The Metonym of Edenic Masculinity: Depictions of Male-Male Rape in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl and Property

Health advocate Michael Scarce describes the sexual abuse of men as \u27a crime without a history,\u27 pointing to the treatment of raped men as shocking aberrations as an element in the stigma attached to the crime\u27s victims. The presentation of male-male rape as rare and shocking, he proposes, may be what engenders such silence on the subject, perpetuating the absence of such a history. Even in writing about American slavery, in which the sexual exploitation of women is more freely acknowledged, few historic attestations and fewer literary accounts of the rape of men exist. Those rare accounts which do exist, then, offer vital evidence of nineteenth-century ideologies about bodies and sexualities. In this paper, I explore the complicated subject-positions within hierarchies of race, sexuality, and gender which two female authors - one a nineteenth-century escaped slave, one a twenty-first-century novelist - adopt for themselves and impose upon the men involved in forced sexual encounters between white slaveowners and black slaves in the American South. The authors of a well-known slave narrative, Harriet Jacobs\u27 Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, and a recent neo-slave novel speaking back to the slave narrative tradition, Valerie Martin\u27s Property, dismiss the figure of the rapacious black male that haunted the racist imagination. Each looks instead to tropes of romantic primitivism and proposes an alternate reading of the black male body oppressed by race and gender structures. Relying upon Hortense Spillers\u27 accounts of the metonymic figures which constitute the hegemonic paradigm of blackness under strictly categorized ethnic systems, I highlight a separate silencing in which anthropological concepts and Biblical ones are appropriated to create a new metonym of black masculinity. In doing so, I explore Victorian concepts of the body in order to illuminate a moment in the ideological history of sexual exploitation

Keynote Address to Seapower Symposium: Change and Challenge

In his keynote address to the Seapower Symposium at the Naval War College, Adm. Bernard A. Clarey highlighted the increase in Soviet maritime capability. This increase is especially significant in light of the growth of waterborne commerce and the possibility of obtaining important resources from the seabed

Thermochemical Non-Equilibrium Models for Weakly Ionized Hypersonic Flows with Application to Slender-Body Wakes

The current resurgence of interest in hypersonic technologies has warranted an inquiry into the commonly employed thermochemical non-equilibrium models within computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. Additionally, research has historically focused on forebody flowfields, while studies of the complex wake structure have remained elusive. Although the forebody is of significance for vehicle analysis, the wake presents many exploitative characteristics. This dissertation aimed to address these two deficits. First, two three-temperature non-equilibrium models were developed, increasing the fidelity of hypersonic solutions above that of the legacy two-temperature model. The models were then investigated via zero-dimensional simulations, to detail the non-equilibrium processes, and ultimately implemented within a CFD architecture and validated against the RAM C-II flight test data. Compared against the two-temperature, the three-temperature models were shown to capture additional physics of the non-equilibrium phenomena; thus, the accuracy of the predicted thermochemical state increased. Second, a parametric study characterizing the wake behind a generic, slender geometry was completed, where the non-equilibrium processes were shown to extend a significant distance into the wake. The complex wake structure, coupled with the high-fidelity three-temperature model, has implications on radiative heating, communications blackout, and remote detection predictions

South Fork and Heart Mountain Faults: Examples of Catastrophic, Gravity-Driven “Overthrusts,” Northwest Wyoming, USA

Overthrust faults have been a source of debate and discussion in creation literature for many years. Their interpretation demands a better explanation in a Flood context. Two fault systems are examined as analogies for an “overthrust” model. The South Fork Fault System (SFFS) and the Heart Mountain Fault System (HMFS) exhibit folding and faulting consistent with thin-skinned overthrust systems. Both systems moved catastrophically under the influence of gravity. The South Fork Fault system (SFFS, southwest of Cody, Wyoming, exhibits tear faults, tight folds, a triangle zone, and flat-ramp geometries along the leading edge of the system. Transport was southeast, down a gentle slope during early to middle Eocene time (Late Flood), approximately coeval with the Heart Mountain Fault system (HMFS). The SFFS detaches in lower Jurassic strata, rich in gypsum-anhydrite, overlain by about 1250 m of Jurassic through Tertiary sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Movement between 5 km and 10 km to the southeast spread the allochthonous mass over an area exceeding 1400 km2. A break-away fault and an area of tectonic denudation mark the upper northwest part of the system. The exposed denuded surface was buried by additional Eocene-age volcanic rocks soon after slip. Catastrophic rear-loading during emplacement of HMFS may have initiated subsequent movement on the SFFS, with dehydration processes trapping water in a near frictionless anhydrite-water slurry. Rapid development of near-surface folds, as observed in the toe of the SFFS, could only have developed while the sediments were still unlithified

Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Hazards, Environmental and Health Risks as the Latent Products of Late Modernity

CAFOs raise tens of thousands of animals in confined cages and feedlots, feed them high calorie diets, and ship them to slaughter in record time. These factory farms (as they are sometimes called) devastate neighboring environments with the releases of toxic methane gas and animal waste. Progress in modernized agricultural production has enabled us to feed the growing population but unintended consequences for human health and neighboring communities are happening. This study examines environmental and human health impacts of CAFOs on Central Mississippi residents. Through analyses of existing studies and data and telephone surveys, the objectives will be met. Risk society theory is used to explain the increase of diseases and environmental risks associated with CAFOs in late modernity. The results do not indicate that neighboring residents of CAFOs in Central Mississippi are more likely to have ill health, a negative quality of life, or environmental degradation, overall

