Natural language querying for video databases

Cataloged from PDF version of article.The video databases have become popular in various areas due to the recent advances in technology. Video archive systems need user-friendly interfaces to retrieve video frames. In this paper, a user interface based on natural language processing (NLP) to a video database system is described. The video database is based on a content-based spatio-temporal video data model. The data model is focused on the semantic content which includes objects, activities, and spatial properties of objects. Spatio-temporal relationships between video objects and also trajectories of moving objects can be queried with this data model. In this video database system, a natural language interface enables flexible querying. The queries, which are given as English sentences, are parsed using link parser. The semantic representations of the queries are extracted from their syntactic structures using information extraction techniques. The extracted semantic representations are used to call the related parts of the underlying video database system to return the results of the queries. Not only exact matches but similar objects and activities are also returned from the database with the help of the conceptual ontology module. This module is implemented using a distance-based method of semantic similarity search on the semantic domain-independent ontology, WordNet. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Tactical Generation in a Free Constituent Order Language

This paper describes tactical generation in Turkish, a free constituent order language, in which the order of the constituents may change according to the information structure of the sentences to be generated. In the absence of any information regarding the information structure of a sentence (i.e., topic, focus, background, etc.), the constituents of the sentence obey a default order, but the order is almost freely changeable, depending on the constraints of the text flow or discourse. We have used a recursively structured finite state machine for handling the changes in constituent order, implemented as a right-linear grammar backbone. Our implementation environment is the GenKit system, developed at Carnegie Mellon University--Center for Machine Translation. Morphological realization has been implemented using an external morphological analysis/generation component which performs concrete morpheme selection and handles morphographemic processes.Comment: gzipped, uuencoded postscript fil

A Plasticity-Damage Model for Plain Concrete

A plastic-damage model for plain concrete is developed in this work. The model uses two different yield criteria: one for plasticity and one for damage. In order to account both for compression and tension loadings, the damage criterion is divided into two parts: one for compression and a second for tension. The superscripts (+) and (-) in this work are used to represent tension and compression cases, respectively. The total stress is decomposed into tension and compressions components. The total strain is decomposed into elastic and plastic parts. The strain equivalence concept is used such that the strains in the effective (undamaged) and damaged configurations are equal to each other. The formulations are extended from the scalar damage to the second order damage tensor. The Lubliner model for plasticity is used in this work. A numerical algorithm is coded using the user subroutine UMAT and then implemented in the advanced finite element program ABAQUS. The numerical simulations are conducted for normal and high strength concrete. The proposed model is also used to compare between the high strength and normal strength concrete. In addition, the three point and four point notched beams are used in the analysis in order to obtain the damage evolution across the beams. Two different meshes, a coarse and a dense, are used for the beams analysis. Beam damage evolution for different displacements is shown at different steps of loading. In all the examples, the results are compared with available experimental data. The results show very good correlation with the experimental data. Damage evolution across the beams is very similar to the experimental crack band. This indicates the accuracy of the method. Computationally, the model is also efficient and consumes minimal computational time

Computational model for heat transfer in the human eye using the finite element method

In this work a finite element model for the human eye presented. Thermal analysis was done in order to capture the temperature variation in the human eye. The model was created using advance finite element program ABAQUS. In the model each of the eye\u27s component (cornea, sclera, lens, iris, aqueous and vitreous humor) has own material property. Specific boundary conditions were used for the model. The model incorporates the interaction between eyes components. The Comparisons were done with the available experimental results. The results show that there is a temperature variation in the human eye components with the increasing the time. The front of the cornea and back of the cornea shows different temperature value. And the result shows that there is also temperature difference between the peak of the posterior surface of the cornea and the adjacent posterior surface of the cornea to the sclera

Generalizing predicates with string arguments

The least general generalization (LGG) of strings may cause an over-generalization in the generalization process of the clauses of predicates with string arguments. We propose a specific generalization (SG) for strings to reduce over-generalization. SGs of strings are used in the generalization of a set of strings representing the arguments of a set of positive examples of a predicate with string arguments. In order to create a SG of two strings, first, a unique match sequence between these strings is found. A unique match sequence of two strings consists of similarities and differences to represent similar parts and differing parts between those strings. The differences in the unique match sequence are replaced to create a SG of those strings. In the generalization process, a coverage algorithm based on SGs of strings or learning heuristics based on match sequences are used. © Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2006

