Actitudes y expectativas del uso educativo de las redes sociales en los alumnos universitarios

Les xarxes socials, que els últims anys han comportat una autèntica revolució en la manera de relacionar-se, encara continuen essent poc presents en l'àmbit acadèmic: les ocasions en què es fan servir són aïllades i poques tenen continuïtat. En aquest context, volem reflexionar sobre l'actitud que els mateixos estudiants tenen envers l'ús, l'aprofitament didàctic i les potencialitats que les xarxes socials presenten en l'àmbit educatiu. Per a aquesta reflexió ens hem valgut d'una enquesta feta entre els estudiants. La intenció és que l'estudi d'aquesta actitud inicial sigui el pas previ necessari per a trobar les claus perquè l'alumnat accepti i materialitzi el potencial educatiu de les xarxes socials.In the last few years, social networks have revolutionised the way in which many people relate to each other, but their use is still very limited in the academic field. When they are used, the experiences tend to be very isolated and lacking in continuity. In this context, and by means of a questionnaire, our objective is to bring an element of reflection on students' attitudes towards the use of social networks in general, and their use and potential in an educational context in particular. The aim is to compel students to think about these attitudes as a vital first step in getting them to accept and realise the educational potential of social networks.Las redes sociales, que en los últimos años han supuesto una auténtica revolución en la forma de relacionarse, todavía siguen siendo algo poco presente en el ámbito académico: las ocasiones en que se utilizan son aisladas y pocas gozan de continuidad. En ese contexto, pretendemos reflexionar acerca de la actitud que los propios estudiantes tienen con respecto del uso, del aprovechamiento didáctico y de las potencialidades que las redes sociales presentan en el ámbito educativo. Para esta reflexión nos hemos valido de una encuesta realizada entre los estudiantes. La intención es que el estudio de esta actitud inicial sea el paso previo necesario para hallar las claves para que el alumnado acepte y materialice el potencial educativo de las redes sociales

Social networks and higher education: The attitudes of university students towards the educational use of social networks, back to test

In a context in which social networks continue to advance in its social use, this study aims to investigate the attitudes of university students towards the educational use of social networks. Through a questionnaire we have interrogated a sample (N = 141) of new students on their knowledge and use of social networks, in their personal and academic lives. Our main results certify that students use much social networks in their personal life but not in their academic tasks, partly because of the lack of initiative of teachers to use them. In any case, no major misgivings for their incorporation are observed, and attitudes are generally better than those documented in previous studies. Therefore, we can proceed to incorporate social networks normally into university life.En un contexto en que las redes sociales siguen avanzando en su uso social, este estudio se propone investigar acerca de las actitudes de los estudiantes universitarios hacia el uso educativo de las redes sociales. Por medio de un cuestionario, se interroga a una muestra (N=141) de estudiantes de nuevo acceso sobre su conocimiento y su uso de las redes sociales, en la vida personal y académica. Los principales resultados certifican que los estudiantes usan mucho las redes sociales en la vida personal pero no en la vida académica, en parte debido a la falta de iniciativa de los profesores en su uso. En cualquier caso, no se observan grandes reservas en el alumnado acerca de la bondad de su incorporación, y las actitudes son generalmente mejores que las documentados en estudios previos. Por lo tanto, podemos proceder a incorporar las redes sociales en la vida universitaria con normalidad

Design of a Tutorship Program to Favour The Labour Insertion of New Nursing Professionals

Se presenta el diseño de un programa de e-tutoría como soporte y acompañamiento a los profesionales de enfermería noveles con el fin de facilitar su inserción laboral. La revisión bibliográfica efectuada hace pensar que el sistema de tutoría propuesto puede favorecer la incorporación laboral. En este artículo se analizan algunos de los diferentes aspectos y componentes que hay que tener en cuenta al diseñar un programa de e-tutoría: tutores, entorno virtual, modalidades de comunicación, material de soporte, plan de trabajo, para finalizar se presenta una guía básica que puede servir como punto de partida para implantar programas de tutoría virtual.We presents the design of a tutorship program as for giving support the new nursing professionals in order to facilitate his labour insertion. The bibliographical carried out review makes us thinking that the system of tutorship proposed can favor the labour incorporation. In this article we have analyzed some of the different aspects and components that it is necessary to considerate for designing a tutorship program: tutors, virtual environment, communication modalities, support material and workplan. Finally, we present a basic guide as starting point for implementing virtual tutorship programs

