The generic HASKELL user's guide : version 0.99 - Amber release

Software development often consists of designing datatypes around which functionality is added. Some functionality is datatype specific, whereas other functionality is defined on almost all datatypes in such a way that it depends only on the structure of the datatype. A function that works on many datatypes in this way is called a generic (or polytypic) function. Examples of generic functionality include storing a value in a database, editing a value, comparing two values for equality, and pretty-printing a value. Since datatypes often change and new datatypes are introduced, we have developed Generic HASKELL which supports generic definitions to save the programmer from (re)writing instances of generic functions. Generic HASKELL extends the functional programming language Haskell [5] with, among other things, a construct for defining type-indexed values with kind-indexed types, based on recent work by Hinze [2]. These values can be specialised to all Haskell datatypes, facilitating wider application of generic programming than provided by earlier systems such as PolyP [4]

Saturn’s northern auroras as observed using the Hubble Space Telescope

We discuss the features of Saturn’s northern FUV auroras as observed during a program of Hubble Space Telescope observations which executed over 2011-2013 and culminated, along with Cassini observations, in a comprehensive multi-spectral observing campaign. Our 2011-2013 observations of the northern aurora are also compared with those from our 2007-2008 observation of the southern aurora. We show that the variety of morphologies of the northern auroras is broadly consistent with the southern, and determine the statistical equatorward and poleward boundary locations. We find that our boundaries are overall consistent with previous observations, although a modest poleward displacement of the poleward boundaries is due to the increased prevalence of poleward auroral patches in the noon and afternoon sectors during this program, likely due to the solar wind interaction. We also show that the northern auroral oval oscillates with the northern planetary period oscillation (PPO) phase in an elongated ellipse with semi-major axis ∼1.6°1.6° oriented along the post-dawn/post-dusk direction. We further show that the northern auroras exhibit dawn-side brightenings at zero northern magnetic PPO phase, although there is mixed evidence of auroral emissions fixed in the rotating frame of the northern PPO current system, such that overall the dependence of the auroras on northern magnetic phase is somewhat weak

Study of the hydrogen escape rate at Mars during Martian years 28 and 29 from comparisons between SPICAM/Mars Express observations and GCM-LMD simulations

EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2019, held 15-20 September 2019 in Geneva, Switzerland, id. EPSC-DPS2019-499-2.- © Author(s) 2019. CC Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.esWe simulate the 3D Martian hydrogen corona during the Martian years 28 and 29 at different solar longitudes using a set of models of atomic hydrogen density from the surface to the exosphere. These simulations are compared to Mars Express / SPICAM observations and show a strong underestimate of the brightness by our models near southern summer that could be due to an underestimate of the amount of water vapor delivered to the upper atmosphere at this season

Thermodynamics of highly interacting blend PCHMA/dPS by TOF-SANS

We investigate the thermodynamics of a highly interacting blend of poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate)/deuterated poly(styrene) (PCHMA/dPS) with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). This system is experimentally challenging due to the proximity of the blend phase boundary (>200 °C) and degradation temperatures. To achieve the large wavenumber q-range and flux required for kinetic experiments, we employ a SANS diffractometer in time-of-flight (TOF) mode at a reactor source and ancillary microscopy, calorimetry, and thermal gravimetric analysis. Isothermal SANS data are well described by random-phase approximation (RPA), yielding the second derivative of the free energy of mixing (G″), the effective interaction (χ̅) parameter, and extrapolated spinodal temperatures. Instead of the Cahn–Hilliard–Cook (CHC) framework, temperature (T)-jump experiments within the one-phase region are found to be well described by the RPA at all temperatures away from the glass transition temperature, providing effectively near-equilibrium results. We employ CHC theory to estimate the blend mobility and G″(T) conditions where such an approximation holds. TOF-SANS is then used to precisely resolve G″(T) and χ̅(T) during T-jumps in intervals of a few seconds and overall timescales of a few minutes. PCHMA/dPS emerges as a highly interacting partially miscible blend, with a steep dependence of G″(T) [mol/cm3] = −0.00228 + 1.1821/T [K], which we benchmark against previously reported highly interacting lower critical solution temperature (LCST) polymer blends

A probabilistic model for gene content evolution with duplication, loss, and horizontal transfer

We introduce a Markov model for the evolution of a gene family along a phylogeny. The model includes parameters for the rates of horizontal gene transfer, gene duplication, and gene loss, in addition to branch lengths in the phylogeny. The likelihood for the changes in the size of a gene family across different organisms can be calculated in O(N+hM^2) time and O(N+M^2) space, where N is the number of organisms, $h$ is the height of the phylogeny, and M is the sum of family sizes. We apply the model to the evolution of gene content in Preoteobacteria using the gene families in the COG (Clusters of Orthologous Groups) database

Mucolipidosis II presenting as severe neonatal hyperparathyroidism.