Two learning approaches for protein name extraction

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Protein name extraction, one of the basic tasks in automatic extraction of information from biological texts, remains challenging. In this paper, we explore the use of two different machine learning techniques and present the results of the conducted experiments. in the first method, Bigram language model is used to extract protein names. In the latter, we use an automatic rule learning method that can identify protein names located in the biological texts. In both cases, we generalize protein names by using hierarchically categorized syntactic token types. We conducted our experiments on two different datasets. our first method based on Bigram language model achieved an F-score of 67.7% on the YAPEX dataset and 66.8% on the GENIA corpus. The developed rule learning method obtained 61.8% F-score value on the YAPEX dataset and 61.0% on the GENIA corpus. The results of the comparative experiments demonstrate that both techniques are applicable to the task of automatic protein name extraction, a prerequisite for the large-scale processing of biomedical literature. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Using lexical chains for keyword extraction

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Keywords can be considered as condensed versions of documents and short forms of their summaries. In this paper, the problem of automatic extraction of keywords from documents is treated as a supervised learning task. A lexical chain holds a set of semantically related words of a text and it can be said that a lexical chain represents the semantic content of a portion of the text. Although lexical chains have been extensively used in text summarization, their usage for keyword extraction problem has not been fully investigated. In this paper, a keyword extraction technique that uses lexical chains is described, and encouraging results are obtained. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

The Legal Reception and Status of Turkish Immigrants in the EU: A Comparative Study of Germany, the Netherlands and the UK.

Following recruitment agreements in the 1960s, Turkish workers began to emigrate to Western Europe on a scale never experienced before. Over time, temporary labour recruitment has turned into permanent settlement of whole communities as a result of such factors as recruitment stops, continued immigration and especially family reunification and family formation. More recently, the growth of a second and even third generation of young Turks born and brought up in the receiving countries has raised a number of new legal issues which are now beginning to be studied in depth. Turkish worker migration in Europe has turned out to be a highly complex human phenomenon with a wide range of socio-cultural, psychological, political and legal consequences. The present study evaluates how the legal reception and status of Turkish migrants is reflected in three different national systems of immigration control in Europe, those of Germany, the Netherlands and the UK. The thesis seeks to test if and to what extent the legal systems of these three countries have differed in their response to the presence of Turkish immigrants, and which variables have been most effective in the legal reception and treatment of Turkish immigrants in these countries. The thesis first draws a comprehensive picture of Turkish migration to Europe. Secondly, it provides a brief analysis of the legal position of Turkish migrants within the context of EU and international law, having particular regard to the Ankara Association Agreement of 1963 and subsequent developments under EU law. The second part of the thesis comprises a detailed analysis of the national immigration regimes of the three countries, taking into account the international and EU dimensions. Coverage of the legal reception of Turkish immigrants is followed by discussion of central issues relating to the employment of Turkish migrant workers and the self-employment of Turkish migrants. Further, the legal response of the three countries towards Turkish family migration is discussed, having both regard to family reunification and family formation rights of Turkish residents. In the conclusion, a comparison of the regulatory framework in Germany, the Netherlands and the UK has been provided. Turkish migrants to European countries clearly experience different legal reactions, from open welcome, albeit as guestworkers, to hostile rejection as the unwanted and alien 'other'. Turks, as immigrants, are targeted everywhere by the immigration systems, but in varying degrees. The thesis demonstrates that the absolute and relative size of the Turkish immigrant population to the native population and to other immigrant groups in each country, as well as their perception of being a threat for the immigration systems, gives rise to particular responses to Turkish immigrants. The legal reception and status of Turkish immigrants have further been influenced by the cultural distance of Turkish immigrants from the receiving country or other immigrant groups. While this approach has been modified to some extent by the unique development of each national immigration system and the continuing need for immigrant workers, as well as the necessity for international mobility, Turkish immigrants and their descendants in the EU have been allocated legal positions of marginality, despite the protective frameworks of international and EU laws

Towards automated web service composition with the abductive event calculus

[No abstract available

Natural language querying for video databases

The video databases have become popular in various areas due to the recent advances in technology. Video archive systems need user-friendly interfaces to retrieve video frames. In this paper, a user interface based on natural language processing (NLP) to a video database system is described. The video database is based on a content-based spatio-temporal video data model. The data model is focused on the semantic content which includes objects, activities, and spatial properties of objects. Spatio-temporal relationships between video objects and also trajectories of moving objects can be queried with this data model. In this video database system, a natural language interface enables flexible querying. The queries, which are given as English sentences, are parsed using link parser. The semantic representations of the queries are extracted from their syntactic structures using information extraction techniques. The extracted semantic representations are used to call the related parts of the underlying video database system to return the results of the queries. Not only exact matches but similar objects and activities are also returned from the database with the help of the conceptual ontology module. This module is implemented using a distance-based method of semantic similarity search on the semantic domain-independent ontology, WordNet. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved