50 research outputs found

    Caractéristiques Dendrométriques de Boscia Senegalensis (pers.) Lam. Ex poir et Variabilité Morphométrique de ses Fruits Suivant la Toposéquence dans la Zone Nord du Ferlo (Sénégal)

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    L'objectif de cette Ă©tude est d'Ă©valuer la variabilitĂ© morphomĂ©trique des fruits et de la population de Boscia senegalensis en fonction de la toposĂ©quence (plateau, versant et bas-fond) dans la rĂ©gion du Ferlo, au nord du SĂ©nĂ©gal. Quinze individus de l'espèce ont Ă©tĂ© choisis au hasard, cinq par niveau topographique. Des mesures ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es sur les paramètres dendromĂ©triques (hauteur et diamètre du houppier) des individus et sur les descripteurs morphomĂ©triques des fruits (diamètres transversaux du fruit et de la graine et nombre de graines, longueur du pĂ©doncule, masses du fruit, de l'Ă©picarpe et de la pulpe visqueuse). L'analyse en composantes principales et l'analyse factorielle discriminante ont montrĂ© l'existence d'une variabilitĂ© morphomĂ©trique des fruits en fonction du niveau topographique, ce qui n'est pas le cas pour le nombre de graines par fruit. Aucune corrĂ©lation n'a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e entre les deux types de descripteurs Ă©valuĂ©s (<20%). Par contre, les variables fruits, fortement corrĂ©lĂ©es avec les unitĂ©s topographiques (>50%), contribuent significativement Ă  l'explication des variabilitĂ©s observĂ©es. En effet, la pente est plus favorable au dĂ©veloppement du pĂ©doncule (1,30cm) et Ă  la croissance du poids des fruits (2,33g et 1,23g) alors que la plaine est plus favorable au dĂ©veloppement des dimensions des fruits (15,38mm et 16,75mm). L'Ă©tude a montrĂ© l'existence de morphotypes chez les individus de l'espèce en fonction de la toposĂ©quence. Les rĂ©sultats de cette Ă©tude pourraient ĂŞtre utiles dans le cadre d'un programme de sĂ©lection variĂ©tale et d'amĂ©lioration gĂ©nĂ©tique de l'espèce, mais aussi pour sa conservation et son utilisation durable au Sahel.   The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphometric variability of the fruits and the population of Boscia senegalensis as a function of toposequence (plateau, slope and lowland) in the Ferlo region of northern Senegal. Fifteen individuals of the species were randomly selected, five per topographic level. Measurements were made on the dendrometric parameters (height and crown diameter) of the individuals and on the morphometric descriptors of the fruits (cross-sectional diameters of the fruit and seed and number of seeds, length of the peduncle, masses of the fruit, epicarp and viscous pulp). Principal component analysis and discriminant factor analysis showed the existence of morphometric variability of the fruit according to the topographic level, which is not the case for the number of seeds per fruit. No correlation was observed between the two types of descriptors evaluated (<20%). However, the fruit variables, which are strongly correlated with the topographic units (>50%), contribute significantly to the explanation of the observed variabilities. Indeed, the slope is more favourable to the development of the peduncle (1.30cm) and to the growth of the fruit weight (2.33g and 1.23g) whereas the lowland is more favourable to the development of the fruit dimensions (15.38mm and 16.75mm). The study showed the existence of morphotypes in individuals of the species according to toposequence. The results of this study could be useful in the framework of a varietal selection and genetic improvement programme for the species, but also for its conservation and sustainable use in the Sahel

    Caractéristiques Dendrométriques de Boscia senegalensis (pers.) Lam. Ex Poir et Variabilité Morphométrique de ses Fruits Suivant la Toposéquence dans la Zone Nord du Ferlo (Sénégal)