Unavoidable Pressure Ulcers: An Ethnonursing Study

Catherine M. Clarey-Sanford Loyola University Chicago UNAVOIDABLE PRESSURE ULCER: AN ETHNONURSING STUDY In an effort to improve patient safety and the quality of care in the acute care setting, there has been an increased focus on the prevention of adverse events believed to be avoidable. Hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPU) have been listed as one of those adverse events, and hospitals are no longer reimbursed for related costs. However, there are patient conditions and clinical situations in which a pressure ulcer can be deemed unavoidable. In acute care, unavoidable means that the patient developed a pressure ulcer even though the provider had: evaluated the patient’s pressure ulcer risk factors; defined and implemented interventions that were consistent with recognized standards of practice; monitored and evaluated the impact of the interventions; and revised the approaches as appropriate. Despite these guidelines, the implementation and documentation of pressure ulcer prevention has been inconsistent, making it difficult to identify a HAPU as unavoidable. There is a lack of research exploring the acute care nurses’ perspective of implementing and documenting pressure ulcer prevention interventions. Using an ethnographic qualitative method, information was collected through observation, informal conversations, interviews, and field notes. Data collection took place in a regional medical center located in the mid-west of the United States over a seven month period and included 23 participants: 7 acute care medical-surgical nurses who had provided direct care to a patient who developed a HAPU and 16 multidisciplinary health care members who had knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention interventions and documentation. A systematic, rigorous, and in-depth qualitative analysis was completed using the Leininger Data Analysis Guide. Four themes emerged from the data regarding the culture of care of adults experiencing a HAPU: incomplete skin assessments were influenced by priority setting and kinship relationships; an inability to implement pressure ulcer prevention interventions was influenced by economical staffing; diverse documentation regimes were influenced by care rationing practices and technical factors; and diverse multidisciplinary collaborative pressure ulcer prevention efforts were influenced by silo social structures. The findings of this study not only have implications for nursing practice, administration, and education, but are vitally important in the identification of a HAPU as avoidable or unavoidable

Use of Sedimentary Megasequences to Re-create Pre-Flood Geography

Knowledge of pre-Flood geography and the location of the Garden of Eden have eluded Bible-believing scientists and theologians. This study attempts to reconstruct the gross geography of the pre-Flood world by examining the detailed stratigraphy that was deposited during the Flood. Over 1500 stratigraphic columns were constructed across North and South America and Africa, recording the lithology and stratigraphy at each location. Sedimentary layers were examined using Sloss-type megasequences which allowed detailed analysis of the progression of the Flood in six discrete depositional segments. The three earliest megasequences, Sauk, Tippecanoe and Kaskaskia, were the most limited in areal coverage and volume and contain almost exclusively marine fossils, indicating a likely marine realm. The 4th megasequence (Absaroka) shows a dramatic increase in global coverage and volume and includes the first major plant and terrestrial animal fossils. The 5th megasequence (Zuni) appears to be the highest water point of the Flood (Day 150) as it exhibits the maximum global volume of sediment and the maximum areal coverage, compared to all earlier megasequences. The final megasequence (Tejas) exhibits fossils indicative of the highest upland areas of the pre-Flood world. Its rocks document a major shift in direction reflective of the receding water phase of the Flood. Results include the first, data-based, pre-Flood geography map for half of the world. By comparing the individual megasequences to the fossil record, patterns emerge that fit the concept of ecological zonation. The paper concludes with a new ecological zonation-megasequence model for Flood strata and the fossil record

Global Stratigraphy and the Fossil Record Validate a Flood Origin for the Geologic Column

The geologic column has been under the scrutiny of numerous creationists for many decades. Critics have claimed the column is intimately tied to the evolutionary worldview and deep time, and cannot be trusted or used by creation scientists. Other creation scientists have argued that the geologic column, although incomplete at most locations, can provide useful correlations of rocks and fossils across the globe. This paper examines the sedimentary rocks across three continents in an attempt to test the validity of the global geologic column. We attempted to assess the data primarily from a lithologic viewpoint, and as independent of the fossil data as possible. To accomplish this, we constructed a new data set of over 1500 local, stratigraphic columns across three continents, recording the detailed lithologic information and Sloss-type megasequence boundaries at each site. A detailed 3-D lithology model was created for each continent using the local columns. We also constructed maps of the basal lithology for each megasequence. Unique lithologic units, like salt and chert-rich layers were also tracked from column to column. Results show extensive lithologic units (i.e. blanket sandstones) covered portions of every continent and are correlative across vast regions and even continent to continent. The correlation of these stacked basal megasequence units, and other unique lithologies (i.e. salt and chert layers) within the megasequences, confirm the validity of the geologic column on a global scale. The observable pattern in the fossil record further confirms these findings. Indeed, a global Flood could produce globally extensive, stacked lithologic units on an intercontinental scale. Creationists should not be critical of the geologic column, but embrace it as evidence of a global Flood event