UNLABELLED: Mucolipidosis II (ML II or I-cell disease ) (OMIM 252500) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal enzyme targeting disorder that usually presents between 6 and 12 months of age with a clinical phenotype resembling Hurler syndrome and a radiological picture of dysostosis multiplex. When ML II is severe enough to be detected in the newborn period, the radiological changes have been described as similar to hyperparathyroidism or rickets. The biological basis of these findings has not been explored and few biochemical measurements have been recorded. We describe three unrelated infants with ML II who had radiological features of intrauterine hyperparathyroidism and biochemical findings consistent with severe secondary neonatal hyperparathyroidism (marked elevation of serum parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase levels). The vitamin D metabolites were not substantially different from normal and repeatedly normal calcium concentrations excluded vitamin D deficiency rickets and neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism secondary to calcium-sensing receptor gene mutations (OMIM 239200). The pathogenesis of severe hyperparathyroidism in the fetus and newborn with ML II is unexplained. We hypothesize that the enzyme targeting defect of ML II interferes with transplacental calcium transport leading to a calcium starved fetus and activation of the parathyroid response to maintain extracellular calcium concentrations within the normal range. CONCLUSION: Newborns with mucolipidosis II can present with radiological and biochemical signs of hyperparathyroidism. Awareness of this phenomenon may help in avoiding diagnostic pitfalls and establishing a proper diagnosis and therapy

Modeling magnetospheric fields in the Jupiter system

The various processes which generate magnetic fields within the Jupiter system are exemplary for a large class of similar processes occurring at other planets in the solar system, but also around extrasolar planets. Jupiter's large internal dynamo magnetic field generates a gigantic magnetosphere, which is strongly rotational driven and possesses large plasma sources located deeply within the magnetosphere. The combination of the latter two effects is the primary reason for Jupiter's main auroral ovals. Jupiter's moon Ganymede is the only known moon with an intrinsic dynamo magnetic field, which generates a mini-magnetosphere located within Jupiter's larger magnetosphere including two auroral ovals. Ganymede's magnetosphere is qualitatively different compared to the one from Jupiter. It possesses no bow shock but develops Alfv\'en wings similar to most of the extrasolar planets which orbit their host stars within 0.1 AU. New numerical models of Jupiter's and Ganymede's magnetospheres presented here provide quantitative insight into the processes that maintain these magnetospheres. Jupiter's magnetospheric field is approximately time-periodic at the locations of Jupiter's moons and induces secondary magnetic fields in electrically conductive layers such as subsurface oceans. In the case of Ganymede, these secondary magnetic fields influence the oscillation of the location of its auroral ovals. Based on dedicated Hubble Space Telescope observations, an analysis of the amplitudes of the auroral oscillations provides evidence that Ganymede harbors a subsurface ocean. Callisto in contrast does not possess a mini-magnetosphere, but still shows a perturbed magnetic field environment. Callisto's ionosphere and atmospheric UV emission is different compared to the other Galilean satellites as it is primarily been generated by solar photons compared to magnetospheric electrons.Comment: Chapter for Book: Planetary Magnetis

Obesity is associated with worse quality of life in women with gynecologic malignancies: An opportunity to improve patient-centered outcomes

BACKGROUND: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of obesity on pretreatment quality of life (QoL) in gynecologic oncology patients. METHODS: The authors analyzed collected data from an institution-wide cohort study of women with gynecologic cancers enrolled from August 2012 to June 2013. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General, site-specific symptom scales, and the National Institutes of Health Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) global mental and physical health tools were administered. Survey results were linked to clinical data abstracted from medical records (demographics and comorbid conditions). Bivariate tests and multivariate linear regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with QoL scores. RESULTS: A total of 182 women with ovarian, uterine, cervical, and vulvar/vaginal cancers were identified; of these, 152 (84%) were assessed before surgery. Mean body mass index was 33.5 kg/m2 and race included white (120 patients [79%]), black (22 patients [15%]), and other (10 patients [6.5%]). A total of 98 patients (64.5%) were obese (body mass index ≥30). On multivariate analysis, subscales for functional (17 vs 19; P=.04), emotional (16 vs 19; P=.008), and social (22 vs 24; P=.02) well-being as well as overall Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General scores (77 vs 86; P5.002) and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System global physical health scores (45 vs 49; P=.003) were found to be significantly lower in obese versus nonobese patients. CONCLUSIONS: Before cancer treatment, obese patients with gynecologic malignancies appear to have worse baseline QoL than their normal-weight counterparts. Emerging models of QoL-based cancer outcome measures may disproportionately affect populations with a high obesity burden. The potential disparate impact of cancer therapy on longitudinal QoL in the obese versus nonobese patients needs to be evaluated