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    L'objectif de cette Ă©tude est d'Ă©valuer la variabilitĂ© morphomĂ©trique des fruits et de la population de Boscia senegalensis en fonction de la toposĂ©quence (plateau, versant et bas-fond) dans la rĂ©gion du Ferlo, au nord du SĂ©nĂ©gal. Quinze individus de l'espèce ont Ă©tĂ© choisis au hasard, cinq par niveau topographique. Des mesures ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es sur les paramètres dendromĂ©triques (hauteur et diamètre du houppier) des individus et sur les descripteurs morphomĂ©triques des fruits (diamètres transversaux du fruit et de la graine et nombre de graines, longueur du pĂ©doncule, masses du fruit, de l'Ă©picarpe et de la pulpe visqueuse). L'analyse en composantes principales et l'analyse factorielle discriminante ont montrĂ© l'existence d'une variabilitĂ© morphomĂ©trique des fruits en fonction du niveau topographique, ce qui n'est pas le cas pour le nombre de graines par fruit. Aucune corrĂ©lation n'a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e entre les deux types de descripteurs Ă©valuĂ©s (<20%). Par contre, les variables fruits, fortement corrĂ©lĂ©es avec les unitĂ©s topographiques (>50%), contribuent significativement Ă  l'explication des variabilitĂ©s observĂ©es. En effet, la pente est plus favorable au dĂ©veloppement du pĂ©doncule (1,30cm) et Ă  la croissance du poids des fruits (2,33g et 1,23g) alors que la plaine est plus favorable au dĂ©veloppement des dimensions des fruits (15,38mm et 16,75mm). L'Ă©tude a montrĂ© l'existence de morphotypes chez les individus de l'espèce en fonction de la toposĂ©quence. Les rĂ©sultats de cette Ă©tude pourraient ĂŞtre utiles dans le cadre d'un programme de sĂ©lection variĂ©tale et d'amĂ©lioration gĂ©nĂ©tique de l'espèce, mais aussi pour sa conservation et son utilisation durable au Sahel.   The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphometric variability of the fruits and the population of Boscia senegalensis as a function of toposequence (plateau, slope and lowland) in the Ferlo region of northern Senegal. Fifteen individuals of the species were randomly selected, five per topographic level. Measurements were made on the dendrometric parameters (height and crown diameter) of the individuals and on the morphometric descriptors of the fruits (cross-sectional diameters of the fruit and seed and number of seeds, length of the peduncle, masses of the fruit, epicarp and viscous pulp). Principal component analysis and discriminant factor analysis showed the existence of morphometric variability of the fruit according to the topographic level, which is not the case for the number of seeds per fruit. No correlation was observed between the two types of descriptors evaluated (<20%). However, the fruit variables, which are strongly correlated with the topographic units (>50%), contribute significantly to the explanation of the observed variabilities. Indeed, the slope is more favourable to the development of the peduncle (1.30cm) and to the growth of the fruit weight (2.33g and 1.23g) whereas the lowland is more favourable to the development of the fruit dimensions (15.38mm and 16.75mm). The study showed the existence of morphotypes in individuals of the species according to toposequence. The results of this study could be useful in the framework of a varietal selection and genetic improvement programme for the species, but also for its conservation and sustainable use in the Sahel

    Caractéristiques Dendrométriques de Boscia senegalensis (pers.) Lam. Ex Poir et Variabilité Morphométrique de ses Fruits Suivant la Toposéquence dans la Zone Nord du Ferlo (Sénégal)

