12 research outputs found
Fertility in Cebú × brown Swiss cows treated with prostaglandins, progesterone and eCG
Objective: To evaluate the application of 1 or 2 doses of prostaglandin F2? (PGF2?), the use of progestogen on different days of the estrous cycle, and the use of eCG in estrus and fertility synchronization of Zebu × Brown Swiss cows.
Design / Methodology / Approach: The study was based on three protocols. Protocol 1 consisted of two treatments: PGI) 26 cows were injected with a single dose of 25 mg PGF2?, and 10 cows with two doses of 25 mg PGF2? with a 14 day interval. Protocol 2 consisted of two treatments: NG14) 11 cows were implanted with 3 mg Norgestomet on day 7 of the estrous cycle, and NG7) 11 animals received the same dose on day 14. In protocol 3, all the cows were implanted with 3 mg Norgestomet for 9 days, 48 h before removing the implant, 25 mg PGF2? was applied. Once the implant was removed, the cows were distributed into two treatments. Norgestomet (n=11) without eCG and Norgestomet + eCG (500 IU) (n=11).
Results: The application of PGF2? on two occasions had no influence (p> 0.05) on the percentages of estrus or pregnancies. NG7 achieved estrus synchronization in 81.8% of the cows between 24 and 36 h, compared with 45.4% of NG14; however, the pregnancy rate was lower (p<0.05). The application of eCG synchronized 90.9% estrus between 24 and 36 h, compared with 36.4% in the group where no eCG was applied.
Study limitations / implications: The use of transrectal ultrasound is required to evaluate the ovarian structures present at the time of initiating an estrus synchronization protocol.
Findings / conclusions: Cows that present corpus luteum do not require more than one injection of PGF2?, the percentage of pregnancy increases when Norgestomet is implanted on day 14 of the estrous cycle, in addition the application of eCG increases the percentage of synchronization of heat of the 24 to 36 h after withdrawal of progestogenObjective: To evaluate the application of one or two doses of prostaglandin F2?(PGF2?), the application of a progestogen on different days of the estrous cycle and theusage of eCG in the estrus synchronization and fertility of Zebu × Brown Swiss cows.Design / methodology / approach: The study was based on three protocols. The firstconsisted of two treatments: PGI) 26 cows were injected with a single 25 mg dose ofPGF2? and 10 cows with two 25 mg doses of PGF2? at a 14-day interval. Protocol 2consisted of two treatments: NG14) 11 cows were implanted with 3 mg of Norgestometon day 7 of their estrous cycle and NG7) 11 animals received the same dose on day 14.In protocol 3 all cows were implanted with 3 mg of Norgestomet for 9 days, 48 h beforeremoving the implant, 25 mg of PGF2? was applied. Once the implants were removed,they were distributed into two treatments. Norgestomet (n = 11) without eCG andNorgestomet + eCG (500 IU) (n = 11).
Results: The application of PGF2? at two times had no influence (p &gt; 0.05) in theestrous percentages and conception. The NG7 achieved estrous synchronization in 81.8% of the cows, in between 24 and 36 h, compared to 45.4 % of the NG14; however, theconception rate was lower (p ? 0.05). The eCG application synchronized 90.9 % ofestrous between 24 and 36 h, compared with 36.4 % of the group with no eCGapplication.Study limitations / implications: Transrectal ultrasounds are required to assess theovarian structures present at the time of the estrus onset in a synchronization protocol.Findings / conclusions: Cows that present corpus luteum do not require more thanone injection of PGF2?, the pregnancy percentage increases when Norgestomet isimplanted on day 14 of the estrous cycle, in addition the application of eCG increasesthe synchronization percentage of the heat between 24 to 36 h after the progestogenwithdrawal
Induction of estrus as a strategy to improve the economic efficiency of the sheep flock
Productivity and profitability in sheep production systems are strongly influenced by the reproductive capacity of the flock.
