4 research outputs found
Controlo quĂmico de infestantes
Uma planta Ă© considerada infestante quando nasce espontaneamente num local e momento indesejados, podendo interferir negativamente com a cultura instalada.
As infestantes competem com as culturas para o espaço, a luz, ågua e nutrientes, podendo atrasar e prejudicar as operaçÔes de colheita, depreciar o produto final e assegurarem a reinfestação nas culturas seguintes.
Dado o modo de propagação diferenciado das diversas espĂ©cies de infestantes, com as anuais a propagarem-se por semente e as perenes ou vivazes a assegurarem a sua propagação atravĂ©s de ĂłrgĂŁos vegetativos (rizomas, bolbos, tubĂ©rculos, etc.), assim, tambĂ©m o seu controlo quer quĂmico, quer mecĂąnico terĂĄ que ser diferenciado, ou seja, para controlar infestantes anuais serĂĄ suficiente destruir a sua parte aĂ©rea, enquanto para controlar infestantes perenes teremos que destruir os seus ĂłrgĂŁos reprodutivos.
O controlo de infestantes poderĂĄ ser quĂmico, atravĂ©s da utilização de herbicidas, ou mecĂąnico pela utilização de alfaias agrĂcolas, tais como a charrua de aivecas, a charrua de discos, a grade de discos, o escarificador e a fresa. Quando a tĂ©cnica utilizada na instalação das culturas Ă© a sementeira directa, o controlo das infestantes terĂĄ que ser obrigatoriamente quĂmico, enquanto se o recurso Ă mobilização do solo for a tĂ©cnica mais utilizada (sistema de mobilização tradicional ou sistema de mobilização reduzida), o controlo das infestantes tanto poderĂĄ ser quĂmico como mecĂąnico.
Neste trabalho iremos abordar apenas, o controlo quĂmico de infestantes
Characterization of greater middle eastern genetic variation for enhanced disease gene discovery
The Greater Middle East (GME) has been a central hub of human migration and population admixture. The tradition of consanguinity, variably practiced in the Persian Gulf region, North Africa, and Central Asia1-3, has resulted in an elevated burden of recessive disease4. Here we generated a whole-exome GME variome from 1,111 unrelated subjects. We detected substantial diversity and admixture in continental and subregional populations, corresponding to several ancient founder populations with little evidence of bottlenecks. Measured consanguinity rates were an order of magnitude above those in other sampled populations, and the GME population exhibited an increased burden of runs of homozygosity (ROHs) but showed no evidence for reduced burden of deleterious variation due to classically theorized âgenetic purgingâ. Applying this database to unsolved recessive conditions in the GME population reduced the number of potential disease-causing variants by four- to sevenfold. These results show variegated genetic architecture in GME populations and support future human genetic discoveries in Mendelian and population genetics
BCG vaccination in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency: Complications, risks, and vaccination policies
BACKGROUND: Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a syndrome characterized by profound T-cell deficiency. BCG vaccine is contraindicated in patients with SCID. Because most countries encourage BCG vaccination at birth, a high percentage of patients with SCID are vaccinated before their immune defect is detected.
OBJECTIVES: We sought to describe the complications and risks associated with BCG vaccination in patients with SCID.
METHODS: An extensive standardized questionnaire evaluating complications, therapeutics, and outcomes regarding BCG vaccination in patients given a diagnosis of SCID was widely distributed. Summary statistics and association analysis was performed.
RESULTS: Data on 349 BCG-vaccinated patients with SCID from 28 centers in 17 countries were analyzed. Fifty-one percent of the patients had BCG-associated complications, 34% disseminated and 17% localized (a 33,000- and 400-fold increase, respectively, over the general population). Patients receiving early vaccination (â€1 month) showed an increased prevalence of complications (P = .006) and death caused by BCG-associated complications (P < .0001). The odds of experiencing complications among patients with T-cell numbers of 250/ÎŒL or less at diagnosis was 2.1 times higher (95% CI, 1.4-3.4 times higher; P = .001) than among those with T-cell numbers of greater than 250/ÎŒL. BCG-associated complications were reported in 2 of 78 patients who received antimycobacterial therapy while asymptomatic, and no deaths caused by BCG-associated complications occurred in this group. In contrast, 46 BCG-associated deaths were reported among 160 patients treated with antimycobacterial therapy for a symptomatic BCG infection (P < .0001).
