Examining Justice in Social Studies Research

Our article is an extension of a project involving a content analysis of two social studies journals, Theory andResearch in Social Education (TRSE) and The Social Studies. We performed an analysis on all articles in thesejournals from 2006-2016. Our findings from the analysis indicated a narrow frame of perspectives related toepistemologies and methodologies, and an increasing interest in examining a range of researcher andparticipant positionalities. We interpreted the range of perspectives in social studies journals in light of thepossible impact upon democratic education and social justice through Sen’s (2009) framework for theorizingjustice. We illustrate aspects of this framework by presenting positionality and autoethnography as methodsfor increasing epistemologies and perspectives in social studies education and research

Profitability and risk evaluation of novel perennial pasture systems for livestock producers in the high rainfall zone: Context, Approach and Preliminary Results

The decision to invest in pasture improvement raises various questions for the livestock grazier, with the most pertinent being about the potential returns and risks. In the high rainfall zone of south-west Victoria, researchers have trialled novel perennial pasture systems with the aim of substantially increasing on-farm profits whilst simultaneously improving environmental outcomes. Results from the Hamilton EverGraze® proof site have shown potential to greatly improve livestock production. Promotion of the pasture technology is the next step. Key to this process is developing information about profitability and risk regarding the decision to invest in the new pasture. To help meet this need a model of a representative mixed livestock farm system for the region has been developed to generate information about profit, cash wealth and risk to aid extension and help inform decisions. The farm is comprised of a wool and meat producing sheep system and a beef enterprise. Using the model, the performance of two of the novel pasture systems can be evaluated against current practice, and compared to determine which of the two is the most beneficial EverGraze® option for the future. The risk associated with the pasture decision is assessed by considering different price structures and seasonal outcomes, and evaluating these effects on net benefits. Discounted cash flows, net present values and internal rates of return are estimated for the alternative systems, which include the effects of this price and seasonal variability. Preliminary results have been calculated, however further work is needed to confirm these. The method and results of the analysis provide information that is valuable for farm decisions about investing in a new pasture system and provide a basis for future economic analyses at the case study site and elsewhere.Farm Management,

Li(V0.5Ti0.5)S2 as a 1V lithium intercalation electrode

P.G.B. is indebted to the EPSRC including the SUPERGEN program for financial support.Graphite, the dominant anode in rechargeable lithium batteries, operates at ~0.1V versus Li+/Li and can result in lithium plating on the graphite surface, raising safety concerns. Titanates, for example, Li4Ti5O12, intercalate lithium at ~1.6 V versus Li+/Li, avoiding problematic lithium plating at the expense of reduced cell voltage. There is interest in 1V anodes, as this voltage is sufficiently high to avoid lithium plating while not significantly reducing cell potential. The sulfides, LiVS2 and LiTiS2, have been investigated as possible 1V intercalation electrodes but suffer from capacity fading, large 1st cycle irreversible capacity or polarization. Here we report that the 50/50 solid solution, Li1+x(V0.5Ti0.5)S2, delivers a reversible capacity to store charge of 220 mAhg-1 (at 0.9 V), 99% of theoretical, at a rate of C/2, retaining 205 mAhg-1 at C-rate (92% of theoretical). Rate capability is excellent with 200 mAhg-1 at 3C. C-rate is discharge in 1 h. Polarization is low, 100mV at C/2. To the best of our knowledge, the properties/performances of Li(V0.5Ti0.5)S2 exceed all previous 1V electrodes.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Orientation imaging of macro-sized polysilicon grains on wafers using spatially resolved acoustic spectroscopy

Due to its economical production process polysilicon, or multicrystalline silicon, is widely used to produce solar cell wafers. However, the conversion efficiencies are often lower than equivalent monocrystalline or thin film cells, with the structure and orientation of the silicon grains strongly linked to the efficiency. We present a non-destructive laser ultrasonic inspection technique, capable of characterising large (52 x 76 mm2) photocell's microstructure – measurement times, sample surface preparation and system upgrades for silicon scanning are discussed. This system, known as spatially resolved acoustic spectroscopy (SRAS) could be used to optimise the polysilicon wafer production process and potentially improve efficiency

Onboard Data Processor for Change-Detection Radar Imaging

A computer system denoted a change-detection onboard processor (CDOP) is being developed as a means of processing the digitized output of a synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) apparatus aboard an aircraft or spacecraft to generate images showing changes that have occurred in the terrain below between repeat passes of the aircraft or spacecraft over the terrain. When fully developed, the CDOP is intended to be capable of generating SAR images and/or SAR differential interferograms in nearly real time. The CDOP is expected to be especially useful for understanding some large-scale natural phenomena and/or mitigating natural hazards: For example, it could be used for near-real-time observation of surface changes caused by floods, landslides, forest fires, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, glaciers, and sea ice movements. It could also be used to observe such longer-term surface changes as those associated with growth of vegetation (relevant to estimation of wildfire fuel loads). The CDOP is, essentially, an interferometric SAR processor designed to operate aboard a radar platform

Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on Natural Ascorbic Acid Analogues and Choline Chloride

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are one of the most promising green technologies to emerge in recent years given their combination of environmentally friendly credentials and useful functionalities. Considering the continued search for new DES -- especially those that exemplify the aforementioned characteristics, we report the preparation of DES based on natural analogues of L-ascorbic acid for the first time. The onset of eutectic melting occurred at temperatures far below the melting point of the individual components and resulted in the generation of glass forming fluids with glass transition temperatures, viscosities and flow behavior that are comparable to similar systems. This work expands the current array of DES that can be produced using naturally occurring components, which given their potential to be bio-derived, interesting physicochemical properties (e.g. propensity to supercool and vitrify) and apparent antibacterial nature, may provide utility within a range of applications

Determining the crystallographic orientation of hexagonal crystal structure materials with surface acoustic wave velocity measurements

© 2020 Throughout our engineered environment, many materials exhibit a crystalline lattice structure. The orientation of such lattices is crucial in determining functional properties of these structures, including elasticity and magnetism. Hence, tools for determining orientation are highly sought after. Surface acoustic wave velocities in multiple directions can not only highlight the microstructure contrast, but also determine the crystallographic orientation by comparison to a pre-calculated velocity model. This approach has been widely used for the recovery of orientation in cubic materials, with accurate results. However, there is a demand to probe the microstructure in anisotropic crystals - such as hexagonal close packed titanium. Uniquely, hexagonal structure materials exhibit transverse isotropic linear elasticity. In this work, both experimental and simulation results are used to study the discrete effects of both experimental parameters and varying lattice anisotropy across the orientation space, on orientation determination accuracy. Results summarise the theoretical and practical limits of hexagonal orientation determination by linear SAW measurements. Experimental results from a polycrystalline titanium specimen, obtained by electron back scatter diffraction and spatially resolved acoustic spectroscopy show good agreement (errors of ϕ1=5.14° and Φ=6.99°). Experimental errors are in accordance with those suggested by simulation, according to the experimental parameters. Further experimental results demonstrate dramatically improved orientation results (Φ erro

Unforeseen crystal forms of the natural osmolyte floridoside

Floridoside (2-α-O-D-galactopyranosyl glycerol) is a glycerol glycoside that is biosynthesised by most species of red algae and has been implicated as an intracellular regulator of various homeostatic functions. Here, we report the identification of two unforeseen crystal forms of the ubiquitous natural osmolyte floridoside including a seemingly unheralded second anhydrous conformational polymorph and the unambiguous description of an elusive monohydrated variant. By employing a variety of thermal and spectroscopic techniques, we begin to explore both their macro and molecular physicochemical properties, which are notably different to that of the previously reported polymorph. This work advances the characterisation of this important natural biomolecule which could aid in facilitating optimised utilisation across a variety of anthropocentric applications and improve comprehension of its role in-vivo as a preeminent compatible solute

Autonomous docking ground demonstration (category 3)

The NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) is involved in the development of an autonomous docking ground demonstration. The demonstration combines the technologies, expertise and facilities of the JSC Tracking and Communications Division (EE), Structures and Mechanics Division (ES), and the Navigation, Guidance and Control Division (EG) and their supporting contractors. The autonomous docking ground demonstration is an evaluation of the capabilities of the laser sensor system to support the docking phase (12ft to contact) when operated in conjunction with the Guidance, Navigation and Control Software. The docking mechanism being used was developed for the Apollo Soyuz Test Program. This demonstration will be conducted using the Six-Degrees of Freedom (6-DOF) Dynamic Test System (DTS). The DTS environment simulates the Space Station Freedom as the stationary or target vehicle and the Orbiter as the active or chase vehicle. For this demonstration the laser sensor will be mounted on the target vehicle and the retroreflectors on the chase vehicle. This arrangement was used to prevent potential damage to the laser. The sensor system. GN&C and 6-DOF DTS will be operated closed-loop. Initial condition to simulate vehicle misalignments, translational and rotational, will be introduced within the constraints of the systems involved. Detailed description of each of the demonstration components (e.g., Sensor System, GN&C, 6-DOF DTS and supporting computer configuration) including their capabilities and limitations will be discussed. A demonstration architecture drawing and photographs of the test configuration will be presented

The genealogy of judgement: towards a deep history of academic freedom

The classical conception of academic freedom associated with Wilhelm von Humboldt and the rise of the modern university has a quite specific cultural foundation that centres on the controversial mental faculty of 'judgement'. This article traces the roots of 'judgement' back to the Protestant Reformation, through its heyday as the signature feature of German idealism, and to its gradual loss of salience as both a philosophical and a psychological concept. This trajectory has been accompanied by a general shrinking in the scope of academic freedom from the promulgation of world-views to the offering of expert opinion