Objective: To evaluate the use of reproductive biotechnologies (e.g., the induction of estrus) and its impact on the economic efficiency and the productive and reproductive performance of technified sheep production systems, during the seasonal anestrus.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Four-hundred recently weaned (60 days postpartum) ewes of the Katahdin breed were randomly divided into two treatments: T1 = natural mating (n= 200) and T2 = induction of estrus (n=200). Estrus was induced through the application of intravaginal sponges, impregnated with 20 mg of chronolone, plus the injection of 400 IU of Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin. The aim was to evaluate the reproductive and economic efficiency of the flock.
Results: The induction of estrus during the seasonal anestrus recorded increases (p<0.001) in prolificacy (32%), fertility (86%), and kilograms of lamb weaned per year per ewe (48%), while decreases (p <0.05) were recorded in the number of open days (25%), calving interval (11%), cost per open days (23%), and the kilograms of lamb required per ewe per year (10%).
Study Limitations/Implications: The constant variations in the price of supplies and services caused changes in the economic indicators.
Findings/Conclusions: The use of reproductive biotechnologies (such as estrus induction) has a positive impact on production units, improving their profitability
Caracterización fenotípica del guajolote (Meleagris gallopavo) y sistema de producción en la depresión central de Chiapas.
El guajolote (Meleagris gallopavo) es una especie avícola que forma parte del patrimonio ancestral de México, con genotipos adaptados a diversos climas y sistemas de producción en pequeña escala y con aceptación de la población rural. Por tanto, se realizó un estudio en la región Centro-Norte del estado de Chiapas con el objetivo de caracterizar el sistema de producción y evaluar morfológicamente al guajolote autóctono (GA). Se realizó una encuesta en 52 unidades de producción rural (UP) y se tomaron medidas morfológicas en 212 guajolotes. La información obtenida incluyó aspectos socioeconómicos de los productores, manejo general del GA, costos y destino de la producción. En cada guajolote se evaluó, peso vivo, color del plumaje y medidas de cuello, cabeza, cuerpo y piernas. El análisis de la información se realizó con estadísticos descriptivos y parámetros multivariados de Componentes Principales (CP). Las variables edad, experiencia y escolaridad del productor, edad del guajolote al inicio de postura y producción de huevo permitieron agrupar los sistemas de producción, definidos mediante cuatro CP que explicaron el 74.5 % de la variabilidad total del sistema de producción. Además, cuatro CP explicaron el 74.4 % de la varianza total, en las características morfológicas del guajolote. Las variables que permitieron agrupar a los tipos de GA fueron la talla del animal (altura y peso), largo del dorso y perímetro pectoral, principalmente., predominando el color negro del plumaje, tanto puro como combinado con blanco y café. Se concluyó que el sistema de producción del GA se basa en unidades de producción en pequeña escala, con parvadas pequeñas, que pueden ser criterios de agrupación de UP; la talla del animal, largo del dorso y perímetro pectoral pueden utilizarse como base de una tipología del guajolote. _______________ PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF WILD TURKEY (MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO) AND PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN THE NORTH-CENTRAL REGION OF CHIAPAS. ABSTRACT: The turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) is a part poultry ancestral heritage of Mexico, with genotypes adapted to different climates and production systems in small-scale, rural population acceptance. Therefore, a study was conducted in the North Central region of the state of Chiapas with the aim of characterizing the production system and evaluate morphologically the native turkey (GA). A survey was conducted in 52 rural production units (UP) and morphological measurements were taken on 212 turkeys. The information obtained included socio-economic aspects of the producers, GA general management, costs and production destination. Each turkey was evaluated, weight, color of plumage and measurements of neck, head, body and legs. The data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and multivariate Principal Component parameters (CP). The variables age, experience and education of the producer, the age of onset of lay turkey egg production and the ability to pool production systems, defined by four CP that explained 74.5% of the total variability of the production system. In addition, four CP accounted for 74.4% of the total variance in the morphological characteristics of turkey. Variables that allowed the grouping of the types of GA were the animal's size (height and weight), along the back and chest circumference, mainly., Predominantly black plumage color, both pure and combined with white and brown. It was concluded that the GA production system is based on units of production on a small scale, with small flocks, which can be UP grouping criteria, the size of the animal, along the back and chest circumference can be used as the basis of a typology turkey.Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias, especialista en Ganadería).- Colegio de Postgraduados, 2012
Relationships between technological and nutritional meat quality traits in native Mexican Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo L.: meat quality traits in native Mexican Guajolote
Objective: To evaluate the relationships between some technological and nutritional meat quality traits in native Mexican Guajolote (M. g. gallopavo).
