Derivas íntimas

En este documento se recoge la investigación tanto plástica como teórica necesaria para concluir mi producción artística, con motivo de la asignatura del Trabajo Final de Grado en la Facultad de Bellas Artes de Málaga. A partir del libro “La intimidad” del filósofo español Jose Luis Pardo y de una cita del psicólogo suizo Carl Gustave Jung comienza el desarrollo conceptual sobre el que se sustenta “Derivas íntimas” en la que originales y copias se mezclan en tres series de dibujos creando preguntas de respuestas ambiguas para el espectador. Existe un juego continuo entre las repeticiones tanto de los fragmentos anatómicos, como de las líneas que, crean mediante su unión, la representación de una materia sinuosa y orgánica que los complementa, que los acompaña, los forma, les da vida y, lo más importante, aportan diferencias entre ellos aunque se presenten aparentemente iguales

Distribution of mineral extraction revenue: overview of international practice

Purpose. To study basic principles and conditions of the efficiency of the system to redistribute mineral extraction revenue including the countries with lower levels of welfare. Methods. The research applies a method of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the scientific literature, data by the Natural Resource Governance Institute, national reports according to the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, and open Internet sources. Taxation schemes for mineral extraction revenue as well as the most important tendencies in the schemes changes over the recent years were considered. Distributions of the resource taxes in terms of the state administration levels as well as vertical distribution of budget receipts from the development of natural resources were analyzed. The countries distributing tax receipts from the mineral extraction in favour of the local authorities were selected as the object of the research. Findings. It has been determined that in the majority of countries, payments from mineral extraction are sent to the national-level institutions being distributed back to the mining areas or neighbouring territories. It has been pointed out that certain countries send a share of the mining income to the local budgets automatically using the formulas based on the objective indicators such as amount of population, amount of budget receipts from the area, poverty rate or geographical position. It has been identified that the basic principle of the system of resource use taxation to provide social welfare is represented by the optimal taxation scheme stimulating the production and maximizing the income which share is redistributed in favour of the society to cover all the local administration levels. Originality. The comparative analysis and determination of the recent data of distribution of budget receipts from mineral resources in terms of the developing countries. Practical implications. The obtained results may favour the scientific substantiation of the strategy to distribute mineral extraction revenue, planning of the development of mineral and raw material complex of the Central Asian countries; moreover, they may be useful while assessing the efficiency of investment projects of the field development.Мета. Вивчення основних принципів та умов ефективності системи перерозподілу доходів від видобутку корисних копалин, у тому числі в країнах з невисоким рівнем добробуту. Методика. У дослідженні використаний метод якісного та кількісного аналізу наукової літератури, даних Інституту управління природними ресурсами (Natural Resource Governance Institute (NRGI)), національних звітів за стандартом Ініціативи прозорості видобувних галузей (Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, ІПДО), відкритих джерел у мережі Інтернет. Розглядалися режими оподаткування доходів від видобутку корисних копалин і найбільш їх важливі тенденції протягом останніх років. Досліджувався розподіл податків на корисні копалини за рівнями державного управління, а також вертикального розподілу бюджетних надходжень від природних ресурсів. Як об’єкт дослідження обрані країни, що розподіляють податкові надходження від видобувних галузей на користь органів місцевого самоврядування. Результати. Встановлено, що для більшості країн платежі від видобутку корисних копалин надходять до інститутів загальнонаціонального рівня, однак розподіляються назад на місця видобутку або в довколишні райони. Відзначено, що деякі країни передають частину з доходів від видобувних галузей до місцевих бюджетів автоматично, використовуючи формули, що базуються на об’єктивних індикаторах, таких як кількість населення, обсяги бюджетних надходжень з території, рівень бідності або географічне положення. Виявлено, що основним принципом системи оподаткування використання ресурсів для забезпечення суспільного добробуту є встановлення оптимального режиму оподаткування, що залишає стимули до виробництва і, в той же час, максимізує дохід, частина якого перерозподіляється на користь суспільства між усіма місцевими рівнями управління. Наукова новизна полягає у порівняльному аналізі та виявленні особливостей новітніх даних розподілу бюджетних надходжень від природних ресурсів на прикладі країн, що розвиваються. Практична значимість. Результати можуть сприяти науковому обґрунтуванню стратегії розподілу доходів від видобутку корисних копалин, плануванню розвитку мінерально-сировинного комплексу країн Середньої Азії, а також можуть бути корисними при оцінці ефективності інвестиційних проектів освоєння родовищ корисних копалин.Цель. Изучение основных принципов и условий эффективности системы перераспределения доходов от добычи полезных ископаемых, в том числе в странах с невысоким уровнем благосостояния. Методика. В исследовании использован метод качественного и количественного анализа научной литературы, данных Института управления природными ресурсами (Natural Resource Governance Institute (NRGI)), национальных отчетов по стандарту Инициативы прозрачности добывающих отраслей (Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (ИПДО)), открытых источников в сети Интернет. Рассматривались режимы налогообложения доходов от добычи полезных ископаемых и наиболее их важные тенденции на протяжении последних лет. Исследовалось распределения налогов на полезные ископаемые по уровням государственного управления, а также вертикального распределения бюджетных поступлений от природных ресурсов. В качестве объекта исследования выбраны страны, которые распределяют налоговые поступления от добывающих отраслей в пользу органов местного самоуправления. Результаты. Установлено, что для большинства стран платежи от добычи полезных ископаемых поступают в институты общенационального уровня, однако распределяются обратно на места добычи или в близлежащие районы. Отмечено, что некоторые страны передают часть с доходов от добывающих отраслей в местные бюджеты автоматически, используя формулы, которые базируются на объективных индикаторах, таких как количество населения, объемы бюджетных поступлений с территории, уровень бедности или географическое положение. Выявлено, что основным принципом системы налогообложения использования ресурсов для обеспечения общественного благосостояния является установление оптимального режима налогообложения, что оставляет стимулы к производству и, в то же время, максимизирует доход, часть которого перераспределяется в пользу общества между всеми местными уровнями управления. Научная новизна заключается в сравнительном анализе и выявлении особенностей новейших данных распределения бюджетных поступлений от природных ресурсов на примере развивающихся стран. Практическая значимость. Результаты могут способствовать научному обоснованию стратегии распределения доходов от добычи полезных ископаемых, планированию развития минерально-сырьевого комплекса стран Средней Азии, а также могут быть полезны при оценке эффективности инвестиционных проектов освоения месторождений полезных ископаемых.The authors are grateful for the support in conducting the research to Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Moscow Metropolitan Governance University (MMGU), Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, and MIREA – Russian Technological University Institute of Educational Technologies and Humanities

