17 research outputs found
Gluon-gluon contributions to W+ W- production and Higgs interference effects
In this paper we complete our re-assessment of the production of W boson
pairs at the LHC, by calculating analytic results for the gg -> W+ W- -> (\nu l
l\nu) process including the effect of massive quarks circulating in the loop.
Together with the one-loop amplitudes containing the first two generations of
massless quarks propagating in the loop, these diagrams can give a significant
contribution with a large flux of gluons. One of the component parts of this
calculation is the production of a standard model Higgs boson, gg -> H and its
subsequent decay, H -> W+(-> \nu l) W-(-> l \nu). We will quantify the
importance of the interference between the Higgs boson production process and
the gluon-induced continuum production in the context of searches for the Higgs
boson at the Tevatron and the LHC. For instance, for mH < 140 GeV the effect of
the interference typically results in around a 10% reduction in the expected
number of Higgs signal events. The majority of this interference is due to
non-resonant contributions. Therefore cuts on the transverse mass such as those
currently used by the ATLAS collaboration reduce the destructive interference
to about a 1% effect. We advocate that a cut on the maximum transverse mass be
used in future Higgs searches in this channel
NLO Higgs boson production plus one and two jets using the POWHEG BOX, MadGraph4 and MCFM
We present a next-to-leading order calculation of Higgs boson production plus
one and two jets via gluon fusion interfaced to shower Monte Carlo programs,
implemented according to the POWHEG method. For this implementation we have
used a new interface of the POWHEG BOX with MadGraph4, that generates the codes
for generic Born and real processes automatically. The virtual corrections have
been taken from the MCFM code. We carry out a simple phenomenological study of
our generators, comparing them among each other and with fixed next-to-leading
order results.Comment: 27 pages, 21 figure
Vector boson pair production at the LHC
We present phenomenological results for vector boson pair production at the
LHC, obtained using the parton-level next-to-leading order program MCFM. We
include the implementation of a new process in the code, pp -> \gamma\gamma,
and important updates to existing processes. We incorporate fragmentation
contributions in order to allow for the experimental isolation of photons in
\gamma\gamma, W\gamma, and Z\gamma production and also account for gluon-gluon
initial state contributions for all relevant processes. We present results for
a variety of phenomenological scenarios, at the current operating energy of
\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV and for the ultimate machine goal, \sqrt{s} = 14 TeV. We
investigate the impact of our predictions on several important distributions
that enter into searches for new physics at the LHC.Comment: 35 pages, 14 figure
Bounding the Higgs width at the LHC using full analytic results for gg → e − e + μ − μ +
The impact of immediate breast reconstruction on the time to delivery of adjuvant therapy: the iBRA-2 study
Background:
Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) is routinely offered to improve quality-of-life for women requiring mastectomy, but there are concerns that more complex surgery may delay adjuvant oncological treatments and compromise long-term outcomes. High-quality evidence is lacking. The iBRA-2 study aimed to investigate the impact of IBR on time to adjuvant therapy.
Methods:
Consecutive women undergoing mastectomy ± IBR for breast cancer July–December, 2016 were included. Patient demographics, operative, oncological and complication data were collected. Time from last definitive cancer surgery to first adjuvant treatment for patients undergoing mastectomy ± IBR were compared and risk factors associated with delays explored.
Results:
A total of 2540 patients were recruited from 76 centres; 1008 (39.7%) underwent IBR (implant-only [n = 675, 26.6%]; pedicled flaps [n = 105,4.1%] and free-flaps [n = 228, 8.9%]). Complications requiring re-admission or re-operation were significantly more common in patients undergoing IBR than those receiving mastectomy. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy was required by 1235 (48.6%) patients. No clinically significant differences were seen in time to adjuvant therapy between patient groups but major complications irrespective of surgery received were significantly associated with treatment delays.
