Perfil epidemiologico e histopatologico do melanoma cutaneo em um centro do nordeste brasileiro de 2000 a 2010

BACKGROUND:While representing only 3-4% of malignant skin tumors, cutaneous melanoma is the most aggressive and lethal. Statistical knowledge about the biological behavior of this tumor is essential for guiding daily outpatient practice and aiding public health policies.OBJECTIVES:To analyze the profile of patients with cutaneous melanoma attending a pathology department in Teresina (state of Piauí) between 2000 and 2010.METHODS:Retrospective study of melanoma patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2010 in the São Marcos Hospital in the city of Teresina. The pathology laboratory reports were studied and all the statistical analyses performed using SPSS 19.0.RESULTS:A total of 25 in situ, 199 invasive and 89 metastatic melanomas of unknown primary site were observed. Histological types found were nodular (52.8%), superficial spreading melanoma (18.6%), acral (10.6%) and lentigo maligna (9.5%). In 144 (73.4%) cases the Breslow thickness was >1 mm. Metastasis was found in 28.6% of invasive melanomas and nodular melanoma, Clark IV/ V, Breslow > 1 mm, mitotic index > 6 and ulcerated lesions were more likely to metastasize.CONCLUSION:Most melanomas presented Breslow> 1mm. The main factors associated with metastasis were nodular type, Clark IV / V, Breslow> 1mm, mitotic index > 6 and ulcerated lesions.FUNDAMENTOS:Apesar de representar apenas 3-4% dos tumores malignos de pele, o melanoma cutâneo é o mais agressivo e letal deles. O conhecimento estatístico do comportamento biológico deste tumor em nosso meio ambiente é fundamental para orientar a prática ambulatorial diária e para auxiliar políticas de saúde pública.OBJETIVOS:Analisar o perfil de pacientes com melanoma cutâneo diagnosticados em serviço de referência em patologia em Teresina-Piauí no período de 2000 a 2010.MÉTODOS:Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com melanoma diagnosticados entre 2000 e 2010 no Hospital São Marcos, Teresina-Piauí-Brasil. Estudou-se laudos histopatológicos e realizou-se análises estatísticas com o programa SPSS 19,0.RESULTADOS:Um total de 25 melanomas in situ, 199 invasivos e 89 metastáticos de sítio primário desconhecido foram observados. Tipos histológicos encontrados foram nodular (52,8%), melanoma extensivo superficial (18,6%), acral (10,6%) e lentigo maligno (9,5%). Em 144 (73,4%) casos o índice de Breslow foi >1 mm. Verificou-se metástases em 28,6% dos melanomas invasivos e melanoma nodular, Clark IV/V, Breslow >1 mm, índice mitótico ≥6 e lesões ulceradas estavam mais propensos a metástases.CONCLUSÃO:Melanomas com Breslow >1mm foram os casos predominantes. Principais fatores associados a metástase foram tipo nodular, Clark IV/V, Breslow >1mm, índice mitótico ≥6 e lesões ulceradas.Piaui Federal UniversityFederal University of São PauloUSP Ribeirao Preto Medical FacultySao Marcos HospitalFederal University of PiauiUNIFESPSciEL

Evolutionary relationships in Panicoid grasses based on plastome phylogenomics (Panicoideae; Poaceae)

Background: Panicoideae are the second largest subfamily in Poaceae (grass family), with 212 genera and approximately 3316 species. Previous studies have begun to reveal relationships within the subfamily, but largely lack resolution and/or robust support for certain tribal and subtribal groups. This study aims to resolve these relationships, as well as characterize a putative mitochondrial insert in one linage. Results: 35 newly sequenced Panicoideae plastomes were combined in a phylogenomic study with 37 other species: 15 Panicoideae and 22 from outgroups. A robust Panicoideae topology largely congruent with previous studies was obtained, but with some incongruences with previously reported subtribal relationships. A mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to plastid DNA (ptDNA) transfer was discovered in the Paspalum lineage. Conclusions: The phylogenomic analysis returned a topology that largely supports previous studies. Five previously recognized subtribes appear on the topology to be non-monophyletic. Additionally, evidence for mtDNA to ptDNA transfer was identified in both Paspalum fimbriatum and P. dilatatum, and suggests a single rare event that took place in a common progenitor. Finally, the framework from this study can guide larger whole plastome sampling to discern the relationships in Cyperochloeae, Steyermarkochloeae, Gynerieae, and other incertae sedis taxa that are weakly supported or unresolved.Fil: Burke, Sean V.. Northern Illinois University; Estados UnidosFil: Wysocki, William P.. Northern Illinois University; Estados UnidosFil: Zuloaga, Fernando Omar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; ArgentinaFil: Craine, Joseph M.. Jonah Ventures; Estados UnidosFil: Pires, J. Chris. University of Missouri; Estados UnidosFil: Edger, Patrick P.. Michigan State University; Estados UnidosFil: Mayfield Jones, Dustin. Donald Danforth Plant Science Center; Estados UnidosFil: Clark, Lynn G.. Iowa State University; Estados UnidosFil: Kelchner, Scot A.. University of Idaho; Estados UnidosFil: Duvall, Melvin R.. Northern Illinois University; Estados Unido

