Optimizing rearing and welfare in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalesensis) broodstock: effect of ambient light intensity and handling time on stress response

Broodstock rearing conditions and handling procedures should be optimized in aquaculture species in order to benefit fish welfare and guarantee optimal conditions for spawning. In teleosts, basal cortisol levels display daily rhythms, oscillating along the 24 h of the day. In this sense, handling fish at different moments of the day may lead to different stress responses. The present study aimed at investigating the optimal rearing conditions for Senegalese sole broodstock, considering ambient light intensity and handling time. The optimal light intensity (50, 100 or 200 lx) was investigated by measuring fish cortisol levels and monitoring locomotor activity rhythms under each intensity tested. Results showed a significant increase in cortisol levels of fish exposed to 200 lx, when compared to values obtained under 100 lx, accompanied by changes in locomotor activity rhythms in both tanks under study. These results suggested that 200 lx may be too high as light intensity for this species, whereas 100 lx seems to be more adequate. Also, daily rhythms of stress response were investigated in breeders from different origins (Wild and first generation, G1). Basal cortisol levels and cortisol stress response after an acute stressor (air exposure) were monitored at two distinct moments of the day (Mid-Light and Mid-Dark). Basal levels were higher during the day in the wild group, while G1 fish seemed to have lost the daily fluctuations in basal cortisol plasma levels, as well as their daily rhythms of locomotor activity. Both groups showed lower stress responses during night-time, an indication that this is an adequate period of the day to handle this species. Senegalese sole breeders born in captivity presented more pronounced stress responses when compared to wild fish, reflecting their different life history in terms of stress challenges.FP7/SME/2008/1; UID/Multi/04326/2019; DL 57/2016/CP1361/CT0007; DL 57/2016/CP1361/CT0033info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Maternal prenatal depressive symptoms and infant sleep problems: the role of infant temperament and sex

Published online: 19 Dec 2022Objectives: We aimed to analyze whether (1) infant temperament mediates the impact of maternal prenatal depressive symptoms on infant sleep problems and (2) the mediation role of infant temperament was moderated by the infant’s sex. Methods: The sample was comprised of 172 mother-infant dyads. Mothers completed self-reported measures of prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms, infant temperament (negative affectivity, surgency/extraversion, and orienting regulation), and sleep problems. Results: While controlling for maternal postnatal depressive symptoms, our results revealed that (1) infant negative affectivity at two weeks partially mediated the impact of maternal prenatal depressive symptoms on sleep anxiety at six months, and (2) this mediation is independent of the infant’s sex. Conclusions: Our findings provided evidence that negative affectivity can be an early specific marker of sleep anxiety and can partially explain the negative impact of maternal prenatal depressive symptoms on further sleep problems in the infant.This work was supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PTDC/SAU/SAP/116738/2010,SFRH/BD/113005/2015,SFRH/BD/115048/2016]

Exclusive breastfeeding at three months and infant sleep-wake behaviors at two weeks, three and six months

This study assessed infant sleep-wake behavior at two weeks, three and six months as function of feeding method at three months (exclusively breastfed, partially breastfed, and exclusively formula fed infants). Mothers of 163 first-born, full-term, normal birth weight, healthy infants completed socio-demographic, depression, anxiety, and infant sleep-wake behavior measures. No effects were found for sleep arrangements, depression or anxiety, on feeding methods and sleep-wake behavior at three months. At two weeks exclusively breastfed infants at three months spent more hours sleeping and less hours awake during the 24-h period than partially breastfed infants. At three months, exclusively breastfed infants had a shorter of the longest sleep period at night than exclusively formula fed infants. At six months, exclusively breastfed infants at three months spent more hours awake at night than partially breastfed infants, awake more at night than exclusively formula fed infants, and had a shorter sleep period at night than partially breastfed and exclusively formula fed infants. This study showed differences in sleep-wake behaviors at two weeks, three and six months, when exclusively breastfed infants are compared with partially breastfed and exclusively formula fed infants at three months, while no effects were found for sleep arrangements, depression or anxiety.PTDC/SAU/SAP/116738/2010; SFRH/BSAB/14445/2014; POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007653info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Infant sleep-wake behaviors at two weeks, three and six months

