Diversity and antimicrobial potential of culturable heterotrophic bacteria associated with the endemic marine sponge Arenosclera brasiliensis

Marine sponges are the oldest Metazoa, very often presenting a complex microbial consortium. Such is the case of the marine sponge Arenosclera brasiliensis, endemic to Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. In this investigation we characterized the diversity of some of the culturable heterotrophic bacteria living in association with A. brasiliensis and determined their antimicrobial activity. The genera Endozoicomonas (N = 32), Bacillus (N = 26), Shewanella (N = 17), Pseudovibrio (N = 12), and Ruegeria (N = 8) were dominant among the recovered isolates, corresponding to 97% of all isolates. Approximately one third of the isolates living in association with A. brasiliensis produced antibiotics that inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, suggesting that bacteria associated with this sponge play a role in its health

Taxonomic and Functional Microbial Signatures of the Endemic Marine Sponge Arenosclera brasiliensis

The endemic marine sponge Arenosclera brasiliensis (Porifera, Demospongiae, Haplosclerida) is a known source of secondary metabolites such as arenosclerins A-C. In the present study, we established the composition of the A. brasiliensis microbiome and the metabolic pathways associated with this community. We used 454 shotgun pyrosequencing to generate approximately 640,000 high-quality sponge-derived sequences (∼150 Mb). Clustering analysis including sponge, seawater and twenty-three other metagenomes derived from marine animal microbiomes shows that A. brasiliensis contains a specific microbiome. Fourteen bacterial phyla (including Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Cloroflexi) were consistently found in the A. brasiliensis metagenomes. The A. brasiliensis microbiome is enriched for Betaproteobacteria (e.g., Burkholderia) and Gammaproteobacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas and Alteromonas) compared with the surrounding planktonic microbial communities. Functional analysis based on Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (RAST) indicated that the A. brasiliensis microbiome is enriched for sequences associated with membrane transport and one-carbon metabolism. In addition, there was an overrepresentation of sequences associated with aerobic and anaerobic metabolism as well as the synthesis and degradation of secondary metabolites. This study represents the first analysis of sponge-associated microbial communities via shotgun pyrosequencing, a strategy commonly applied in similar analyses in other marine invertebrate hosts, such as corals and algae. We demonstrate that A. brasiliensis has a unique microbiome that is distinct from that of the surrounding planktonic microbes and from other marine organisms, indicating a species-specific microbiome

Polyketide Synthase Gene Diversity within the Microbiome of the Sponge Arenosclera brasiliensis, Endemic to the Southern Atlantic Ocean

Submitted by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-01-19T10:47:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 bruno_andrade_etal_IOC_2013.pdf: 1925975 bytes, checksum: fd6a9d135ccfaef6c7c3d200e7beb2f5 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-01-19T11:00:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bruno_andrade_etal_IOC_2013.pdf: 1925975 bytes, checksum: fd6a9d135ccfaef6c7c3d200e7beb2f5 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-19T11:00:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bruno_andrade_etal_IOC_2013.pdf: 1925975 bytes, checksum: fd6a9d135ccfaef6c7c3d200e7beb2f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Química de São Carlos. São Carlos, SP, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.San Diego State University. Department of Computer Science. San Diego, California, USA.Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Química de São Carlos. São Carlos, SP, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Microbes associated with marine sponges are considered important producers of bioactive, structurally unique polyketides. The synthesis of such secondary metabolites involves type I polyketide synthases (PKSs), which are enzymes that reach a maximum complexity degree in bacteria. The Haplosclerida sponge Arenosclera brasiliensis hosts a complex microbiota and is the source of arenosclerins, alkaloids with cytotoxic and antibacterial activity. In the present investigation, we performed high-throughput sequencing of the ketosynthase (KS) amplicon to investigate the diversity of PKS genes present in the metagenome of A. brasiliensis. Almost 4,000 ketosynthase reads were recovered, with about 90% annotated automatically as bacterial. A total of 235 bacterial KS contigs was rigorously assembled from this sequence pool and submitted to phylogenetic analysis. A great diversity of six type I PKS groups has been consistently detected in our phylogenetic reconstructions, including a novel and A. brasiliensisexclusive group. Our study is the first to reveal the diversity of type I PKS genes in A. brasiliensis as well as the potential of its microbiome to serve as a source of new polyketides

Environmental conditions affect activity and associated microorganisms of marine sponges

Changes in environmental conditions can influence sponges and their holobionts. The present study investigated the effect of upwelling and anthropogenic pollution on the bioactivity of marine sponges, microbial communities and functional genes, and composition of their chemical compounds. The species Dysidea etheria, Darwinella sp., Hymeniacidon heliophila and Tedania ignis were collected from areas with distinct influence of upwelling and low anthropogenic impact and from areas without influence of upwelling but affected by sewage and the port. In most cases, the same sponge species collected from areas with distinct environmental conditions had a different chemical composition, antifouling activity, composition and diversity of associated microorganisms. Antimicrobial, quorum sensing inhibitory and anti-larval activities of sponge extracts were more pronounced in the area without upwelling showing higher level of anthropogenic pollution. This study suggests that upwelling and anthropogenic pollution affect the chemical activity and holobiome composition of sponges

Avaliação econômica das perdas de banana no mercado varejista: um estudo de caso

O objetivo do presente estudo foi a determinação das perdas físicas e econômicas de banana em diferentes equipamentos varejistas na Cidade de Botucatu - SP e suas possíveis causas. Os equipamentos foram sorteados aleatoriamente. As informações foram coletadas através da aplicação de questionário para a determinação das perdas de três variedades de banana. O resultado mostrou perda global de 39 toneladas, correspondente a 11,1% da quantidade comercializada, sendo 10,5% em supermercados, 15,0% em quitandas/sacolões e 10,6% em feiras livres. O valor total das perdas anuais atingiu R$35.038,00, em valores de maio de 2002. A manipulação excessiva do cliente, excedente de oferta, uso de embalagem inadequada e baixa qualidade da fruta foram as principais causas de perdas. Conclui-se pela necessidade de conscientização do cliente, do uso de embalagens plásticas e de cuidados no manuseio da fruta durante toda pós-colheita.The objective of this research was to determinate the physics and economic banana's loss and its possible reason, in several retail trades in the city of Botucatu - SP. The equipments were drawn aleatory. The information were collected through questions applied to people to determine the annual loss of three different varieties of banana. The results showed that all loss was 39 ton., that represents 11,1$ R$ 35.038,00, in values of may/2002. The excessive handling by the client, excess offering inadequate packing, and low quality of fruit were the most important cause of losses. It was possible to conclude that, the client's behavior should be better, the plastic packing utilization, and caution in the handling during all the post harvest process

Comparison of the metagenomes of marine organism-associated microbiomes.

<p>(A) Cladogram representing the similarities in the taxonomic profiles of the best BLASTn hits for the reads. (B) Cladogram representing the fraction of cross-contigs (i.e., shared contigs that contain reads from two or more metagenomes) after cross-assembly. We used available shotgun metagenomic samples from the Australian sponge <i>Cymbastela concentrica</i> [PMID: 20520651], healthy and morbid fish [PMID: 18337718], the mussel species <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> and <i>M. edulis</i> [PMID: 20111607] and a whale fall [PMID: 15845853]. Four water samples are included for comparison: two from this study and two from a study on <i>C. concentrica</i> [PMID: 20520651]. Cladograms were created with BioNJ <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039905#pone.0039905-Gascuel1" target="_blank">[34]</a>, as explained in the <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039905#s2" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a> section.</p