Beta-glucan prevents toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in terms of oxidative and histopathological damage in heart tissue of rats

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a widespread environmental contaminant which causes severe toxic effects. Despite there is some suggestion concerning with TCDD induced cardiotoxicity such as formation of free radicals, the main mechanism has not been entirely explained. Beta-glucan is known as strong antioxidant matter and can scavenge free radicals. Therefore this study aimed to investigate the protective effects of beta-glucan against TCDD induced cardiotoxicity in rats. In this study, 2-3 months of age and 190-250 g in weight 32 rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (n=8 for each group). Group 1 was control; Group 2 was TCDD group (2 µg/kg/week); group 3 was the beta-glucan group(50 mg/kg/day), and group 4 was TCDD and beta-glucan treatment group. The heart samples were taken from rats after 21 days treatment. The results were shown that Despite TCDD exposure visibly caused to increase (p ≤ 0.001) in TBARS levels, It caused a visible decline in the levels of GSH, CAT, GSH-Px, and SOD. However Beta glucan significantly increased GSH, CAT, GSH-Px, SOD levels and decreased generation of TBARS. Additionally, our histopathological observations were in agreement with the biochemical results. In conclusion, Beta-glucan treatment exhibited protective activity on TCDD induced cardiotoxicity

Percutaneous management of complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema after surgical tube thoracostomy failure in children: a retrospective study

PurposeWe aimed to evaluate the results of percutaneous management of complicated parapneumonic effusions (PPE) and empyema after surgical tube thoracostomy failure in children.MethodsA total of 84 children treated percutaneously after surgical tube thoracostomy failure between 2004 and 2019 were included to this retrospective study. Technical success was defined as appropriate placement of the drainage catheter. Clinical success was defined as complete resolution of infection both clinically and radiologically. Management protocol included imaging-guided pigtail catheter insertion, fibrinolytic therapy, serial ultrasonographic evaluation, catheter manipulations as necessary (revision, exchange, or upsizing), and appropriate antibiotherapy. All patients were followed up at least 6 months.ResultsTechnical success rate was 100%. Unilateral single, unilateral double, and bilateral catheter insertions were performed in 73, 9, and 2 patients, respectively. Inserted catheter sizes ranged from 8 F to 16 F. Streptokinase, urokinase, and tissue plasminogen activator were used as fibrinolytic agent in 29 (34%), 14 (17%), and 41 (49%) patients, respectively. In order to maintain effective drainage, 42 additional procedures (catheter exchange, revision, reposition, or additional catheter placement) were performed in 20 patients (24%). Clinical success was achieved in 83 of 84 patients (99%). Median catheter duration was 8 days (4–32 days). Median hospital stay during percutaneous management was 11.5 days (7–45 days). Factors affecting the median catheter duration were the presence of necrotizing pneumonia (p < 0.001) and bronchopleural fistulae (p < 0.001).ConclusionPercutaneous imaging-guided catheterization with fibrinolytic therapy should be the method of choice in pediatric complicated PPE and empyema patients with surgical tube thoracostomy failure. Percutaneous treatment is useful in avoiding more aggressive surgical options

damage in rats

Irinotecan (CPT-11), commonly used in the treatment of many cancer types, may have several side effects that limit the use of CPT-11 in specific tissues such as the heart. In the current study, positive effects of curcumin (CRC) was determined in terms of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against heart damage, caused by CPT-11, in rats. Rats were divided randomly into four equal groups (Control, CPT-11, CRC, and CPT-11 + CRC). CPT-11 10 mg/kg/day was administered intraperitoneally and CRC 100 mg/kg(-1) was given orally. Blood and tissue samples were collected from all groups at day 30 for the detection of oxidative stress, histological changes, and cytokine levels. Results showed that CPT-11 caused dramatic changes in heart tissue for oxidative stress parameters (TBARS, SOD, CAT, GSH, and GPx levels), histological tissue damage, and cytokine levels (TNF and IL-4). CRC therapy reversed the elevated oxidative stress, histological tissue damages, and immunological changes and protected cardiac tissue against CPT-11 toxicity when given together with CPT-11.In conclusion, CPT-11 caused adverse effects on cytokine levels, histological alterations, and oxidative stress in rats. However, CRC treatment eliminated these toxic effects with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, these results suggest that CRC may play a protective role against CPT-11 toxicity in heart tissue of rats

Palliation Of Malignant Gastroduodenal Obstruction: Fluoroscopic Metallic Stent Placement With Different Approaches

PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of fluoroscopy-guided gastroduodenal metallic stent placement with different approaches in malignant obstruction. METHODS We retrospectively assessed 53 patients (33 men and 20 women; mean age, 58.7 +/- 15 years) who underwent stent placement between February 2004 and April 2014. All patients had unresectable tumors. The most common causes of obstruction were gastric (38%) and pancreatic cancers (36%). Uncovered self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) were placed under fluoroscopic guidance. In addition to transoral approach in 46 patients (86.7%), transgastric and transhepatic approaches were used in six patients (11.3%) and one patient (1.8%), respectively. Gastric outlet obstruction scoring system (GOOSS) was used to evaluate oral intake before and after stenting. Patients were followed until death or the end of the study. RESULTS Technical and clinical success rates were 100% and 92%, respectively. The median stent patency was 76 days (range, 4-985 days). Mean preprocedural GOOSS score of 0.1 increased to post-procedural GOOSS score of 2.42 (P < 0.001). Afferent loop decompression was achieved in one symptomatic patient. Neither mortality nor major complications occurred due to stenting. Stent migration occurred in one patient (2%) and stent obstruction occurred in two patients (4%). Combined biliary and duodenal stenting were performed in 21 patients (40%). Post-stenting GOOSS scores were predictive of survival (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Fluoroscopic metallic stent placement for palliation of malignant gastroduodenal obstruction is safe and effective with high technical and clinical success rates and minimal complications. High technical success rates can be achieved using different approaches.Wo

