Heading Towards a Possible Rebirth of the Induced Renal Cell Carcinoma Models?

:Introduction: Animal models are interesting tools to improve our knowledge of the pathophysiological processes underlying kidney cancer development. Recent advances have been made in the understanding of the genetic founding events underlying clear cell renal carcinoma. The aim of this paper was to review and discuss the characteristics of all the induced animal models of renal carcinogenesis that have been described in the scientific literature to date and to see if and how they could regain some use in the light of the latest discoveries. Methods: The authors reviewed all the papers available in PubMed regarding induced animal models of renal carcinogenesis. From this perspective, the keywords "induced", "animal model", and "renal cancer" were used in PubMed's search engine. Another search was done using the keywords "induced", "animal model", and "kidney cancer". PRISMA recommendations were used to develop the literature review. Results: Seventy-eight studies were included in this review. Results were presented depending on the mechanisms used to induce carcinogenesis in each model: induction by carcinogens, hormones, viral induction, or induction by other agents. Discussion focused on the possibility to rethink these different induced animal models and use them to answer new research questions. Conclusion: Many induced animal models have been developed in the past to study renal cancer. While these models seemed unable to yield new knowledge, the latest advances in the understanding of the genetics behind renal carcinogenesis could well bring the models back to the forefront

Three-year outcomes of recovery of erectile function after open radical prostatectomy with sural nerve grafting

© 2014 International Society for Sexual Medicine.Introduction: Optimal oncologic control of higher stage prostate cancers often requires sacrificing the neurovascular bundles (NVB) with subsequent postoperative erectile dysfunction (ED), which can be treated with interposition graft using sural nerve.AIMS: To examine the long term outcome of sural nerve grafting (SNG) during radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) performed by a single surgeon.Methods: Sixty-six patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and preoperative International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score \u3e20 who underwent RRP were included. NVB excision was performed if the risk of side-specific extra-capsular extension (ECE) was \u3e25% on Ohori\u27 nomogram. SNG was harvested by a plastic surgeon, contemporaneously as the urologic surgeon was performing RRP. IIEF questionnaire was used pre- and postoperatively and at follow-up.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postoperative IIEF score at three years of men undergoing RRP with SNG. Recovery of potency was defined as postoperative IIEF-EF domain score \u3e22.Results: There were 43 (65%) unilateral SNG and 23 (35%) bilateral SNG. Mean surgical time was 164 minutes (71 to 221 minutes).The mean preoperative IIEF score was 23.4+1.6. With a mean follow-up of 35 months, 19 (28.8%) patients had IIEF score \u3e22. The IIEF-EF scores for those who had unilateral SNG and bilateral SNG were 12.9+4.9 and 14.8+5.3 respectively. History of diabetes (P=0.001) and age (P=0.007) negatively correlated with recovery of EF. 60% patients used PDE5i and showed a significantly higher EF recovery (43% vs. 17%, P=0.009).CONCLUSIONS: SNG can potentially improve EF recovery for potent men with higher stage prostate cancer undergoing RP. The contemporaneous, multidisciplinary approach provides a good quality graft and expedited the procedure without interrupting the work-flow

A French observational study about treatment failure under fingolimod in 91 multiple sclerosis patients

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