Design/methodology/approach: In the study, a total of 35 carcasses from male native guajolotes (32-40 weeks old; approximately 2.9 kg carcass weight) were used. Some technological [pH, colour (L*, a*, b*), water-holding capacity (WHC), drip loss (DP), and cooking loss (CL)] and nutritional [dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), crude ash (CA) and energy content (EC)] properties of breast and leg meat were evaluated. Pearson correlation of SAS software was used for data analysis.
Results: In breast meat, moderate to high positive correlations (P < 0.01; 0.35 [pH45min vs pH24h] ≤ r ˂ 0.82 [DM vs EC]) were observed, but highly and negatively correlations (P < 0.01; -0.36 [CF vs CA] ≤ r < -0.77 [b* vs DL]) also were found. Similarly, technological and nutritional quality traits in leg meat also showed moderate to high positive correlations (P < 0.01; 0.38 [pH24h vs L*] ≤ r < 0.74 [DM vs CF]); however, high negative correlations (P < 0.01; -0.42 [pH24h vs CL] ≤ r < -0.69 [a* vs b*]) were observed.
Limitations on study/implications: Studies on the factors that affect the technological and nutritional characteristics of meat quality in this poultry species should be carried out
Findings/conclusions: The results could be used as an important benchmark of the current state of Guajolote meat quality to develop selection and breeding programs in its genetic improvement.Objective: To evaluate the relationships between some technological and nutritional meat quality traits in native Mexican Guajolote (M. g. gallopavo).
Design/methodology/approach: In the study, a total of 35 carcasses from male native guajolotes (32-40 weeks old; approximately 2.9 kg carcass weight) were used. Some technological [pH, colour (L*, a*, b*), water-holding capacity (WHC), drip loss (DP), and cooking loss (CL)] and nutritional [dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), crude ash (CA) and energy content (EC)] properties of breast and leg meat were evaluated. Pearson correlation of SAS software was used for data analysis.
Results: In breast meat, moderate to high positive correlations (P < 0.01; 0.35 [pH45min vs pH24h] ≤ r ˂ 0.82 [DM vs EC]) were observed, but highly and negatively correlations (P < 0.01; -0.36 [CF vs CA] ≤ r < -0.77 [b* vs DL]) also were found. Similarly, technological and nutritional quality traits in leg meat also showed moderate to high positive correlations (P < 0.01; 0.38 [pH24h vs L*] ≤ r < 0.74 [DM vs CF]); however, high negative correlations (P < 0.01; -0.42 [pH24h vs CL] ≤ r < -0.69 [a* vs b*]) were observed.
Limitations on study/implications: Studies on the factors that affect the technological and nutritional characteristics of meat quality in this poultry species should be carried out
Findings/conclusions: The results could be used as an important benchmark of the current state of Guajolote meat quality to develop selection and breeding programs in its genetic improvement
Comportamiento productivo y composición de la canal de la gallina de Guinea (Numida meleagris)
This study aimed to evaluate productive indicators of growth, carcass aspects and the proximal composition
of the meat of the Guinea Fowl (GF) reared under tropical conditions in Mexico. It was carried out from July
2016 to May 2017. The productive behavior (PB) of 100 keets in 14 weeks was evaluated and for the trait
of the carcass (TC) samples of 5 males and 5 females were analyzed. It was evaluated in PB, Weight gain
(WG), feed consumption (FC) and feed conversion (FCO) and in TC, carcass yield (CY), water retention
capacity (WRC), pH and color. Descriptive statistics were performed and a generalized linear model (GLM)
was used to detect differences between sex, using the SAS statistical package (Ver. 9.4). The final average
weight was 1161.56 ± 94.82 g with a WG of 10.98 ± 0.95 g/bird, FC of 62.04 ± 2.48 g and an FCO of 5.65
± 0.57 g. Males were superior (79.3%) in the CY, without statistical differences (P> 0.05). The WRC and
the pH were very similar. GF production is an alternative meat supply being a source of animal proteinEste estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar indicadores productivos del crecimiento, rasgos de la canal y la
composición proximal de carne de la Gallina de Guinea (GG) criada bajo condiciones tropicales de México.