Matrix metalloproteinase-13 refines pathological staging of precancerous colorectal lesions

An exact classification of precancerous stages of colorectal polyps might improve therapy and patients´ outcome. Here we investigate the association between grade of dysplasia and Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) expression in 137 biopsies from patients with cancerous and non-cancerous colorectal adenomas. A reproducible staining procedure for histologic MMP-13 analysis in routinely fixed colorectal biopsy specimens has been established. A newly adopted immunoreactive scoring system for MMP-13 was demonstrated as reliable readout. The strength of the association between pathologic stage and immunoreactive MMP-13 scoring emphasizes its eligibility for diagnosis in precancerous colorectal lesions

Social Responsibility of the Private Sector in the system of Russian Healthcare

This article reviews the issues of social obligations of the private sector as the responsibility of the company for its activities towards the society and the state. The corporate social responsibility is clearly structured and carried out at multiple levels such as compliance with laws, maintenance activities which are attractive for investors and consumers, implementation of measures aimed at removing social tensions. It is shown that the changes in the public sector of the healthcare toward increase in the share of for-profit health care centers improves social climate by increasing accessibility and quality of the medical care. This article demonstrates the place, role and forms of the participation of the non-state multifaceted medical centers in the implementation of socially oriented projects. The authors offer to use the concept of social responsibility of the private sector as an instrument for achieving and securing the sustainable growth of both the business and the society as a whole

PLoS. Biol.

Certain bacterial adhesins appear to promote a pathogen's extracellular lifestyle rather than its entry into host cells. However, little is known about the stimuli elicited upon such pathogen host-cell interactions. Here, we report that type IV pili (Tfp)-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (P(+)GC) induces an immediate recruitment of caveolin-1 (Cav1) in the host cell, which subsequently prevents bacterial internalization by triggering cytoskeletal rearrangements via downstream phosphotyrosine signaling. A broad and unbiased analysis of potential interaction partners for tyrosine-phosphorylated Cav1 revealed a direct interaction with the Rho-family guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav2. Both Vav2 and its substrate, the small GTPase RhoA, were found to play a direct role in the Cav1-mediated prevention of bacterial uptake. Our findings, which have been extended to enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, highlight how Tfp-producing bacteria avoid host cell uptake. Further, our data establish a mechanistic link between Cav1 phosphorylation and pathogen-induced cytoskeleton reorganization and advance our understanding of caveolin function

Toxicity of the hybrid material based on low-dimensional structures of aluminum oxide

