13,087 research outputs found
An EVT Approach to calculating Risk Capital Requirements
This paper investigates the frequency of extreme events for three LIFFE futures contracts for the calculation of minimum capital risk requirements (MCRRs). We propose a semi-parametric approach where the tails are modelled by the Generalised Pareto Distribution and smaller risks are captured by the empirical distribution function. We compare the capital requirements from this approach with those calculated from the unconditional density and from a conditional density- a GARCH(1,1) model. Our primary finding is that for both in-sample and hold-out samples, our extreme value approach yields superior results than either of the other two models which do not explicitly model the tails of the return distribution. Since the use of these internal models will be permitted under the EC-CAD II, they could be widely adopted in the near future by European financial institutions for determining capital adequacies. Hence, close scrutiny of competing models is required to avoid a potentially costly misallocation of capital resources while at the same time ensuring the safety of the financial system.Minimum Capital Risk Requirments, Generalised Pareto Distribution, GARCH models
Convicts and coolies : rethinking indentured labour in the nineteenth century
This article seeks to shift the frame of analysis within which discussions of Indian indentured migration take place. It argues that colonial discourses and practices of indenture are best understood not with regard to the common historiographical framework of whether it was 'a new system of slavery', but in the context of colonial innovations in incarceration and confinement. The article shows how Indian experiences of and knowledge about transportation overseas to penal settlements informed in important ways both their own understandings and representations of migration and the colonial practices associated with the recruitment of indentured labour. In detailing the connections between two supposedly different labour regimes, it thus brings a further layer of complexity to debates around their supposed distinctions
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Measuring mathematical resilience : an application of the construct of resilience to the study of mathematics
To meet the challenge of accelerating demands for quantitative literacy in the work force,
improvements are needed in mathematics education. Student skill must be increased at all ability
levels while also reducing the achievement gap across gender, racial and ethnic groups to
increase their participation in advanced mathematics coursework and representation in
mathematics related careers (National Mathematics Advisory Panel, 2008). Research has shown
that affective traits such as motivation and attitude are linked to increased likelihood of taking
advanced mathematics courses (Ma, 2006) and are significant predictors of improved cognitive
activity and achievement (Buff, Reusser, Rakoczy,& Pauli, 2011; Ethington & Wolfe, 1986). In
addition, males generally score more favorably than females on affective variables related to
mathematics achievement and persistence (McGraw, Lubienski, & Strutchens, 2006; Sherman &
Fennema, 1977; Wilkins and Ma, 2003). Although psychological resilience has been researched
extensively (Luthar, Cicchetti, & Becker, 2000; Luthar, 2007) the study of mathematical
resilience, defined as a positive adaptive stance to mathematics which allows students to
continue learning despite adversity, represents a new approach (Johnston-Wilder & Lee, 2010;
Rivera & Waxman, 2011). Math anxiety looks at maladaptive response to learning mathematics
and is well-studied (Hembree, 1990; Richardson & Suinn, 1977; Tobias, 1978). In contrast,
resilience incorporates factors associated with optimal functioning. Although mathematical
resilience has been identified as important for success (Johnston-Wilder & Lee, 2010; Rivera &
Waxman, 2011), little consensus exists around its definition and no measures of resilience have
been rigorously developed and/or validated. Rivera & Waxman (2011) identified the use of
teacher nomination of resilient students as a limitation of their study, further motivating
development of an instrument. This presentation will report on efforts to develop and validate an
instrument measuring mathematical resilience. Ultimately, the measure will aid in developing
and testing models that gauge the role of mathematical resilience in student achievement and
persistence in advanced coursework. These models can be used to develop interventions to
improve mathematical resilience, achievement, and quantitative literacy (Johnston-Wilder &
Lee, 2010)
Hierarchical Lattice Models of Hydrogen Bond Networks in Water
We develop a graph-based model of the hydrogen bond network in water, with a
view towards quantitatively modeling the molecular-level correlational
structure of the network. The networks are formed are studied by the
constructing the model on two infinite-dimensional lattices. Our models are
built \emph{bottom up}, based on microscopic information coming from atomistic
simulations, and we show that the predictions of the model are consistent with
known results from ab-initio simulations of liquid water. We show that simple
entropic models can predict the correlations and clustering of
local-coordination defects around tetrahedral waters observed in the atomistic
simulations. We also find that orientational correlations between bonds are
longer ranged than density correlations, and determine the directional
correlations within closed loops and show that the patterns of water wires
within these structures are also consistent with previous atomistic
simulations. Our models show the existence of density and compressibility
anomalies, as seen in the real liquid, and the phase diagram of these models is
consistent with the singularity-free scenario previously proposed by Sastry and
co-workers (Sastry et al, PRE 53, 6144 (1996)).Comment: 17 pages, published versio
Growth and Change: Tracking Ohio's Recovery from the Great Recession
Great Recession that began in December 2007 and ended in June 2009 was the most severe since the Great Depression. In addition to having one of the steepest declines in employment, the recovery has been among the slowest. Yet, we are in our sixth year of economic expansion, which is already the 5th longest since WWII. Although the lengthy expansion has been remarkable given the weak recovery, especially in terms of net job growth, we are getting to the point where another downturn would not be surprising
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