Se realizó de julio 2016 a mayo 2017. Se evaluó el comportamiento productivo (CP) de 100 keets en 14
semanas y para los rasgos de la canal (RC) se analizaron muestras de 5 machos y 5 hembras. Se evaluó
en CP, la Ganancia de peso (GPE), consumo de alimento (CAL) y conversión alimenticia (ECA) y en RC,
rendimiento de la canal (RCA), capacidad de retención de agua (CRA), pH y color. Se realizó estadística
descriptiva y para detectar diferencias entre sexo se usó un modelo lineal generalizado (GLM), usando el
paquete estadístico SAS (Ver. 9.4). El peso final promedio fue de 1161.56 ± 94.82 g con una GPE de 10.98
± 0.95 g/ave, CAL de 62.04 ± 2.48 g y una ECA de 5.65 ± 0.57 g. Los machos fueron superiores (79.3%)
en la RCA, sin diferencias estadísticas (P>0.05). La CRA y el pH fueron muy similares. La producción de
GG es una alternativa de suministro de carne siendo una fuente de proteína de origen anima
Heterophil/lymphocyte response of local Spanish breeds of laying hens to cold stress, heat stress, and water restriction
6 Pág.Environmental challenges may adversely affect poultry production. Autochthonous breeds are particularly valuable in a climate change context because of adaptation to the local environment. The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of cold stress, water restriction, and heat stress on the stress response quantified by the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (H/L) of ten local Spanish breeds of laying hens. Hens of these local breeds were consecutively subjected to three treatments: natural cold stress (2, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 13 °C), water restriction (with a duration of 2.5, 4.5, 7, 10, and 12 h, respectively), and natural heat stress (23, 26, 28, 30, 34, 38, 40, and 42 °C). During cold stress, H/L was higher at 9 and 13 °C than at 2, 4, and 6 °C, and higher at 9 °C than at 7 °C (P < 0.05). H/L values were similar during all water restriction levels. During heat stress, H/L was particularly elevated at temperatures higher than 40 °C (P < 0.05). Overall, Andaluza Azul, Andaluza Perdiz and Prat Codorniz showed lowest resilience to stress based on their H/L response, whereas Pardo de Leon, Villafranquina Roja, and Prat Leonada showed highest resilience.This work was funded by INIA-CSIC [RGP2001-001 “Conservacion in vivo e in vitro de doce poblaciones de razas espanolas ˜ tradicionales de gallinas”].Peer reviewe
Laminitis en una yegua Pura Raza Española en Tabasco, México: reporte de caso
Laminitis is a serious, highly prevalent disease, recognized as one of the most important clinical syndromes
in equines. The present study describes the case of a five-year-old Pura Raza Española mare diagnosed
with bilateral laminitis at approximately three months of age. The animal refused to walk, lying down all the
time. The degree of claudication, according to the Obel scale, was graded as 5; she also had an altered
palmar digital pulse. He was prescribed 30 days of anti-inflammatory therapy with 1.1mg/kg intravenous
(IV) of meglumine flunixin every 24 h, accompanied by omeprazole 2 mg/kg orally (O.V.). Additionally, hoof
trimming and corrective shoeing were recommended. After eight months of treatment, the mare showed a
remarkable improvement and gain in body condition, and a gestation was achieved. The anti-inflammatory
treatment, hoof trimming and corrective shoeing favored the growth and hardness of the hoof, being
successful in the treatment of laminitisLa laminitis es una enfermedad grave, de alta prevalencia, reconocida como uno de los síndromes clínicos
más importantes en equinos. En el presente estudio se describe el caso de una yegua Pura Raza Española
de cinco años de edad, con diagnóstico de laminitis bilateral de aproximadamente tres meses. El animal se