Book Reviews

Beautiful Theories: The Spectacle of Discourse in Contemporary Criticism (Elizabeth Bruss) (Reviewed by Susan Rubin Suleiman, Harvard University)Reception Theory: A Critical Introduction (Robert C. Holub) (Reviewed by Michael Eckert, University of Florida)Chaucer and the Imagery of Narrative: The First Five Canterbury Tales (V. A. Kolve) (Reviewed by Elizabeth S. Sklar, Wayne State University)The Character of Swift\u27s Satire: A Revised Focus (Claude Rawson) (Reviewed by Michael Seidel, Columbia University)Swift\u27s Narrative Satires: Author and Authority (Everett Zimmerman) (Reviewed by Michael Seidel, Columbia University)William Godwin (Peter H. Marshall) (Reviewed by John P. Clark, Loyola University - New Orleans)Introspection and Contemporary Poetry (Alan Williamson) (Reviewed by Charles Molesworth, Queens College and Graduate Center, CUNY)Robert Bly: An Introduction to the Poetry (Howard Nelson) (Reviewed by Charles Molesworth, Queens College and Graduate Center, CUNY)Victorian and Modern Poetics (Carol T. Christ) (Reviewed by Hugh Witemeyer, The University of New Mexico

Spoken Interlanguage Errors In Microteaching Class Made By Students Of English Department Of Muhammadiyah University Of Surakarta

SUMMARY Devi Ernasari. A320110040. SPOKEN INTERLANGUAGE ERRORS IN MICROTEACHING CLASS MADE BY STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. Research Paper 2015. This research paper is aimed to classify the type of errors, analyze the frequency and dominant, and explain the sources of error. The type of this research is qualitative research. The research collects micro teaching video from her friends. The research makes the transcript of the video as the source of the data. The research uses documentation method to select the data. There are 356 data containing of errors. The research uses Clark and Clark theory and Dulay, Burt, and Krashen theory to analyze the errors. The research divided the errors found into three classifications. They are speech error, morphological error and syntactical error. In speech errors are filled pause (32,02%), repeats (23,88%), silent pause (17,13%), correction (6,18%), stutters (1,97%), interjection (1,69%), retraced (1,40%), and slip of tongue (1,12%). Morphological error are vocabulary error (5,90%), pronunciation error (2,25%), ommision of bound morpheme {-s} as singular marker (1,69%), ommision of bound morpheme {-s} as plural marker (1,12%), and error in word selection (1,12%). Syntactical error is the use of V-ing after modals Auxiliary (1,41%) and ommision of definite preposition (1,12%). The sources of error are cognitive, psychological and social reason. Keyword: Interlanguage, Error Analysis, Microteachin

Errors In Speaking English Made By Students Ofenglish Department Of Muhammadiyah University Of Surakarta

The researcher writes this research to describe the type of errors in speaking English of English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, describe the frequency and the dominant, and explain the sources of error. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The researcher collects micro teaching video from her friends. The researcher makes the transcript of the video as the source of the data. The researcher uses documentation method to select the data. There are 212 data containing of errors. The researcher uses Clark and Clark theory and Dulay, Burt, and Krashen theory to analyze the errors. The researcher divides the errors into three classifications. They are speech error, lexical error, and grammatical error. In speech errors are repetition (27,4%), unretraced (4,3%), retraced (6,6%), filled pause (20,3%), silent pause (9,9%), stutters (1,9%), correction (0,9%), and slip of the tongue (0,5% ). Lexical error is wrong choice of word (0,9%). Grammatical errors are omission of auxiliary in question (6,1%), omission of “to be” (2,4%), addition of “to be”/ verb (7,6%), omission of “do” in negative sentence (0,5%), addition of “do” in question (1,9%), addition of preposition (2,8%), misordering (0,9%), the use of V-O instead of V-ing (0,5%), addition of “to” after auxilary (1,4%), and wrong choice of verb (3,3%). The sources of speech error are cognitive and psychological reason. The sources of lexical and grammatical error are interlingual and intralingual transfer