Although infant sleep-wake behavior presents several developmental changes during the first six months, literature lacks on reference values and few studies have explored the role of individual change and stability on infant sleep-wake behavior during the first six months. This study aimed (1) to describe infant sleep-wake behaviors during the 24-h period, day and night, at two weeks, three, and six months, (2) and to explore developmental changes and the role of individual change and stability on infant sleep-wake behaviors from two weeks to six months. Ninety-four primiparous mothers completed measures on infant sleep-wake behaviors at two weeks, three and six months. Significant developmental changes were found on infant sleep-wake behaviors from two weeks to six months. Twoweek- old infants sleep 13.3 h, spend 8.7 h awake, awake 6.1 times, have 0.4 h of latency to sleep, and 3.2 h of longest sleep period. Three-month-old infants sleep 13.0 h, spend 9.2 h awake, awake 5.5 times, have 0.4 h of latency to sleep, and 5.2 h of longest sleep period. Sixmonth- old infants sleep 12.2 h, spend 10.0 h awake, awake 5.2 times, have 0.4 h of latency to sleep, and 5.6 h of longest sleep period. Significant individual change and stability were also found on infant sleep-wake behaviors from two weeks to six months. Despite significant developmental and individual changes, individual stability explains a significant amount of the variance on infant sleep-wake behaviors over the first six months of life.FEDER Funds through the Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade − COMPETE and by National Funds through FCT − Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia under the project: PTDC/SAU/SAP/116738/2010 and SFRH/BSAB/14445/2014 grantPortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science through national funds and co-financed by FEDER through COMPETE2020 under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI-01-0145- FEDER-007653)Psychology Research Centre (UID/PSI/01662/2013), University of Minh

Karitane parenting confidence scale: measuring parenting self-efficacy in Portuguese mothers during the first year postpartum

Background: The Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale (KPCS) was designed to assess parenting self-efficacy in parents of infants during the first year. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the psychometric characteristics of the KPCS in Portuguese mothers during the firstyear postpartum. Methods: A sample of 383 mothers were recruited at two public outpatient units in Northern Portugal. Mothers completed the KPCS, a sociodemographic questionnaire, and measures of depressive and anxiety symptoms at least one time between two weeks, three, six and 12 months postpartum. Results: Good fit was found for a factor model with three subscales: parenting, support and child development. The KPCS presented good internal consistency. Regarding the criterion validity of the KPCS, significant effects of mother’s age were found on the development subscale and significant associations were found between mother’s depressive and anxiety symptoms and the KPCS total scale and subscales. Optimal clinical cut-offs were suggested. Conclusion: Findings provided evidence on the psychometric characteristics of the KPCS which can be used to assess parenting selfefficacy in Portuguese mothers during the first-year postpartum, possibly identifying mothers with low parenting self-efficacy.This study was conducted at the Psychology Research Centre (PSI/01662), School of Psychology, University of Minho, and supported by the Foundation for Science and Technology. This research was also supported by FEDER Funds through the Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade - COMPETE and by National Funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia under the project PTDC/SAU/SAP/116738/2010 and individual grants (SFRH/BD/115048/2016, SFRH/BPD/117597/2016, and SFRH/BD/113005/2015). This study was funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology—FCT (Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education), under the grant (UIDB/05380/2020)

The breastfeeding self-efficacy scale-short form: psychometric characteristics in portuguese pregnant women

The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form is a reliable instrument to measure mother's confidence in her ability to breastfeed. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form has traditionally been used postnatally, but evidence suggests that it can be used antenatally to identify mothers at-risk of requiring additional support to improve breastfeeding outcomes.This research was supported by FEDER Funds through the Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade−COMPETE and by National Funds through FCT−Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia under the project: PTDC/SAU/SAP/116738/2010. This study was conducted at Psychology Research Centre (UID/PSI/01662/2013), University of Minho, and supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science through national funds and co-financed by FEDER through COMPETE2020 under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI-01-0145- FEDER-007653).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Controle de comunicantes de tuberculose no Brasil: revisão de literatura (1984- 2004)

This study aims to review plans for tuberculosis control through the analysis of measures for tuberculosis contact tracing in Brazil from 1984 to 2004. This article presents a literature review on tuberculosis control published in manuals of the Ministry of Health and the State Department of Health of Sao Paulo, and in Medline and Lilacs databases. There was a gap in the standardization of control measures in the decade from 1984 to 1994. It was concluded that health professionals need to incorporate TB control and prevention actions from the perspective of health surveillance and systematic monitoring.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las medidas de control entre los contactos con tuberculosis (TBC), a través del análisis de la evolución de estas medidas en el Brasil, como parte de los planes para el control de la TBC. Artículo de revisión de la bibliografía entre el período de 1984 a 2004, que tuvo como fuentes los manuales de control para la TBC del Ministerio de Salud y de la Secretaria del Estado de São Paulo, así como artículos ubicados en las bases de datos Medline y Lilacs. RESULTADOS: Fue identificada una laguna en las normas para determinar las medidas del control durante la década de 1984 a 1994. Se concluye que existió falta de involucramiento por parte de los profesionales de la salud en las acciones de control y prevención para la TBC, basadas en las perspectivas de vigilancia en salud y monitoreo sistemático.Este estudo tem como propósito identificar as medidas de controle de comunicantes de tuberculose (TB) no Brasil, inseridos nos planos de controle da TB. Trata-se de artigo de revisão da literatura referente ao período de 1984 a 2004, que tem como fonte os manuais de controle da TB do Ministério da Saúde e da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, e artigos localizados nas bases de dados Medline e Lilacs. RESULTADOS: identificou-se lacuna na normatização das medidas de controle durante a década de 1984 a 1994. Conclui-se que faltou aos profissionais de saúde incorporar as ações de controle e prevenção de TB na perspectiva da vigilância em saúde e monitoramento sistemático