Effect of monovalency on anti-contactin-1 IgG4

Altres ajuts: Agence Nationale pour le Développement de la Recherche en Santé ; Association Française contre les Myopathies ; ArgenxAutoimmune nodopathies (AN) have been diagnosed in a subset of patients fulfilling criteria for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) who display no or poor response to intravenous immunoglobulins. Biomarkers of AN are autoantibodies, mainly IgG4, directed against the ternary paranodal complex composed by neurofascin-155, contactin-1 (CNTN1), and Contactin-associated-protein-1 (CASPR1) or against the nodal isoforms of neurofascin. IgG4 can undergo a Fab-arm exchange (FAE) which results in functionally monovalent antibody. This phenomenon differentially affects the pathogenicity of IgG4 depending on the target of autoantibodies. Here, we have evaluated this issue by examining the impact of valency on anti-CNTN1 IgG4 which induces paranodal destruction through a function blocking activity. Sera were obtained from 20 patients with AN associated with anti-CNTN1 antibodies. The proportion of monospecific/bispecific anti-CNTN1 antibodies was estimated in each patient by ELISA by examining the ability of serum antibodies to cross-link untagged CNTN1 with biotinylated CNTN1. To determine the impact of monovalency, anti-CNTN1 IgG4 were enzymatically digested into monovalent Fab and tested in vitro on cell aggregation assay. Also, intraneural injections were performed to determine whether monovalent Fab and native IgG4 may penetrate paranode, and antibody infiltration was monitored 1- and 3-days post injection. We found that the percentage of monospecific antibodies were lower than 5% in 14 out of 20 patients (70%), suggesting that IgG4 have undergone extensive FAE in situ. The levels of monospecific antibodies correlated with the titers of anti-CNTN1 antibodies. However, no correlation was found with clinical severity, and patients with low or high percentage of monospecific antibodies similarly showed a severe phenotype. Native anti-CNTN1 IgG4 were shown to inhibit the interaction between cells expressing CNTN1/CASPR1 and cells expressing neurofascin-155 using an in vitro aggregation assay. Similarly, monovalent Fab significantly inhibited the interaction between CNTN1/CASPR1 and neurofascin-155. Intraneural injections of Fab and native anti-CNTN1 IgG4 indicated that both mono- and bivalent anti-CNTN1 IgG4 potently penetrated the paranodal regions and completely invaded this region by day 3. Altogether, these data indicate anti-CNTN1 IgG4 are mostly bispecific in patients, and that functionally monovalent anti-CNTN1 antibodies have the pathogenic potency to alter paranode

Hypoxia triggers IFN-I production in muscle: Implications in dermatomyositis

Dermatomyositis is an inflammatory myopathy characterized by symmetrical proximal muscle weakness and skin changes. Muscle biopsy hallmarks include perifascicular atrophy, loss of intramuscular capillaries, perivascular and perimysial inflammation and the overexpression of IFN-inducible genes. Among them, the retinoic-acid inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) is specifically overexpressed in perifascicular areas of dermatomyositis muscle. The aim of this work was to study if RIG-I expression may be modulated by hypoxia using an in vitro approach. We identified putative hypoxia response elements (HRE) in RIG-I regulatory regions and luciferase assays confirmed that RIG-I is a new HIF-inducible gene. We observed an increase expression of RIG-I both by Real time PCR and Western blot in hypoxic conditions in human muscle cells. Cell transfection with a constitutive RIG-I expression vector increased levels of phospho-IRF-3, indicating that RIG-I promotes binding of transcription factors to the enhancer sequence of IFN. Moreover, release of IFN-beta was observed in hypoxic conditions. Finally, HIF-1 alpha overexpression was confirmed in the muscle biopsies and in some RIG-I positive perifascicular muscle fibres but not in controls. Our results indicate that hypoxia triggers the production of IFN-I in vitro, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of DM together with other inflammatory factors

IgG4 Valency Modulates the Pathogenicity of Anti-Neurofascin-155 IgG4 in Autoimmune Nodopathy

Altres ajuts: Agence Nationale pour la Recherche; Association Française contre les Myopathies (23593).Background and Objective s : IgG4 autoantibodies to neurofascin-155 (Nfasc155) are associated with a subgroup of patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), currently named autoimmune nodopathy. We previously demonstrated that those antibodies alter conduction along myelinated axons by inducing Nfasc155 depletion and paranode destruction. In blood, IgG4 have the potency to exchange their moiety with other unrelated IgG4 through a process called Fab-arm exchange (FAE). This process results in functionally monovalent antibodies and may affect the pathogenicity of autoantibodies. Here, we examined this issue and whether FAE is beneficial or detrimental for Nfasc155 autoimmune nodopathy. Methods : The bivalency and monospecificity of anti-Nfasc155 were examined by sandwich ELISA in 10 reactive patients, 10 unreactive CIDP patients, and 10 healthy controls. FAE was induced in vitro using reduced glutathione and unreactive IgG4, and the ratio of the : light chain was monitored. To determine the pathogenic potential of bivalent anti-Nfasc155 IgG4, autoantibodies derived from patients were enzymatically cleaved into monovalent Fab and bivalent F(ab')2 or swapped with unreactive IgG4 and then were injected in neonatal animals. Results : Monospecific bivalent IgG4 against Nfasc155 were detected in the serum of all reactive patients, indicating that a fraction of IgG4 have not undergone FAE in situ. These IgG4 were, nonetheless, capable of engaging into FAE with unreactive IgG4 in vitro, and this decreased the levels of monospecific antibodies and modulated the ratio of the : light chain. When injected in animals, monovalent anti-Nfasc155 Fab did not alter the formation of paranodes; by contrast, both native anti-Nfasc155 IgG4 and F(ab')2 fragments strongly impaired paranode formation. The promotion of FAE with unreactive IgG4 also strongly diminished the pathogenic potential of anti-Nfasc155 IgG4 in animals and decreased IgG4 clustering on Schwann cells. Discussion : Our findings demonstrate that monospecific and bivalent anti-Nfasc155 IgG4 are detected in patients and that those autoantibodies are the pathogenic ones. The transformation of anti-Nfasc155 IgG4 into monovalent Fab or functionally monovalent IgG4 through FAE strongly decreases paranodal alterations. Bivalency thus appears crucial for Nfasc155 clustering and paranode destruction