CONCLUSIONS: BCG vaccine has a very high rate of complications in patients with SCID, which increase morbidity and mortality rates. Until safer and more efficient antituberculosis vaccines become available, delay in BCG vaccination should be considered to protect highly vulnerable populations from preventable complications.Fil: GĂłmez Raccio, Andrea C.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños ; ArgentinaFil: Orellana, Julio Cesar. Provincia de CĂłrdoba. Hospital de Niños de la SantĂsima Trinidad. DivisiĂłn de Alergia e InmunologĂa ClĂnica; ArgentinaFil: Liberatore, Diana. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Bezrodnik, Liliana. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Marciano, Beatriz E.. National Institutes of Health; Estados UnidosFil: Huang, Chiung Yu. National Institutes of Health; Estados UnidosFil: Joshi, Gyan. National Institutes of Health; Estados UnidosFil: Rezaei, Nima. Teheran University of Medical Sciences. Children's Medical Center
Hospital. Pediatric Center of Excellence; IrĂĄnFil: Costa Carvalho, Beatriz. Federal University of SĂŁo Paulo; BrasilFil: Cunha, Luciana. Federal University of Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Pinto, Jorge A.. Federal University of Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Espinosa Padilla, Sara E.. SecretarĂa de Salud. Instituto Nacional de PediatrĂa; MĂ©xicoFil: Hernandez Nieto, Leticia. SecretarĂa de Salud. Instituto Nacional de PediatrĂa; MĂ©xicoFil: Elfeky, Reem A.. Ain Shams University; EgiptoFil: Ariga, Tadashi. Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; JapĂłnFil: Toshio, Heike. Kyoto University Hospital; JapĂłnFil: Dogu, Figen. Ankara University Medical School; TurquĂaFil: Cipe, Funda. Ankara University Medical School; TurquĂaFil: Formankova, Renata. Charles University; RepĂșblica Checa. University Hospital Motol; RepĂșblica ChecaFil: Nuñez Nuñez, M. Enriqueta. Western National Medical Center; MĂ©xicoFil: Gonçalo Marques, Jose. Santa MarĂa Hospital. Lisbon Academic Center; PortugalFil: Pereira, MarĂa I.. Provincia de CĂłrdoba. Hospital de Niños de la SantĂsima Trinidad. DivisiĂłn de Alergia e InmunologĂa ClĂnica; ArgentinaFil: Listello, Viviana. Provincia de CĂłrdoba. Hospital de Niños de la SantĂsima Trinidad. DivisiĂłn de Alergia e InmunologĂa ClĂnica; ArgentinaFil: Slatter, Mary A.. Great North Children's Hospital; Reino UnidoFil: Nademi, Zohreh. Great North Children's Hospital; Reino UnidoFil: Kowalczyk, Danuta. Children's University Hospital. Department of
Clinical Immunology and Transplantology; PoloniaFil: Fleisher, Thomas A.. National Institutes of Health; Estados UnidosFil: Davies, Graham. Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children; Reino UnidoFil: Neven, Bénédicte. Necker Hospital. Immunology-Hematology and Rheumatology Service; FranciaFil: Rosenzweig, Sergio D.. National Institute of Health. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious. Laboratory of Host Defenses. Primary Immunodeficiency Clinic and Infectious Diseases Susceptibility Unit; Estados Unido
Primary T-cell immunodeficiency with functional revertant somatic mosaicism in CD247
Depto. de InmunologĂa, OftalmologĂa y ORLFac. de MedicinaTRUEMinisterio de EconomĂa y Competitividad (MINECO)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Comunidad de MadridFundacion LairUniversidad Complutense de Madridpu