Us-Guided Botulinum Toxin Injection For Excessive Drooling In Children

PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections under ultrasonography (US) guidance for children with excessive drooling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 2006 and January 2011,44 BTX-A injections into bilateral submandibular glands were performed in 20 children (mean age, 9.1 years; ran e, 3-16 years; gender, 151 boys and 5 girls) under intravenous Sedation. Efficacy of the injections was evaluated 4-12 weeks after the injection. Severity of drooling was assessed using the Teacher Drooling Scale (TDS). If the patient or the patient's caregiver reported a good initial response, injections were then repeated periodically when drooling reached the preinjection score. If there was no response or suboptimal response, a booster injection of BTX-A was given after one month. RESULTS Technical success rate was 100%. No procedure-related major or minor complication was detected. One family (5%) reported intermittent problems with swallowing due to viscous saliva. A successful outcome was defined as a minimum two point reduction in TDS score. This outcome occurred. for 8 of 20 patients four weeks after the first injection. After consecutive sessions, clinical success was achieved at the end of the 12 weeks for 16 patients (80%). The mean TDS score decreased from 4.75 to 2.1 at the end of the study for all patients (P < 0.05). Four patients did not respond to BTXA injection. Submandibular resection was applied to 3 of 4 unresponsive patients. Two patients had complete remission after surgery, but one patient showed excessive drooling that could not be controlled. CONCLUSION US-guided submandibular BTX-A injection is a safe and effective procedure in treating drooling in children. It can be performed under intravenous sedation and does not require general anesthesia

Investigation into the protective effects of Naringenin in phthalates-induced reproductive damage

OBJECTIVE: Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, extensively used as a plasticizer in many products, including plastics. cosmetics. and medical devices. Naringenin (NAR) is a flavonoid belonging to the flavanones subclass. It is widely distributed in several citrus fruits, bergamot, tomatoes, and other fruits. It is also found in its glycoside form (mainly naringin). Several biological activities have been ascribed to this phytochemical: antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiadipogenic, and ca rdioprotective effects. This study hypothesized that phthalates' possible reproductive damage mechanism is oxidative attack, and naringenin could have a protective effect against radical forms in the body through its antioxidant properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two male rats were used in our study (n=8 each). Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control, DBP, DBP +NAR and NAR. Phthalate (DBP) and NAR were administered through gastric oral gavage (phthalate group 500 mg/kg/day DBP: NAR group 50 mg/kg/day NAR). At the end of four weeks. testis tissue samples were taken under anesthesia. Testis tissue and blood samples were collected from the four groups in this study. Histological, biochemical and spermatological analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Tissue samples from the control and NAR groups showed normal histological appearance on light microscopy. The DBP group exhibited deterioration in seminiferous tubules, vascular congestion in capsule, vascular congestion between the seminiferous tubules, edema in the intestinal area and vacuolization. arrested spermatocytes in different stages of division; sloughing of cells into the seminiferous tubular lumen was observed. it was also observed that NAR treatment significantly inhibited and prevented the histopathological damage caused by DBP. Tissue TBARS, antioxidant parameters, sperm motility, sperm density and abnormal spermatozoon ratios were determined. As a result, it was shown that DBP caused oxidative damage by increas- ing TBARS levels and decreasing antioxidant parameters. increased abnormal sperm rate and decreased sperm motility. and concentration and histopathological damage, so the antioxidant activity of naringenin inhibited this damage. CONCLUSIONS: DBP had toxic effects in rat testis tissue: NAR treatment ameliorated these effects. Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings.Scientific Research Projects Unit of Inonu UniversityWe would like to thank the Scientific Research Projects Unit of Inonu University for their support

Pelvic Abscess Drainage: Outcome With Factors Affecting The Clinical Success

PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the success and complication rates of image-guided pelvic abscess drain age with emphasis on factors affecting the clinical success. METHODS During a 7-year period, 185 pelvic abscesses were treated in 163 patients under ultrasonography and fluoroscopy (n=140) or computed tomography (n=45) guidance with transabdominal (n=107), transvaginal (n=39), transrectal (n=21) and transgluteal (n=18) approaches. Abscess characteristics (etiology, number, size, intrastructure, microbiological content, presence of fistula), patient demographics (age, sex, presence of malignancy, primary disease, antibiotic treatments), procedure-related factors (guidance method, access route, catheter size) and their effects on clinical success, complications, and duration of catheterization were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Technical and clinical success rates were 100% and 93.9%, respectively. Procedure-related mortality or major complications were not observed. Minor complications such as catheter dislodgement, obstruction, or kinking were detected in 6.7% of the patients. Clinical failure was observed in 10 patients (6.1%). Fistulization was observed in 14 abscesses. Fistulization extended the duration of catheter use (P < 0.001) and decreased the clinical success rate (P < 0.001). The presence of postoperative malignant, complex-multilocular abscesses, and fungus infection in the cavity extended catheter duration (P < 0.001, P = 0.018, and P = 0.007, respectively), whereas the presence of sterile abscess and endocavitary catheterization reduced the catheter duration (P = 0.009 and P= 0.011, respectively). CONCLUSION Image-guided pelvic abscess drainage has high clinical success and low complication rates. The only factor affecting the clinical success rate is the presence of fistula.WoSScopu