Aluminum oxides of various morphology and phase composition, including pseudoboehmite, have wide application in medicine. The novel hybrid material from polymer fibers and low-dimensional structures of pseudoboehmite fixed on them can be used as a wound dressing due to its highly absorbent and adsorbent properties. The in vivo investigation of acute and chronic toxicity of the novel hybrid material after a single dermal application in the acute experiment for 8 and 24 hours with outbred male and female rats reveals no irritation or other pathological changes. The chronic toxicity testing of the material after multiple dermal applications at two doses causes no death of animals and no pathological changes in their general condition, weight dynamics, and visceral morphology. The macro- and microscopy of internal organs shows no pathological changes as compared to control animals. The results obtained bear witness to the low potential risk of toxicity when using the hybrid material as a wound dressing

PARAMETER CORPORAL PUNISHMENT GURU TERHADAP PESERTA DIDIK

Guru menghukum peserta didik guna untuk mendisiplinkan agar selalu mentaati tata tertib sekolah dan peraturan yang diberikan gurunya. Guru berniat baik untuk membentuk dan menumbuhkan peserta didik agar mencapai tujuan pendidikan. Namun demikian dalam memberikan hukuman tidak boleh berlebihan. Sampai saat ini batasan guru dalam memberikan hukuman masih kabur. Artinya, parameter corporal punishment belum ada kepastian hukumannya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengangkat permasalahan parameter Corporal punishment yang diberikan guru kepada peseta didik yang bertujuan ntuk mengetahui parameter hukuman fisik yang diberikan oleh guru kepada peserta didik bisa dikatakan tindak pidanandan untuk mengetahui bagaimana akibat hukum dari pemberian hukuman fisik yang diberikan guru kepada peserta didik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Bahan hukum yang diperoleh melalui kepustakaan dan dianalisis. Hasil penelitian parameter corporal punishment meliputi empat batasan yaitu, pertama ialah pelanggaran yang dilakukan peserta didik. Guru tidak akan menghukum peserta didik apabila peserta didik tidak melakukan kesalahan atau pelanggaran. Kesalahan yang kemudian diberikan hukuman kepada peserta didik. Ada sebab-ada akibat, begitulah hukum yang berlaku. Kedua, hukuman fisik yang diberikan guru kepada peserta didik dapat dilakukan selama tidak benar-benar menyakiti peserta didik, dalam artian tidak sampai membuat peserta didik membutuhkan pertolongan medis. Ketiga, berkesuaian dengan tujuan pendidikan yaitu, guru mendidik dan mendisiplinkan peserta didik dengan seoptimal mungkin. Pemberian hukuman fisik merupakan salah satu upaya akhir (Ultimum Remidium) dalam dunia pendidikan selain mengembalikan peserta didik kepada wali/orang tua (dikeluarkan dari sekolah). Dan keempat, yaitu tujuan dari efek yang ditimbulkan pemberian hukuman terhadap peserta didik. Efek pemberian hukuman terhadap peserta didik hasilnya berbeda-beda. Dalam artian, peserta didik itu unik dan karakteristik antar peserta didik itu berbeda-beda. Akibat hukum yang timbul dari pemberian hukuman fisik kepada peserta didik adalah apabila permasalahan yang terjadi menjadi tindak pidana jika melampaui parameter, akan tetapi tidak menjadi tindak pidana apabila tidak melampaui parameter. Karena akibat hukum tersebut harus memenuhi unsur-unsur tindak pidana, yaitu pelaku, aturan, melawan hukum, kesalahan dan Keadaan darurat. Jika termasuk dalam tindak pidana, maka dalam prosesnya harus menyertakan ahli pendidikan, sehingga jelas apakah perbuatan tersebut atau penghukuman itu merupakan tindak pidana atau bukan tindak pidana. Adapun  sarannya, parameter dibuatkan aturannya secara tertulis agar lebih jelas.   Kata kunci: hukuman fisik, parameter, tujuan pendidikan.   Abstract  The teacher punishes the students with the intention of getting them to be disciplined, so they always obey the school order and the rules given by the teacher. The teacher intend both to form and cultivate the students in order to achieve the educational goals. However, in giving punishment to them should not be excessive. The teacher in giving the punishment remains unclear indicator of limitations until now. It means that the parameters of corporal punishment have not provided legal certainty. Therefore, this study examines the problem of Corporal Punishment parameters that teachers give to the students. Aims to understand parameters and the law concerning corporal punishment given by teacher to students can be crimes. This research is using normative law research method, which uses the statue approach, case approach and conceptual approah. Types of legal materials used is the secondary data consisting of primary and secondary legal materials. The authors collected legal material and process it to make a legal decision against the concrete cases. Legal material has been obtained, then processed and analyzed. The results of Corporal Punishment parameters include four limitations, the first limitation is the violation committed by the students. The mistakes that are then given the punishment to the students, there is cause and effect, so the law applies. The second limitation, the corporal punishment that teachers give to students can be done as long as it does not really hurt them, means that it does not make students need medical help. The third limitation, corresponds to the purpose of education, that is, teachers educate and discipline students optimally. Provision of corporal punishment is one of the ultimate endeavors (Ultimum Remedium) in the world of education, in addition to returning students to their parents (expelled from school). The fourth limitation, the purpose of the effects of giving the corporal punishment to students. The effect of giving corporal punishment to students has shown different results, it means that each student has different characteristics and uniqueness. The legal consequences arising from the giving of corporal punishment to the student is when the problem becomes a criminal offense if it exceeds a predetermined parameter, then it becomes not a criminal offense if it does not exceed a predetermined parameter. Because the legal consequences must satisfy the elements of criminal acts, namely perpetrators, rules, against the law, mistakes and emergencies. If such action can be categorized as a crime, then in the process there should be an education expert, so it is clear whether the act of punishment is a crime or not. As for his suggestion, the parameters regarding corporal punishment should be made in writing rules.   Keywords: corporal punishment, parameter, educational objectives