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    L'objectif de cette Ă©tude est d'Ă©valuer la variabilitĂ© morphomĂ©trique des fruits et de la population de Boscia senegalensis en fonction de la toposĂ©quence (plateau, versant et bas-fond) dans la rĂ©gion du Ferlo, au nord du SĂ©nĂ©gal. Quinze individus de l'espèce ont Ă©tĂ© choisis au hasard, cinq par niveau topographique. Des mesures ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es sur les paramètres dendromĂ©triques (hauteur et diamètre du houppier) des individus et sur les descripteurs morphomĂ©triques des fruits (diamètres transversaux du fruit et de la graine et nombre de graines, longueur du pĂ©doncule, masses du fruit, de l'Ă©picarpe et de la pulpe visqueuse). L'analyse en composantes principales et l'analyse factorielle discriminante ont montrĂ© l'existence d'une variabilitĂ© morphomĂ©trique des fruits en fonction du niveau topographique, ce qui n'est pas le cas pour le nombre de graines par fruit. Aucune corrĂ©lation n'a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e entre les deux types de descripteurs Ă©valuĂ©s (<20%). Par contre, les variables fruits, fortement corrĂ©lĂ©es avec les unitĂ©s topographiques (>50%), contribuent significativement Ă  l'explication des variabilitĂ©s observĂ©es. En effet, la pente est plus favorable au dĂ©veloppement du pĂ©doncule (1,30cm) et Ă  la croissance du poids des fruits (2,33g et 1,23g) alors que la plaine est plus favorable au dĂ©veloppement des dimensions des fruits (15,38mm et 16,75mm). L'Ă©tude a montrĂ© l'existence de morphotypes chez les individus de l'espèce en fonction de la toposĂ©quence. Les rĂ©sultats de cette Ă©tude pourraient ĂŞtre utiles dans le cadre d'un programme de sĂ©lection variĂ©tale et d'amĂ©lioration gĂ©nĂ©tique de l'espèce, mais aussi pour sa conservation et son utilisation durable au Sahel.   The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphometric variability of the fruits and the population of Boscia senegalensis as a function of toposequence (plateau, slope and lowland) in the Ferlo region of northern Senegal. Fifteen individuals of the species were randomly selected, five per topographic level. Measurements were made on the dendrometric parameters (height and crown diameter) of the individuals and on the morphometric descriptors of the fruits (cross-sectional diameters of the fruit and seed and number of seeds, length of the peduncle, masses of the fruit, epicarp and viscous pulp). Principal component analysis and discriminant factor analysis showed the existence of morphometric variability of the fruit according to the topographic level, which is not the case for the number of seeds per fruit. No correlation was observed between the two types of descriptors evaluated (<20%). However, the fruit variables, which are strongly correlated with the topographic units (>50%), contribute significantly to the explanation of the observed variabilities. Indeed, the slope is more favourable to the development of the peduncle (1.30cm) and to the growth of the fruit weight (2.33g and 1.23g) whereas the lowland is more favourable to the development of the fruit dimensions (15.38mm and 16.75mm). The study showed the existence of morphotypes in individuals of the species according to toposequence. The results of this study could be useful in the framework of a varietal selection and genetic improvement programme for the species, but also for its conservation and sustainable use in the Sahel

    Evaluation des complications cardiaques chez les hémodialysés chroniques de Dakar

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    Introduction: L'évaluation cardiovasculaire est essentielle en hémodialyse périodique car les affections cardiovasculaires sont la première cause de mortalité chez les hémodialysés chroniques. Nous avons conduit cette étude afin de déterminer la prévalence et le type des différentes complications cardiovasculaires et d'identifier les principaux facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire. Méthodes: Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective de 4 ans portant sur les dossiers de patients traités au moins 6 mois en hémodialyse et ayant des explorations cardio-vasculaires comportant une radiographie du thorax de face, un électrocardiogramme et une échographie cardiaque. Les données épidémiologiques, cliniques, paracliniques, les aspects évolutifs des complications cardiaques ont été recueillies pour chaque patient retenu. Résultats: Trente huit dossiers de patients ont été inclus dans cette étude. L'âge moyen était de 52 ans ± 12,85 et le sex-ratio H/F de 1,53. Les complications cardiovasculaires étaient dominées par l'hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche (71,05 %), la maladie coronaire (34,21%), l'insuffisance cardiaque congestive (18,42%), Calcifications vasculaires (5,78 %), les troubles du rythme (7.89%), les fuites valvulaires mitrales (44,73%), tricuspidiennes (42,10%) et les accidents vasculaires cérébraux hémorragiques (5,26%). L'incidence moyenne de l'HVG était de 81% chez les patients hypertendus. Au cours de cette étude, 27 patients avaient poursuivi l'hémodialyse et 11 étaient décédés dont 6 de causes cardiovasculaires (54,55%). Conclusion: L'hémodialyse est une technique d'épuration qui expose les patients à de multiples complications cardiovasculaires.Pan African Medical Journal 2016; 23: 4

