by using the classical Lie method of infinitesimals and the nonclassical method. We consider travelling wave reductions depending on the form of an arbitrary function. We have found several new classes of solutions that have not been considered before: solutions expressed in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions, Wadati solitons and compactons. Several classes of coherent structures are displayed by some of the solutions: kinks, solitons, two humps compactons.17 página

Hidden Conformal Symmetry of Extremal Kerr-Bolt Spacetimes

We show that extremal Kerr-Bolt spacetimes have a hidden conformal symmetry. In this regard, we consider the wave equation of a massless scalar field propagating in extremal Kerr-Bolt spacetimes and find in the "near region", the wave equation in extremal limit can be written in terms of the $SL(2,R)$ quadratic Casimir. Moreover, we obtain the microscopic entropy of the extremal Kerr-Bolt spacetimes also we calculate the correlation function of a near-region scalar field and find perfect agreement with the dual 2D CFT.Comment: 13 page

The Hubble constant and dark energy from cosmological distance measures

We study how the determination of the Hubble constant from cosmological distance measures is affected by models of dark energy and vice versa. For this purpose, constraints on the Hubble constant and dark energy are investigated using the cosmological observations of cosmic microwave background, baryon acoustic oscillations and type Ia suprenovae. When one investigates dark energy, the Hubble constant is often a nuisance parameter, thus it is usually marginalized over. On the other hand, when one focuses on the Hubble constant, simple dark energy models such as a cosmological constant and a constant equation of state are usually assumed. Since we do not know the nature of dark energy yet, it is interesting to investigate the Hubble constant assuming some types of dark energy and see to what extent the constraint on the Hubble constant is affected by the assumption concerning dark energy. We show that the constraint on the Hubble constant is not affected much by the assumption for dark energy. We furthermore show that this holds true even if we remove the assumption that the universe is flat. We also discuss how the prior on the Hubble constant affects the constraints on dark energy and/or the curvature of the universe.Comment: 45 pages, 15 figure

Dynamical Dark Energy or Simply Cosmic Curvature?

We show that the assumption of a flat universe induces critically large errors in reconstructing the dark energy equation of state at z>~0.9 even if the true cosmic curvature is very small, O(1%) or less. The spuriously reconstructed w(z) shows a range of unusual behaviour, including crossing of the phantom divide and mimicking of standard tracking quintessence models. For 1% curvature and LCDM, the error in w grows rapidly above z~0.9 reaching (50%,100%) by redshifts of (2.5,2.9) respectively, due to the long cosmological lever arm. Interestingly, the w(z) reconstructed from distance data and Hubble rate measurements have opposite trends due to the asymmetric influence of the curved geodesics. These results show that including curvature as a free parameter is imperative in any future analyses attempting to pin down the dynamics of dark energy, especially at moderate or high redshifts.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. To appear in JCA

A study of patent thickets

Report analysing whether entry of UK enterprises into patenting in a technology area is affected by patent thickets in the technology area

Room-temperature antiferromagnetic memory resistor

The bistability of ordered spin states in ferromagnets (FMs) provides the magnetic memory functionality. Traditionally, the macroscopic moment of ordered spins in FMs is utilized to write information on magnetic media by a weak external magnetic field, and the FM stray field is used for reading. However, the latest generation of magnetic random access memories demonstrates a new efficient approach in which magnetic fields are replaced by electrical means for reading and writing. This concept may eventually leave the sensitivity of FMs to magnetic fields as a mere weakness for retention and the FM stray fields as a mere obstacle for high-density memory integration. In this paper we report a room-temperature bistable antiferromagnetic (AFM) memory which produces negligible stray fields and is inert in strong magnetic fields. We use a resistor made of an FeRh AFM whose transition to a FM order 100 degrees above room-temperature, allows us to magnetically set different collective directions of Fe moments. Upon cooling to room-temperature, the AFM order sets in with the direction the AFM moments pre-determined by the field and moment direction in the high temperature FM state. For electrical reading, we use an antiferromagnetic analogue of the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR). We report microscopic theory modeling which confirms that this archetypical spintronic effect discovered more than 150 years ago in FMs, can be equally present in AFMs. Our work demonstrates the feasibility to realize room-temperature spintronic memories with AFMs which greatly expands the magnetic materials base for these devices and offers properties which are unparalleled in FMs