A pandemia de coronavírus: uma análise descritiva sobre o contexto laboral das mulheres trans

On the perspective that it is increasingly difficult to enter the labor market, especially when there are not enough professional/educational skills, to solve the problem of labor marginalization in most companies, we study the insertion of trans women in it. This article aims to analyze the occupational situation of trans women in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. The research has a bibliographic descriptive character, also using the deductive method and, consequently, the analysis of articles, documents and reports for the study's rationale. The research problem seeks to answer: What are the barriers that prevent them from entering the labor market in the context of Covid-19? The results of our research show that the main factors that hinder the entry of trans women into the labor market within the pandemic context are family gender prejudice, social invisibility, the State's failure to observe the essential creation of public insertion policies of trans women to educational environments of medium and higher level, marginalization and, in view of this, prostitution.  Desde la perspectiva de que cada vez es más difícil ingresar al mercado laboral, especialmente cuando no hay suficientes habilidades profesionales/educativas para resolver el problema de la marginación laboral en la mayoría de las empresas, estudiamos la inserción de las mujeres trans en este. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la situación laboral de las mujeres trans en el contexto de la pandemia de coronavirus. La investigación tiene un carácter bibliográfico descriptivo, utilizando también el método deductivo y, en consecuencia, el análisis de artículos, documentos e informes para sustentar el estudio. El problema de investigación busca dar respuesta: ¿Cuáles son las barreras que les impiden ingresar al mercado laboral en el contexto de Covid-19? Los resultados de nuestra investigación muestran que los principales factores que dificultan el ingreso de las mujeres trans al mercado laboral en el contexto pandémico son el prejuicio de género familiar, la invisibilidad social, la falta de observación del Estado para la creación esencial de políticas públicas para la inserción de las mujeres trans. a los entornos de educación secundaria y superior, la marginación y, por ello, la prostitución.Sobre a perspectiva de que se é cada vez mais difícil a inserção no mercado de trabalho, principalmente quando não há habilidades profissionais/educacionais suficientes, para solucionar o problema da marginalização laboral na maioria das empresas, estudamos a inserção das mulheres trans neste. Este artigo objetiva analisar a situação ocupacional de mulheres trans no contexto da pandemia de coronavírus. A pesquisa possui caráter descritivo bibliográfico, utilizando-se também o método dedutivo e, consequentemente, a análise de artigos, documentos e reportagens para a fundamentação do estudo. O problema da pesquisa busca responder: Quais são as barreiras que as impedem de entrar no mercado de trabalho no contexto da Covid-19? Os resultados da nossa pesquisa mostram que os principais fatores que dificultam a entrada de mulheres trans no mercado de trabalho dentro do contexto pandêmico são o preconceito de gênero familiar, a invisibilização social, a inobservância do Estado sobre a criação essencial de políticas públicas de inserção das mulheres trans aos ambientes educacionais de nível médio e superior, a marginalização e, à vista disso, a prostituição

Tomografia computadorizada do tórax de cadelas portadoras de neoplasias mamárias malignas: I - determinação da técnica do exame