Proteasome inhibitors reduce thrombospondin-1 release in human dysferlin-deficient myotubes

Altres ajuts: This project has been funded by projects from the Fundación Isabel Gemio to II, EG and JDM and by Fundación Ramón Areces (CIVP18A3903) to NdL.Dysferlinopathies are a group of muscle disorders causing muscle weakness and absence or low levels of dysferlin, a type-II transmembrane protein and the causative gene of these dystrophies. Dysferlin is implicated in vesicle fusion, trafficking, and membrane repair. Muscle biopsy of patients with dysferlinopathy is characterized by the presence of inflammatory infiltrates. Studies in the muscle of both human and mouse models of dysferlinopathy suggest dysferlin deficient muscle plays a role in this inflammation by releasing thrombospondin-1. It has also been reported that vitamin D3 treatment enhances dysferlin expression. The ubiquitin-proteasome system recognizes and removes proteins that fail to fold or assemble properly and previous studies suggest that its inhibition could have a therapeutic effect in muscle dystrophies. Here we assessed whether inhibition of the ubiquitin proteasome system prevented degradation of dysferlin in immortalized myoblasts from a patients with two missense mutations in exon 44. To assess proteasome inhibition we treated dysferlin deficient myotubes with EB1089, a vitamin D3 analog, oprozomib and ixazomib. Western blot was performed to analyze the effect of these treatments on the recovery of dysferlin and myogenin expression. TSP-1 was quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to analyze the effect of these drugs on its release. A membrane repair assay was designed to assess the ability of treated myotubes to recover after membrane injury and fusion index was also measured with the different treatments. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey post hoc test and analysis of variance. A p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Treatment with proteasome inhibitors and EB1089 resulted in a trend towards an increase in dysferlin and myogenin expression. Furthermore, EB1089 and proteasome inhibitors reduced the release of TSP-1 in myotubes. However, no effect was observed on the repair of muscle membrane after injury. Our findings indicate that the ubiquitin-proteasome system might not be the main mechanism of mutant dysferlin degradation. However, its inhibition could help to improve muscle inflammation by reducing TSP-1 release. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-020-03756-7

Factores sociológicos que influyen en el desarrollo de la depresión en las mujeres

Es importante conocer los factores causales de la depresión desde un punto de vista social ya que se olvidan fácilmente en el campo de la salud. Enmarcamos este trabajo dentro de la sociología de la salud, que es una ciencia muy desarrollada en EE.UU. pero muy poco en España. Conocer las causas y consecuencias de la depresión en las mujeres y en cómo los valores, comportamientos, roles y actitudes asignados a las mujeres en nuestra cultura aparecen como factores relacionados con la depresión utilizando el enfoque de género, pero sin dejar de lado en cómo ésta afecta a los hombres.Is important to understand the causal factors of depression from a social standpoint because it is easily forgotten in the health field. We frame this work in the sociology of health, which is a highly developed science in the U.S. but very little on Spain. Try to learn the causes and consequences of depression in women and how the values, behaviours, attitudes and roles assigned to women in our culture are all factors related to depression using the gender approach, but without forgetting how it affects me

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy associated with contactin-1 antibodies in a child

A previously healthy 2-year and 9-month old boy was brought to the emergency department for a 6-day history of weakness in the legs and frequent falls, rendering him unable to walk 1 day before admission. He did not have pain, dysphagia, bladder dysfunction, or sensory symptoms. There was no history of trauma, but he developed diarrhea 3 days before symptom onset. Family history was negative for consanguinity or neurologic diseases. At examination, he had bilateral leg weakness requiring substantial aid to walk a few steps and was unable to stand up from the floor. He had absent tendon reflexes in the lower extremities and flexor plantar responses. Strength and reflexes in upper extremities and the rest of the examination were normal. CSF showed a protein concentration of 125 mg/dL (NR: 15-45), with normal white blood cell count and glucose concentration