Teachers Perception of Learner Autonomy in Senior High School

Abstract The purpose of this study was to describe teachers’ perception about learner autonomy in senior high school. This study was designed as a qualitative research. In doing so, four English teachers in senior high school were interviewed to identify their further general perceptions towards learner autonomy. In this study the researcher used unstructured interview and open ended question to gain the data. The finding has shown that the teachers have a good understanding in learner autonomy principles, a various understanding about the teachers’ practices in offering autonomous learning and a rich understanding in explaining the challenges in helping the learners become more autonomous. Keywords: teachers, perception, learner autonomy Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan pemahaman guru tentang otonomi pelajar di sekolah menengah atas. Penelitian ini dirancang sebagai penelitian kualitatif. Dengan demikian, empat guru bahasa Inggris di sekolah menengah atas diwawancarai untuk mengidentifikasi persepsi umum mereka lebih lanjut terhadap otonomi pelajar. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan wawancara tidak terstruktur dan pertanyaan terbuka untuk mendapatkan data. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa para guru memiliki pemahaman yang baik dalam prinsip otonomi pelajar, berbagai pemahaman tentang praktik guru dalam menawarkan pembelajaran otonom dan pemahaman yang kaya dalam menjelaskan tantangan dalam membantu peserta didik menjadi lebih otonom. Kata kunci: guru, persepsi, otonomi pembelaja

Bim and Bmf synergize to induce apoptosis in Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection

Abstract: Bcl-2 family proteins including the pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins are central regulators of apoptotic cell death. Here we show by a focused siRNA miniscreen that the synergistic action of the BH3-only proteins Bim and Bmf is required for apoptosis induced by infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ngo). While Bim and Bmf were associated with the cytoskeleton of healthy cells, they both were released upon Ngo infection. Loss of Bim and Bmf from the cytoskeleton fraction required the activation of Jun-N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK-1), which in turn depended on Rac-1. Depletion and inhibition of Rac-1, JNK-1, Bim, or Bmf prevented the activation of Bak and Bax and the subsequent activation of caspases. Apoptosis could be reconstituted in Bim-depleted and Bmf-depleted cells by additional silencing of antiapoptotic Mcl-1 and Bcl-XL, respectively. Our data indicate a synergistic role for both cytoskeletal-associated BH3-only proteins, Bim, and Bmf, in an apoptotic pathway leading to the clearance of Ngo-infected cells. Author Summary: A variety of physiological death signals, as well as pathological insults, trigger apoptosis, a genetically programmed form of cell death. Pathogens often induce host cell apoptosis to establish a successful infection. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ngo), the etiological agent of the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhoea, is a highly adapted obligate human-specific pathogen and has been shown to induce apoptosis in infected cells. Here we unveil the molecular mechanisms leading to apoptosis of infected cells. We show that Ngo-mediated apoptosis requires a special subset of proapoptotic proteins from the group of BH3-only proteins. BH3-only proteins act as stress sensors to translate toxic environmental signals to the initiation of apoptosis. In a siRNA-based miniscreen, we found Bim and Bmf, BH3-only proteins associated with the cytoskeleton, necessary to induce host cell apoptosis upon infection. Bim and Bmf inactivated different inhibitors of apoptosis and thereby induced cell death in response to infection. Our data unveil a novel pathway of infection-induced apoptosis that enhances our understanding of the mechanism by which BH3-only proteins control apoptotic cell death