An Analysis Of Error Made By The Third Semester Udents On Debate In Speaking Class At Muhammadiyah University Of Surakarta

This research describes the types of error in speaking class on debate at Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, explain the causes of error, calculate the frequencies and dominants of error, and show the sources of error. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative.The data are from utterances containing speech errors by the third semester students at Muha mmadiyah University of Surakarta. The researcher uses observation t o collect the data. There are 56 data containing of errors. In this research, the researcher uses Clark and Clark (1977) , Taylor (1990) and Kess (1999) theory to analyze the errors. The researcher finds the errors and divides into three classification. There are speech error,lexical error and grammatical error. In speech errors divide into nine type are filled pause (14,29%), repeat (19,64 %), correction (3,57%), interjection (1,79%), stutter (1,79 %),and slip of tongue (10,71 %). Lexical error is wrong choice of word (8,93 %). Grammatical errors divide into ten type are omis sion auxiliary in question (5,36%), omission of to be (14,29 % ), addition of to be/ v erb (5,36 %), omission of “do” in negative sentence (5,36 %), addition of preposition (1,79 %), and wrong choice of verb (5,36 %). From the frequency of error, it can be seen th at the dominant of error is repeat (19,64 %). The causes of error are L1 interferenc e and developmental error. The sources of error are cognitive reason, psychological or affective reason and social reason. Keywords : Speech Errors, Causes of Error, Frequency and Dominant of Error, Sources of Erro

Foreword: The ‘Right to Marry’ in the Decisions of the United States Supreme Court

Given the importance of Loving in American constitutional law, we were somewhat surprised to learn that no commemorative conferences or symposia had been planned to mark the thirtieth anniversary of the decision. We designed our conference, Law and the Politics of Marriage: Loving v. Virginia After 30 Years, to fill that gap. The conference was held at The Catholic University of America\u27s Columbus School of Law, 19-21 November 1997, and was co-sponsored by three institutions, each having a unique and abiding interest in the subject matter: The Catholic University of America, the Howard University School of Law, and the J. Reuben Clark School of Law at Brigham Young University. The goal of the conference, and of the papers it encouraged, was to explore the implications of the Loving decision for Mr. and Mrs. Loving, for the United States in the late 1960s, and for American family and constitutional law today and in the future. This issue of the Catholic University Law Review contains some of the papers presented at that conference. Others are printed in Volume 12 of the Brigham Young University Journal of Public Law, and Volume 41 of the Howard University Law Journal. Read together, they shed considerable light on the history, significance, and contemporary understanding of the Court\u27s decision in Loving

Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Arkansas: First Amendment Rights, Reading Practices, and Moral Injury

37 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Comparative Literature and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Fall 2013.This work is an attempt to use the concepts of moral injury and reading practices to complicate the common debate between freedom of speech and freedom of religion as it is framed in the Counts v. Cedarville School District court case. In understanding these often overlooked issues, the central motives behind restricting access to the Harry Potter series are revealed as well as the lack of appropriate language with which to discuss these problems in a legal manner. Thus, an awareness and comprehension of moral injury and various types of reading practices are required if religious dilemmas are to ever be accurately discussed in the court

Foreword: The ‘Right to Marry’ in the Decisions of the United States Supreme Court

Given the importance of Loving in American constitutional law, we were somewhat surprised to learn that no commemorative conferences or symposia had been planned to mark the thirtieth anniversary of the decision. We designed our conference, Law and the Politics of Marriage: Loving v. Virginia After 30 Years, to fill that gap. The conference was held at The Catholic University of America\u27s Columbus School of Law, 19-21 November 1997, and was co-sponsored by three institutions, each having a unique and abiding interest in the subject matter: The Catholic University of America, the Howard University School of Law, and the J. Reuben Clark School of Law at Brigham Young University. The goal of the conference, and of the papers it encouraged, was to explore the implications of the Loving decision for Mr. and Mrs. Loving, for the United States in the late 1960s, and for American family and constitutional law today and in the future. This issue of the Catholic University Law Review contains some of the papers presented at that conference. Others are printed in Volume 12 of the Brigham Young University Journal of Public Law, and Volume 41 of the Howard University Law Journal. Read together, they shed considerable light on the history, significance, and contemporary understanding of the Court\u27s decision in Loving