The illusion of autonomy: an ethnography of teachers’ professional lives in a primary academy in England

This thesis reports on an ethnographic research of primary school teachers’ lived experiences of working and teaching in a school that had recently converted from a LA maintained community school to an academy. The aim of this doctoral study is to explore teachers’ work and capture the changing nature of the teacher professionalism in the new educational setting that is a primary academy. Academies are independent schools that are funded by the state but are managed privately. In England, academies built upon the ideas of the City Technology Colleges project developed by the former Conservative Government. They were also modelled on the international independent-state funded schools: charter schools in the Unites States of America and Swedish free schools. The first academies were opened in 2002 under the New Labour Government. At that time, the purpose of the Academies Programme was to address poor performance by creating different types of secondary schools in disadvantaged areas. Since 2010 when the Coalition Government took office, the academies programme expanded greatly encompassing primary schools. Since then, the rhetoric behind the Academies Programme revolves around greater freedom and autonomy for schools. The expansion of the Academies Programme has led to the growth in the number of teachers working in these settings. Yet, studies investigating the experiences of teachers working in academies, in particular those in primary academies, are limited. Therefore, this ethnographic research set out to address the gap in what is currently known about implications of the Academies Programme for teachers’ work and professionalism. In relation to this, teachers’ professional autonomy constitutes a central theme in the analysis presented in this thesis. The fieldwork was conducted over the period of one school year (September 2014-July 2015) in Bricklane Primary Academy (pseudonym) situated in an inner-city location in the North West of England. The data were generated through the use of participant observations, photographs, documentary analysis, informal conversations and ethnographic interviews and focus groups. The research participants included teaching staff and academy senior leaders who work in Bricklane Primary Academy. Frostenson’s (2015) three levels of teachers’ professional autonomy provides a framework for analysis and presentation of the research findings. Drawing upon labour process theory, the main findings of the research indicated that the work of primary academy teachers is greatly constrained by policies at school and at national levels that limit teachers’ professional autonomy. The findings suggest that the Academies Programme has contributed to diminishing the professional autonomy of teachers and thus contradict the policy rhetoric underpinning academies which promulgates greater freedom and autonomy

MASked-unconTrolled hypERtension management based on office BP or on ambulatory blood pressure measurement (MASTER) Study: a randomised controlled trial protocol.

Masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUCH) carries an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) complications and can be identified through combined use of office (O) and ambulatory (A) blood pressure (BP) monitoring (M) in treated patients. However, it is still debated whether the information carried by ABPM should be considered for MUCH management. Aim of the MASked-unconTrolled hypERtension management based on OBP or on ambulatory blood pressure measurement (MASTER) Study is to assess the impact on outcome of MUCH management based on OBPM or ABPM

Prognostic value of the interval from surgery to initiation of radiation therapy in correlation with some histoclinical parameters in patients with malignant supratentorial gliomas

International audienceAim of the study: To determine the relationship between the interval from surgery to initiation of radiation therapy (ISRT) and prognostic factors, such as age, performance status, tumour location, extent of surgical resection and tumour histology in patients with malignant gliomas. Materials and methods: From 1995 to 2005, 308 adults patients with supraten - torial malignant gliomas (198 glioblastomas, and 110 anaplastic astrocytomas) received postoperative radiotherapy with radical intent. A total tumour dose of 60 Gy in 30 fractions in 6 weeks was delivered. ISRT varied from 15 to 124 days, with median time of 37 days, and it was a cut-off value to assess the results. The end point in our study was two-year overall survival. Results: The two-year overall survival rate in the whole group was 17%, with 24% for patients with ISRT value ≤ 37 days, and 14% for patients with an interval longer than 37 days (p = 0.042). Univariate analysis showed that delayed initiation of radiotherapy influenced the outcome of patients with glioblastoma older than 40 years, and with other than frontal location of tumour. Two-year overall survival rates for ISRT ≤ 37 days were 15%, 18% and 22% respectively, compared to 8%, 4% and 11% for ISRT \textgreater 37 days. In amultivariate analysis (Cox's model) the only variables that were significantly associated with worse survival were older age and ISRT prolonged for more than 37 days. Conclusion: The study showed longer than 37 days waiting time from surgery to initiation of radiotherapy to be a significant predictor of overall survival for adult patients with malignant supratentorial gliomas