Oxidative damage and cell-programmed death induced in Zea mays L. by allelochemical stress

The allelochemical stress on Zea mays was analyzed by using walnut husk washing waters (WHWW), a by-product of Juglans regia post-harvest process, which possesses strong allelopathic potential and phytotoxic effects. Oxidative damage and cell-programmed death were induced by WHWW in roots of maize seedlings. Treatment induced ROS burst, with excess of H2O2 content. Enzymatic activities of catalase were strongly increased during the first hours of exposure. The excess in malonildialdehyde following exposure to WHWW confirmed that oxidative stress severely damaged maize roots. Membrane alteration caused a decrease in NADPH oxidase activity along with DNA damage as confirmed by DNA laddering. The DNA instability was also assessed through sequence-related amplified polymorphism assay, thus suggesting the danger of walnut processing by-product and focusing the attention on the necessity of an efficient treatment of WHWW

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS AÇÕES DE SEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR E NUTRICIONAL EM INDIVÍDUOS COM HIV: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS AÇÕES DE SEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR E NUTRICIONAL EM INDIVÍDUOS COM HIV: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIV

Estimativa de oferta de vitamina D em Programas dirigidos à população HIV/AIDS

Nesse momento com a maior atenção dos serviços de saúde direcionada a atender a demanda criada pela COVID-19, há uma preocupação pelo impacto que a atual pandemia pode causar nessa população, principalmente deficiência de vitaminas e minerais. Com isso, o intuito desse trabalho foi identificar o conteúdo de vitaminas D nos Programas que envolvem distribuição de alimentos e analisar a oferta desta vitamina e o nível de adequação à RDA para esse grupo populacional. Foi conduzida uma busca de estudos nas bases de dados da Medline/Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Lilacs, Livivo e Open Grey. Dos 259 resumos identificados, apenas 12 estudos selecionados para a extração de dados, no qual foram expostos em figuras de acordo com a caracterização, distribuição de indicadores usados e estimativa de colecalciferol nos alimentos distribuídos. Esse estudo reforça a importância das ações de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, além disso, sugere a incorporação de marcadores específicos do status nutricional de vitamina D em futuros Programas destinados a PVHIV visto a importância desta vitamina nesses indivíduos

Pure apraxia of speech due to infarct in premotor cortex

Apraxia of speech (AOS) is now recognized as an articulation disorder distinct from dysarthria and aphasia. Various lesions have been associated with AOS in studies that are limited in precise localization due to variability in size and type of pathology. We present a case of pure AOS in setting of an acute stroke to localize more precisely than ever before the brain area responsible for AOS, dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC). The dPMC is in unique position to plan and coordinate speech production by virtue of its connection with nearby motor cortex harboring corticobulbar tract, supplementary motor area, inferior frontal operculum, and temporo-parietal area via the dorsal stream of dual-stream model of speech processing. The role of dPMC is further supported as part of dorsal stream in the dual-stream model of speech processing as well as controller in the hierarchical state feedback control model

The algal diversity in the Phlegrean Fields (Campania, Italy) archeological districts: an overview

The coexistence of several ecological conditions (hot springs, streams, mud, rock walls), characterized by different pH, temperature values, water potential and mineralogical makes the Phlegrean Fields as an ideal area for the analysis of the microalgal assemblages and their relationships with the different microhabitats occurring in the sites. Here we report an overview of the algal diversity within the archaeological and geothermal areas of Phlegrean Fields and the adaptability for most of them to acidic and thermal conditions in the volcanic soils

The algal diversity in the Phlegrean Fields (Campania, Italy) archeological districts: an overview

The coexistence of several ecological conditions (hot springs, streams, mud, rock walls), characterized by different pH, temperature values, water potential and mineralogical makes the Phlegrean Fields as an ideal area for the analysis of the microalgal assemblages and their relationships with the different microhabitats occurring in the sites. Here we report an overview of the algal diversity within the archaeological and geothermal areas of Phlegrean Fields and the adaptability for most of them to acidic and thermal conditions in the volcanic soils

Cyanidiophyceae in Iceland: Plastid rbcL gene elucidates origin and dispersal of extremophilic Galdieria sulphuraria and G. maxima (Galdieriaceae, Rhodophyta)