reusaba a caminar, manteniéndose echado todo el tiempo. El grado de claudicación, según la escala de
Obel, se calificó de 5; asimismo, presentaba pulso palmar digital alterado. Se receto terapia de 30 días con
antinflamatorios 1.1mg/kg intra venosa (IV) de flunixin de meglumine cada 24 h, acompañado de omeprazol
2 mg/kg vía oral (VO). Adicionalmente, se recomendó recorte de casco y herrajes correctivos. Después de
los ocho meses de tratamiento, la yegua presentó una notable mejoría y ganancia de condición corporal,
además, se logró una gestación. El tratamiento antiinflamatorio, recorte de casco y herrajes correctivos,
favorecieron el crecimiento y dureza del casco, teniendo éxito en el tratamiento de laminiti
Effect of selenium on semen quality and fertility of rams
Objective:
To evaluate the effect of different doses of selenium on seminal quality and fertility in rams.
Design/methodology/approach:
Nine rams were evaluated. Selenium was offered subcutaneously at two months of age of the rams each month. Treatments were T1= no selenium, T2= 0.1 mg/kg selenium, and T3= 0.3 mg/kg selenium. Seminal evaluation was performed at seven months of age on the rams using an electroejaculator, and a total of 180 ejaculates were analyzed. The rams with the best seminal quality (one per treatment) were submitted to mating. The variables evaluated were: volume (Vol), mass motility (MM), progressive motility (PM), sperm concentration per mL and per ejaculate, percentage of complete acrosome, percentage of live sperm, percentage of normal sperm and percentage of fertility. Variables with normal distribution were evaluated with an analysis of variance (ANOVA; Tukey, 0.05) and the percentages were raised to arcsine to perform the corresponding ANOVA. Fertility was analyzed with a Chi-square test.
Results:
Seminal quality and fertility percentage were not different (P >0.05). Ejaculate volume showed differences (P <0.05).
Limitations/implications:
The study with a larger number of rams and a previous practice in field work for the evaluation of semen parameters is necessary for a better estimation of semen quality and fertility and to verify the results.
Findings/conclusions:
Selenium did not improve seminal quality and fertility in rams.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of different selenium (Se) doses on semen quality and fertility of rams.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Se was administered subcutaneously each month to nine two-month-old rams (from April 2018 to February 2020). The treatments were: T1 = without Se, T2 = 0.1 mg Se kg-1, and T3 = 0.3 mg Se kg-1. Semen evaluations were carried out using an electroejaculator; a total of 180 ejaculations were analyzed. The rams with better semen quality (one per treatment) were subjected to a mating. The following variables were evaluated: volume (Vol), masal motility (MM), progressive motility (MP), sperm concentration per mL and ejaculation, acrosome integrity percentage, living spermatozoa, normal spermatozoa, and fertility percentage. The normal distribution variables were evaluated using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s comparison test (Tukey, 0.05); the percentages were raised to the inverse sine in order to perform the appropriate ANOVA. Fertility was analyzed using a χ2 test.
Results: There was no difference in semen quality and fertility percentage (p > 0.05). The ejaculation volume showed differences between treatments (p ≤ 0.05).
Study Limitations/Implications: A study including a higher number of rams and a previous fieldwork practice should be carried out, in order to evaluate semen parameters. These evaluations would help to accurately estimate semen quality and fertility, as well as to corroborate the results.
Findings/Conclusions: Se did not improve semen quality and fertility of ram