    Les accidents de cyclomoteurs: mécanismes lésionnels et aspects anatomo-cliniques

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    Le but de notre étude est de décrire les mécanismes lésionnels et les aspects anatomo-cliniques des  traumatismes par accident de cyclomoteur. C'est une étude transversale menée au niveau du Centre  Hospitalier Régional de Kaffrine sur une période de 12 mois. Elle portait sur les patients admis au service d'accueil pour accident de la voie publique impliquant un cyclomoteur. Il s'agissait de 129 patients (112  hommes et de 17 femmes). L'âge moyen était de 30,5 ans. Soixante-treize patients étaient conducteurs de cyclomoteur, 31 piétons et 25 passagers arrière. Le mécanisme le plus fréquent était une chute de moto. Les lésions prédominaient au niveau des membres. Les accidents de cyclomoteur sont un problème de santé publique.Key words: Cyclomoteur, lésion, mécanisme, cliniqu

    Mass testing and treatment for malaria followed by weekly fever screening, testing and treatment in Northern Senegal: feasibility, cost and impact.

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    BACKGROUND NlmCategory: BACKGROUND content: Population-wide interventions using malaria testing and treatment might decrease the reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum infection and accelerate towards elimination. Questions remain about their effectiveness and evidence from different transmission settings is needed. - Label: METHODS NlmCategory: METHODS content: "A pilot quasi-experimental study to evaluate a package of population-wide test and treat interventions was conducted in six health facility catchment areas (HFCA) in the districts of Kanel, Lingu\xC3\xA8re, and Ran\xC3\xA9rou (Senegal). Seven adjacent HFCAs were selected as comparison. Villages within the intervention HFCAs were stratified according to the 2013 incidences of passively detected malaria cases, and those with an incidence\xE2\x80\x89\xE2\x89\xA5\xE2\x80\x8915 cases/1000/year were targeted for a mass test and treat (MTAT) in September 2014. All households were visited, all consenting individuals were tested with a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and, if positive, treated with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. This was followed by weekly screening, testing and treatment of fever cases (PECADOM++) until the end of the transmission season in January 2015. Villages with lower incidence received only PECADOM++ or case investigation. To evaluate the impact of the interventions over that transmission season, the incidence of passively detected, RDT-confirmed malaria cases was compared between the intervention and comparison groups with a difference-in-difference analysis using negative binomial regression with random effects on HFCA." - Label: RESULTS NlmCategory: RESULTS content: "During MTAT, 89% (2225/2503) of households were visited and 86% (18,992/22,170) of individuals were tested, for a combined 77% effective coverage. Among those tested, 291 (1.5%) were RDT positive (range 0-10.8 by village), of whom 82% were\xE2\x80\x89<\xE2\x80\x8920\xC2\xA0years old and 70% were afebrile. During the PECADOM++ 40,002 visits were conducted to find 2784 individuals reporting fever, with an RDT positivity of 6.5% (170/2612). The combination of interventions resulted in an estimated 38% larger decrease in malaria case incidence in the intervention compared to the comparison group (adjusted incidence risk ratio\xE2\x80\x89=\xE2\x80\x890.62, 95% CI 0.45-0.84, p\xE2\x80\x89=\xE2\x80\x890.002). The cost of the MTAT was $14.3 per person." - Label: CONCLUSIONS NlmCategory: CONCLUSIONS content: It was operationally feasible to conduct MTAT and PECADOM++ with high coverage, although PECADOM++ was not an efficient strategy to complement MTAT. The modest impact of the intervention package suggests a need for alternative or complementary strategies

    Co-évaluation des innovations pour une production durable du riz dans la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal

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    Trabajo presentado en la 3ème édition de la Conférence Intensification Durable (CID), celebrada en Dakar del 24 al 26 de noviembre de 2021

    Mass testing and treatment for malaria followed by weekly fever screening, testing and treatment in Northern Senegal: feasibility, cost and impact.