Conclusions:
IBR does not result in clinically significant delays to adjuvant therapy, but post-operative complications are associated with treatment delays. Strategies to minimise complications, including careful patient selection, are required to improve outcomes for patients
Molecular Basis of Selectivity and Activity for the Antimicrobial Peptide Lynronne‐1 Informs Rational Design of Peptide with Improved Activity
Antibiotic resistance is a significant threat to human health, with natural products remaining the best source for new antimicrobial compounds. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are natural products with great potential for clinical use as they are small, amenable to customization, and show broad-spectrum activities. Lynronne-1 is a promising AMP identified in the rumen microbiome that shows broad-spectrum activity against pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii. Here we investigated the structure of Lynronne-1 using solution NMR spectroscopy and identified a 13-residue amphipathic helix containing all six cationic residues. We used biophysical approaches to observe folding, membrane partitioning and membrane lysis selective to the presence of anionic lipids. We translated our understanding of Lynronne-1 structure to design peptides which varied in the size of their hydrophobic helical face. These peptides displayed the predicted continuum of membrane-lysis activities in vitro and in vivo, and yielded a new AMP with 4-fold improved activity against A. baumannii and 32-fold improved activity against S. aureus
Analytic results for the one-loop NMHV amplitude
We compute the one-loop amplitude for a Higgs boson, a quark-antiquark pair
and a pair of gluons of negative helicity, i.e. for the next-to-maximally
helicity violating (NMHV) case, A(H, qbar-, q+, g-, g-). The calculation is
performed using an effective Lagrangian which is valid in the limit of very
large top quark mass. As a result of this paper all amplitudes for the
transition of a Higgs boson into 4 partons are now known analytically at
one-loop order.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figur
Polygamy and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in Men Undergoing Angiography: An Observational Study
Epidemiologic evidence suggests a link between psychosocial risk factors such as marital status and coronary artery disease (CAD). Polygamy (multiple concurrent wives) is a distinct marital status practiced in many countries in Asia and the Middle East, but its association with CAD is not well defined. We conducted a multicenter, observational study of consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography during the period from April 1, 2013, to March 30, 2014. Of 1,068 enrolled patients, 687 were married men. Polygamy was reported in 32% of married men (1 wife: 68%, 2 wives: 19%, 3 wives: 10%, and 4 wives: 3%). When stratified by number of wives, significant baseline differences were observed in age, type of community (rural versus urban), prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and household income. After adjusting for baseline differences, there was a significant association between polygamy and CAD (adjusted OR 4.6 [95% CI 2.5, 8.3]), multivessel disease (MVD) (adjusted OR 2.6 [95% CI 1.8, 3.7]), and left main disease (LMD) (adjusted OR 3.5 [95% CI 2.1, 5.9]). Findings were consistent when the number of wives was analyzed as a continuous variable. In conclusion, among married men undergoing coronary angiography for clinical indications, polygamy is associated with the presence of significant CAD, MVD, and LMD
Polygamy and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in Men Undergoing Angiography: An Observational Study
Epidemiologic evidence suggests a link between psychosocial risk factors such as marital status and coronary artery disease (CAD). Polygamy (multiple concurrent wives) is a distinct marital status practiced in many countries in Asia and the Middle East, but its association with CAD is not well defined. We conducted a multicenter, observational study of consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography during the period from April 1, 2013, to March 30, 2014. Of 1,068 enrolled patients, 687 were married men. Polygamy was reported in 32% of married men (1 wife: 68%, 2 wives: 19%, 3 wives: 10%, and 4 wives: 3%). When stratified by number of wives, significant baseline differences were observed in age, type of community (rural versus urban), prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and household income. After adjusting for baseline differences, there was a significant association between polygamy and CAD (adjusted OR 4.6 [95% CI 2.5, 8.3]), multivessel disease (MVD) (adjusted OR 2.6 [95% CI 1.8, 3.7]), and left main disease (LMD) (adjusted OR 3.5 [95% CI 2.1, 5.9]). Findings were consistent when the number of wives was analyzed as a continuous variable. In conclusion, among married men undergoing coronary angiography for clinical indications, polygamy is associated with the presence of significant CAD, MVD, and LMD