The Cyanidiophyceae are a group of unicellular organisms that diverged from ancestral red algae around 1.3 billion years ago. Present-day species are restricted to hot springs and geothermal habitats from around the world. Because of discontinuous geothermal environments, the distribution patterns and dispersal modes of the cyanidiophycean species are poorly understood. Iceland is the third largest island in the Atlantic Ocean and has intense underground volcanic activity that generates broad hydrothermal areas with different ecological conditions that are excellent for thermoacidophilic microfloral development. We analyzed populations to address the Icelandic cyanidiophycean biodiversity and dispersal. A global rbcL phylogeny showed two main populations inhabiting Iceland, Galdieria sulphuraria and G. maxima. Their areas of distribution are not completely superimposed because they coexisted only in New Zealand, Kamchatka (Russia), Japan, and Iceland. Because of the strong monophyly of Icelandic species with Japanese and Russian species, we hypothesized an origin and dispersion of Icelandic G. suphuraria and G. maxima from northeastern Asia. On the basis of network analysis of rbcL haplotypes, it is likely that the southwestern region of Iceland is the diversity center of both G. sulphuraria and G. maxima

Cyanidium chilense (Cyanidiophyceae, Rhodophyta) from tuff rocks of the archeological site of Cuma, Italy

Phlegrean Fields is a large volcanic area situated southwest of Naples (Italy), including both cave and thermoacidic habitats. These extreme environments host the genus Cyanidium; the species C. chilense represents a common phototrophic micro- organism living in anthropogenic caves. With a view to provide a comprehensive characterization for a correct taxonomic classification, morpho-ultrastructural investigations ofC. chilense from Syb’s cave (Phlegren Fields) was herein car-ried out and compared with the thermoacidophilic C. caldarium. The biofilm was also analyzed to define the roleofC. chilensein the establishment of a bio film within caveenvironments. Despite the peculiar ecological and molecular divergences,C. chilenseandC. caldariumshared all the maindiacritic features, suggesting morphological convergence within the genus; cytological identity was found amongC. chilensestrains geographically distant and adapted to different substrates, such as the porous yellow tuff of Sybil cave and calcyte, magnesite and basaltic rocks from other caves. C. chilense is generally dominant in all biofilms, developing monospecific islets, developing both super ficially or betweenfungal hyphae and coccoid cyanobacteria. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were recorded in C. chilense bio filmsfrom Sybil cave, confirming the role of EPS in facilitating cellsadhesion to the surface, creating a cohesive network of inter-connecting biofilm cell

Qualidade da Proteína dos Pescados mais consumidos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro/Brasil – uma estratégia para mitigar a Insegurança Alimentar e Nutricional

A insegurança alimentar e nutricional (IAN), continua sendo prevalente tanto em países subdesenvolvidos como em desenvolvimento. A recente pandemia pela COVID-19, acarretou um cenário de desemprego, escassez da produção, distribuição e disponibilidade de alimentos no Brasil e no mundo, aumentando assim, o grupo de risco de IAN. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo, identificar os pescados mais consumidos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e explorar dados de sua composição proteica que podem ser benéficos na prevenção da IAN. Foi realizada uma pesquisa transversal usando bases de dados secundários de órgãos Nacionais: Secretaria de Agricultura e Pesca (SAP) do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento do Brasil (MAPA), Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) .Após a obtenção dos pescados mais consumidos ,foram calculados os teores de proteína e de aminoácidos comumente mais limitantes nas dietas, e determinados: o escore químico  de aminoácidos (EQ) , o escore químico de aminoácidos corrigido pela digestibilidade verdadeira (PDCAAS) e o nível de adequação nutricional para adultos. Os resultados revelaram que os pescados consumidos têm teor de proteína, semelhante à outras carnes, e é de alto valor biológico. Ao mesmo tempo, o aminograma das espécies marinhas revelou ser capaz de proporcionar elevada adequação nutricional às necessidades de adultos. Assim, esse trabalho destaca a relevância dos recursos marinhos para a saúde humana e sua utilização como estratégia para minimizar a insegurança alimentar e nutricional