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    BACKGROUND: Population-wide interventions using malaria testing and treatment might decrease the reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum infection and accelerate towards elimination. Questions remain about their effectiveness and evidence from different transmission settings is needed. METHODS: A pilot quasi-experimental study to evaluate a package of population-wide test and treat interventions was conducted in six health facility catchment areas (HFCA) in the districts of Kanel, Linguère, and Ranérou (Senegal). Seven adjacent HFCAs were selected as comparison. Villages within the intervention HFCAs were stratified according to the 2013 incidences of passively detected malaria cases, and those with an incidence ≥ 15 cases/1000/year were targeted for a mass test and treat (MTAT) in September 2014. All households were visited, all consenting individuals were tested with a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and, if positive, treated with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. This was followed by weekly screening, testing and treatment of fever cases (PECADOM++) until the end of the transmission season in January 2015. Villages with lower incidence received only PECADOM++ or case investigation. To evaluate the impact of the interventions over that transmission season, the incidence of passively detected, RDT-confirmed malaria cases was compared between the intervention and comparison groups with a difference-in-difference analysis using negative binomial regression with random effects on HFCA. RESULTS: During MTAT, 89% (2225/2503) of households were visited and 86% (18,992/22,170) of individuals were tested, for a combined 77% effective coverage. Among those tested, 291 (1.5%) were RDT positive (range 0-10.8 by village), of whom 82% were < 20 years old and 70% were afebrile. During the PECADOM++ 40,002 visits were conducted to find 2784 individuals reporting fever, with an RDT positivity of 6.5% (170/2612). The combination of interventions resulted in an estimated 38% larger decrease in malaria case incidence in the intervention compared to the comparison group (adjusted incidence risk ratio = 0.62, 95% CI 0.45-0.84, p = 0.002). The cost of the MTAT was $14.3 per person. CONCLUSIONS: It was operationally feasible to conduct MTAT and PECADOM++ with high coverage, although PECADOM++ was not an efficient strategy to complement MTAT. The modest impact of the intervention package suggests a need for alternative or complementary strategies

    Flooding in the suburbs of Dakar : impacts on the assets and adaptation strategies of households or communities

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    Since 2005, Senegal has experienced severe and recurrent flooding. In Pikine, the most populous suburb of Dakar, the 2009 floods affected a third of the population. The government mobilized major investment for drainage and water retention infrastructure, as well as for development of resettlement sites for affected households. However, little is known about the responses, expectations and solutions of those affected. To address this gap we examine the experiences of people living in the commune of Yeumbeul Nord in the city of Pikine around the flood events of 2005, 2009 and 2012. In response to flood hazard and its impact, local residents developed a set of actions to preserve their housing, workplace, goods, family health and security, and children’s schooling. Household mobilization was focused on flood water management and physical adaptations, including raising septic tanks and toilets. Affected households preferred the strategy of housing upgrading and neighbourhood improvement over the option of resettlement

    ADIOS: Architectures Deep In Output Space

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    Abstract Multi-label classification is a generalization of binary classification where the task consists in predicting sets of labels. With the availability of ever larger datasets, the multi-label setting has become a natural one in many applications, and the interest in solving multi-label problems has grown significantly. As expected, deep learning approaches are now yielding state-of-the-art performance for this class of problems. Unfortunately, they usually do not take into account the often unknown but nevertheless rich relationships between labels. In this paper, we propose to make use of this underlying structure by learning to partition the labels into a Markov Blanket Chain and then applying a novel deep architecture that exploits the partition. Experiments on several popular and large multi-label datasets demonstrate that our approach not only yields significant improvements, but also helps to overcome trade-offs specific to the multi-label classification setting
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