Fibers and global geometry of functions

Since the seminal work of Ambrosetti and Prodi, the study of global folds was enriched by geometric concepts and extensions accomodating new examples. We present the advantages of considering fibers, a construction dating to Berger and Podolak's view of the original theorem. A description of folds in terms of properties of fibers gives new perspective to the usual hypotheses in the subject. The text is intended as a guide, outlining arguments and stating results which will be detailed elsewhere

MoonLITE – Technological feasibility of the penetrator concept

Introduction: While the surface missions to the Moon of the 1960s and 1970s achieved a great deal, scientifically a great deal was also left unresolved. The recent plethora of lunar missions (flown or proposed) reflects resurgence in interest in the Moon, not only in its own right, but also as a record of the formation of the Earth-Moon System and the interplanetary environment at 1 AU. Results from orbiter missions have indicated the possible presense of ice within permanently shaded craters at the lunar poles [1] – a situation that, if confirmed, will have profound impacts on lunar exploration

'Mine's a Pint of Bitter': Performativity, gender, class and representations of authenticity in real-ale tourism

Leisure choices are expressive of individual agency around the maintenance of taste, boundaries, identity and community. This research paper is part of a wider project designed to assess the social and cultural value of real ale to tourism in the north of England. This paper explores the performativity of real-ale tourism and debates about belonging in northern English real-ale communities. The research combines an ethnographic case study of a real-ale festival with semi-structured interviews with organisers and volunteers, northern English real-ale brewers and real-ale tourists visiting the festival. It is argued that real-ale tourism, despite its origins in the logic of capitalism, becomes a space where people can perform Habermasian, communicative leisure, and despite the contradictions of preferring some capitalist industries over others on the basis of their perceived smaller size and older age, real-ale fans demonstrate agency in their performativity

Black Hole Spin in X-Ray Binaries: Observational Consequences

We discuss the observational consequences of black hole spin in X-ray binaries within the framework of the standard thin accretion disk model. When compared to theoretical flux distribution from the surface of a thin disk surrounding a Kerr black hole, the observed X-ray properties of the Galactic superluminal jet sources, GRO J1655-40 and GRS 1915+105, strongly suggest that each contains a black hole spinning rapidly in the same direction as the accretion disk. We show, however, that some other black hole binaries with an ultra-soft X-ray component probably harbor only non- or slowly-spinning black holes, and we argue that those with no detectable ultra-soft component above 1-2 keV in their high luminosity state may contain a fast-spinning black hole but with a retrograde disk. Therefore, all classes of known black hole binaries are united within one scheme. Furthermore, we explore the possibility that spectral state transitions in Cyg X-1 are simply due to temporary disk reversal, which can occur in a wind accretion system.Comment: 18 pages, 1 table, 2 figures. Accepted for ApJ Letters, to appear in Vol. 482, June 2

Variation with mass of \boldmath{B(E3; 0_1^+ \to 3_1^-)} transition rates in A=124−134A=124-134 even-mass xenon nuclei

$B(E3; 0_1^+ \to 3_1^-)$ transition matrix elements have been measured for even-mass $^{124-134}$Xe nuclei using sub-barrier Coulomb excitation in inverse kinematics. The trends in energy $E(3^-)$ and $B(E3; 0_1^+ \to 3_1^-)$ excitation strengths are well reproduced using phenomenological models based on a strong coupling picture with a soft quadrupole mode and an increasing occupation of the intruder $h_{11/2}$ orbital.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, PRC in pres

Partially Absorbed Comptonization Spectrum from the Nearly Edge-on Source X 1822-371

We report the results of a spectral analysis over the range 0.1-200 keV performed on the dipping source X 1822-371 observed by BeppoSAX. We find the best fit to the continuum using a partially covered Comptonization model, due to scattering off soft seed photons by electrons at a temperature of ~4.8 keV, without the presence of any soft blackbody emission. The equivalent hydrogen column obtained for the absorbed component is ~4.5 10^{22} cm^{-2}, an order of magnitude larger than the Galactic absorption for this source, and the covering fraction is ~71%. Because the inclination angle of X 1822-371 to the line of sight is ~85^\circ, this model gives a reasonable scenario for the source: the Comptonized spectrum could come from an extended accretion disk corona (ADC), probably the only region that can be directly observed due to the high inclination. The excess of matter producing the partial covering could be close to the equatorial plane of the system, above the outer disk, occulting the emission from the inner disk and the inner part of the ADC. An iron emission line is also present at ~6.5 keV with an equivalent width of ~150 eV. We argue that this strong iron line cannot be explained as reflection of the Comptonized spectrum by the accretion disk. It is probably produced in the ADC. An emission line at ~1.9 keV (with an equivalent width of ~54 eV) and an absorption edge at \~8.7 keV (with an optical depth of ~0.1) are also required to fit this spectrum. These features are probably produced by highly ionized iron (Fe XXIV) present in the outer part of the ADC, where the plasma density is \~10^{11}-10^{12} cm^{-3} and ionized plasma is present.Comment: 15 pages, including 3 figures. Accepted by ApJ. Corrected typos and Figure

Crab cavities for linear colliders

Crab cavities have been proposed for a wide number of accelerators and interest in crab cavities has recently increased after the successful operation of a pair of crab cavities in KEK-B. In particular crab cavities are required for both the ILC and CLIC linear colliders for bunch alignment. Consideration of bunch structure and size constraints favour a 3.9 GHz superconducting, multi-cell cavity as the solution for ILC, whilst bunch structure and beam-loading considerations suggest an X-band copper travelling wave structure for CLIC. These two cavity solutions are very different in design but share complex design issues. Phase stabilisation, beam loading, wakefields and mode damping are fundamental issues for these crab cavities. Requirements and potential design solutions will be discussed for both colliders.Comment: 3 pages. To be published in proceedings of LINAC 2008, Victoria, Canad

A Lexical Database of Portuguese Multiword Expressions

This presentation focuses on an ongoing project which aims at the creation of a large lexical database of Portuguese multiword (MW) units, automatically extracted through the analysis of a balanced 50 million word corpus, statistically interpreted with lexical association measures and validated by hand. This database covers different types of MW units, like named entities, and lexical associations ranging from sets of favoured co-occurring forms with high corpus frequency and low cohesion to strongly lexicalized expressions with no, or minimum, variation. This new resource has a two-fold objective: to be an important research tool which supports the development of collocation typologies and their integration in a larger theory of MW units; to be of major help in developing and evaluating language processing tools able of dealing with MW expressions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Thermal H₂O emission from the Herbig-Haro flow HH 54

The first detection of thermal water emission from a Herbig-Haro object is presented. The observations were performed with the LWS (Long Wavelength Spectrograph) aboard ISO (Infrared Space Observatory). Besides H2O, rotational lines of CO are present in the spectrum of HH 54. These high-J CO lines are used to derive the physical model parameters of the FIR (far-infrared) molecular line emitting regions. This model fits simultaneously the observed OH and H2O spectra for an OH abundance X(OH)=10-6 and a water vapour abundance X(H2O)=10-5. At a distance of 250pc, the total CO, OH and H2O rotational line cooling rate is estimated to be 1.3x10-2 L⊙, which is comparable to the mechanical luminosity generated by the 10km s-1 shocks, suggesting that practically all of the cooling of the weak-shock regions is done by these three molecular species alone