Given the importance of malignant mammary gland tumors in veterinary medicine clinics, new perspectives of diagnostic imaging in order to evaluate pacients that have this neoplasia, and the lack of information about it in literature, this research intended to analyse some technical aspects of the contrast computed tomography scanning. The scanning time, the choice of the axial slices thickness, quality of the mediastinal vases contrast and the window width and level were studied in order to have images that make possible the evaluation of lungs, mediastinum, and bones. This research was performed at the Diagnostic Imaging Service of the Veterinary School Hospital of the Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia at the University of São Paulo in twenty, different breed and age, bitches with malignant mammary gland tumors that were examined at the Obstetric and Ginecology and Small Animal Surgery Services of the same hospital. The average time for the complete contrast computed tomography scanning of the thorax, with nearly 30 slices, was thirty minutes; the ventral recumbency with the cranial traction of thoracic limbs, and the administration of intravenously iodine contrast medium (2ml/kg) that was given; two thirds of the dose in bolus and the complement under continuing infusion presented to be appropriate for the thoracic contrast computed tomography scanning. The 10 milimeters thickness for animals weighting over 30 kilograms and 5 milimeters for animals weighting under 30 kilograms presented to be appropriate in order to reach an average of thirty slices; the window and level selections to obtain pulmonary, mediastinal and bone images presented appropriate to be evaluated starting from window width 1500 Hounsfield unit (HU) with level varyng from -550 e -650 for lungs, window width between 250 to 300 HU with level varyng from 0 e 50 for mediastinum and window width of 1500 with the level between 50 and 350 HU.Visto a importância das neoplasias mamárias malignas na clínica médico-veterinária e as novas perspectivas do diagnóstico por imagem na avaliação de pacientes portadores dessas neoplasias, o presente trabalho visou analisar alguns aspectos técnicos relativos ao exame de tomografia computadorizada contrastada da cavidade torácica quais sejam, tempo de realização do exame, escolha da espessura dos cortes transversais, qualidade de contrastação dos vasos mediastinais, abertura de janela e nível para obtenção das imagens de pulmão, mediastino e arcabouço ósseo, tendo em vista a escassez de informações na literatura consultada. Para tanto, foram realizados exames de tomografia computadorizada contrastada da cavidade torácica de vinte fêmeas da espécie canina, de diferentes raças e idades, portadoras de neoplasias mamárias malignas encaminhadas ao Serviço de Diagnóstico por Imagem do Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo pelos Serviços de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia e de Cirurgia de Pequenos Animais da mesma instituição. Concluiu-se que, o tempo médio para realização da tomografia contrastada completa do tórax, com aproximadamente trinta cortes foi de 30 minutos; o posicionamento em decúbito esternal com os membros tracionados cranialmente, e a administração de contraste iodado hidrossolúvel por via intravenosa no volume aproximado de 2ml/kg de peso vivo, sendo dois terços da dose administrados em bolo e o complemento sob infusão contínua mostraram-se adequados para realização do exame tomográfico contrastado do tórax; a escolha da espessura dos cortes de 10 milímetros para animais com mais de trinta quilos e de 5 milímetros para animais com menos de trinta quilos mostrou-se adequada para avaliação de todo o tórax buscando-se atingir uma média de trinta cortes; as seleções de janela e nível para aquisição das imagens pulmonares, mediastinais e de arcabouço ósseo apresentaram-se adequadas à avaliação a partir dos valores de abertura de janela de: 1500 unidades Hounsfield (UH) com um nível entre -550 e -650 UH para pulmão, entre 250 e 300 UH com um nível entre 0 e 50 UH para mediastino e para avaliação do arcabouço ósseo de 1500 UH com um nível entre 50 e 350 UH

Tomografia computadorizada do tórax de cadelas portadoras de neoplasias malignas: II - Avaliação dos campos pulmonares

Seen the importancy of the malignant mammary gland tumors in the veterinary medicine clinic, the new perspectives of the diagnostic imaging in order to evaluate pacients that have this neoplasia, and the few information of this subject in the literature this research proposed to compare contrast computed tomographic and survey radiographic techniques in the lung's evaluation of female dogs with malignant mammary gland tumors. This research was performed at the Diagnostic Imaging Service of the Veterinary School Hospital of the Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia at the University of São Paulo in twenty, from different breed and age, bitches with malignant mammary gland tumors that were examined at the Obstetric and Ginecology and Small Animal Surgery Services of the same hospital. The tomographic exam showed up as an important complement of the radiographic exam in searching for mammary gland tumor metastasis, concerning the evaluation of the pulmonary intersticium.Visto a importância das neoplasias mamárias na clínica médico-veterinária e as novas perspectivas do diagnóstico por imagem, o presente trabalho visou comparar o exame tomográfico contrastado com o exame radiográfico simples dos campos pulmonares de cadelas portadoras de tumores mamários malignos. Para tanto, foram realizados exames de tomografia computadorizada contrastada da cavidade torácica de vinte fêmeas da espécie canina, de diferentes raças e idades, portadoras de neoplasias mamárias malignas encaminhadas ao Serviço de Diagnóstico por Imagem do Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo pelos Serviços de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia e de Cirurgia de Pequenos Animais da mesma instituição. Concluiu-se que, o exame tomográfico se mostrou um importante complemento do exame radiográfico na pesquisa de metástases de neoplasias mamárias em cadelas no que se refere à avaliação do interstício pulmonar