Transformation Through Disorientation: A Narrative Approach to Perspective Change in Study Abroad Contexts

Participation in study abroad programs has more than tripled over the last quarter century. As more college students opt to study cross culturally, understanding this impact on student development is relevant. Disorientation through culture shock is a recognized common experience in study abroad programs; however, limited research is available on what perspective transformations emerge for students through this process. The purpose of this narrative study was to explore the perspective changes that may have occurred in the lives of Council of Christian Colleges and Universities students through their participation in the Oxford Programme for Undergraduate Studies. This study explored the experiences of eight alumni from Azusa Pacific University, who studied abroad through the Oxford Programme for Undergraduate Studies (OPUS) between 2011-2015. The following research questions that guided this study were: What stories do participants share about their lived experiences during the Oxford Programme for Undergraduate Studies (OPUS) study abroad semester, and their transition home? How do the participants' stories reflect disorientation from their study abroad experiences and their transitions home? How do these study abroad experiences affect participant perceptions of personal identity, spirituality, and academic pursuits? Data was gathered through interviews, researcher observations and artifacts, and analyzed for codes and themes. The study's findings revealed that self-realization occurred for participants through experiences of daily exploration, intellectual pursuit, and in the context of community. Furthermore, the results indicated that: the Oxford tutorial system promoted a process of transformative learning; the OPUS semester structure fostered identity development, leading to expressed confidence and a sense of belonging; spiritual development is a holistic and integrative process, and; the transition back to campus from Oxford was more difficult than the transition abroad. Recommendations include supporting students with a seminar during the semester following their return, and connection to faculty within their major for extended learning opportunities.Ed.D., Educational Leadership and Management -- Drexel University, 201

Start me up: The relationship between volcanic eruption characteristics and eruption initiation mechanisms

Understanding the processes that initiate volcanic eruptions after periods of quiescence are of paramount importance to interpreting volcano monitoring signals and mitigating volcanic hazards. However, studies of eruption initiation mechanisms are rarely systematically applied to high-risk volcanoes. Studies of erupted materials provide important insight into eruption initiation, as they provide direct insight into the physical and chemical changes that occur in magma reservoirs prior to eruptions, but are also often underutilized. Petrologic and geochemical studies can also constrain the timing of processes involved in eruption initiation, and the time that might be expected to elapse between remote detection of increased activity and eventual eruption. A compilation and analysis of literature data suggests that there are statistical differences in the composition, volume, style and timescales between eruptions initiated by different mechanisms. Knowledge of the processes that initiate eruptions at a given volcano may thus have significant predictive power

Results of the 2004 Knowledge and Opinions Surveys for the Baseline Knowledge Assessment of the U.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen Program

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Hydrogen Program focuses on overcoming critical barriers to the widespread use of hydrogen fuel cell technology. The transition to a new, hydrogen-based energy economy requires an educated human infrastructure. With this in mind, the DOE Hydrogen Program conducted statistical surveys to measure and establish baselines for understanding and awareness about hydrogen, fuel cells, and a hydrogen economy. The baseline data will serve as a reference in designing an education program, and it will be used in comparisons with future survey results (2008 and 2011) to measure changes in understanding and awareness. Scientific sampling was used to survey four populations: (1) the general public, ages 18 and over; (2) students, ages 12-17; (3) state and local government officials; and (4) potential large-scale hydrogen users. It was decided that the survey design should include about 1,000 individuals in each of the general public and student categories, about 250 state and local officials, and almost 100 large-scale end users. The survey questions were designed to accomplish specific objectives. Technical questions measured technical understanding and awareness of hydrogen technology. Opinion questions measured attitudes about safety, cost, the environment, and convenience, as well as the likelihood of future applications of hydrogen technology. For most of the questions, "I don't know" or "I have no opinion" were acceptable answers. Questions about information sources assessed how energy technology information is received. The General Public and Student Survey samples were selected by random digit dialing. Potential large-scale end users were selected by random sampling. The State and Local Government Survey was of the entire targeted population of government officials (not a random sample). All four surveys were administered by computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI). For each population, the length of the survey was less than 15 minutes. Design of an education program is beyond the scope of the report, and comparisons of the baseline data with future results will not be made until the survey is fielded again. Nevertheless, a few observations about the data are salient: For every population group, average scores on the technical knowledge questions were lower for the fuel cell questions than for the other technical questions. State and local officials expressed more confidence in hydrogen safety than large-scale end users, and they were much more confident than either the general public or students. State and local officials also scored much higher on the technical questions. Technical understanding appears to influence opinions about safety. For the General Public, Student, and Large-Scale End User Surveys, respondents with above-average scores on the eleven technical questions were more likely to have an opinion about hydrogen technology safety, and for those respondents who expressed an opinion, their opinion was more likely to be positive. These differences were statistically significant. Using criteria of "Sometimes" or "Frequently" to describe usage, respondents rated media sources for obtaining energy information. The general public and students responded that television is the primary media source of energy information. State and local officials and large-scale end users indicated that their primary media sources are newspapers, the Internet, and science and technology journals. In order of importance, the general public values safety, cost, environment, and convenience. The Large-Scale End User Survey suggests that there is presently little penetration of hydrogen technology; nor is there much planning for it

Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Pathogenicity of Bibersteinia trehalosi in Respiratory Disease among Calves

Bibersteinia trehalosi causes respiratory disease in ruminants particularly in wild and domestic sheep. Recently, there has been an increased number of B. trehalosi isolates obtained from diagnostic samples from bovine respiratory disease cases. This study evaluated the role of B. trehalosi in bovine respiratory disease using an intra-tracheal inoculation model in calves. Thirty six cross bred 2–3 month old dairy calves were inoculated intra-tracheally with either leukotoxin negative B. trehalosi, leukotoxin positive B. trehalosi isolate, Mannheimia haemolytica, a combination of leukotoxin negative B. trehalosi and M. haemolytica or negative control. Calves were euthanized and necropsy performed on day 10 of study. B. trehalosi inoculated calves did not have increased lung involvement compared to control calves. Additionally, B. trehalosiwas only cultured once from the lungs of inoculated calves at necropsy. Based on these findings B. trehalosi may not be a primary pathogen of respiratory disease in cattle. Culture of B. trehalosifrom diagnostic submissions should not be immediately identified as a primary cause of respiratory disease

¿Cómo monitorear el movimiento del ganado en un mosaico de áreas boscosas con GPS en combinación con SIG?

El manejo de bosques de Piñon-Juniper (PJ) ocupa más de 30 millones de hectáreas en el oeste de Estados Unidos. Este ecosistema constituye un importante recurso para la producción y conservación de vida silvestre. Sin embargo, estos han cambiado considerablemente los últimos 30 años, principalmente para manejar ganado en pastoreo. El objetivo fue determinar la cobertura de dosel (TCC) y monitorear, durante la primavera, el uso del ganado del paisaje arbolado. El estudio se realizó en una pastura de 146 ha de la zona central de Nuevo México. La TCC de PJ se determinó a partir de ortofotos digitales recientes usando Feature Analyst® para ArcGIS® 9.1. El sitio de estudio fue segmentado en celdas de 1 ha para mapear cobertura arbórea. Ocho vacas, equipadas con GPS, fueron rastreadas durante 31 días a intervalos de 5 min. Una sección de la pastura con cobertura arbórea mayor que 30 % se utilizó para describir la relación distribución de pastoreo y cobertura de dosel. Se encontró una relación exponencial negativa significativa entre TCC y el uso relativo del ganado (y = 450,41e-12,329x). La cubierta arbórea explicó 50,1 % de la variación en la utilización relativa por el ganado de las celdas. La mayoría de las posiciones animales registradas en áreas dominadas por PJ ocurrieron en celdas con 30-50 % de TCC. Una cobertura del dosel de 50 % podría proporcionar un equilibrio adecuado entre la permanencia y el consumo de  forraje para el ganado durante la primavera

Multifunctional nanoparticles for drug/gene delivery in nanomedicine

Multifunctional nanoparticles hold great promise for drug/gene delivery. Multilayered nanoparticles can act as nanomedical systems with on-board "molecular programming" to accomplish complex multi-step tasks. For example, the targeting process has only begun when the nanosystem has found the correct diseased cell of interest. Then it must pass the cell membrane and avoid enzymatic destruction within the endosomes of the cell. Since the nanosystem is only about one millionth the volume of a human cell, for it to have therapeutic efficacy with its contained package, it must deliver that drug or gene to the appropriate site within the living cell. The successive delayering of these nanosystems in a controlled fashion allows the system to accomplish operations that would be difficult or impossible to do with even complex single molecules. In addition, portions of the nanosystem may be protected from premature degradation or mistargeting to non-diseased cells. All of these problems remain major obstacles to successful drug delivery with a minimum of deleterious side effects to the patient. This paper describes some of the many components involved in the design of a general platform technology for nanomedical systems. The feasibility of most of these components has been demonstrated by our group and others. But the integration of these interacting sub-components remains a challenge. We highlight four components of this process as examples. Each subcomponent has its own sublevels of complexity. But good nanomedical systems have to be designed/engineered as a full nanomedical system, recognizing the need for the other components

AEGIS: New Evidence Linking Active Galactic Nuclei to the Quenching of Star Formation

Utilizing Chandra X-ray observations in the All-wavelength Extended Groth Strip International Survey (AEGIS) we identify 241 X-ray selected Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs, L > 10^{42} ergs/s) and study the properties of their host galaxies in the range 0.4 < z < 1.4. By making use of infrared photometry from Palomar Observatory and BRI imaging from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, we estimate AGN host galaxy stellar masses and show that both stellar mass and photometric redshift estimates (where necessary) are robust to the possible contamination from AGNs in our X-ray selected sample. Accounting for the photometric and X-ray sensitivity limits of the survey, we construct the stellar mass function of X-ray selected AGN host galaxies and find that their abundance decreases by a factor of ~2 since z~1, but remains roughly flat as a function of stellar mass. We compare the abundance of AGN hosts to the rate of star formation quenching observed in the total galaxy population. If the timescale for X-ray detectable AGN activity is roughly 0.5-1 Gyr--as suggested by black hole demographics and recent simulations--then we deduce that the inferred AGN "trigger" rate matches the star formation quenching rate, suggesting a link between these phenomena. However, given the large range of nuclear accretion rates we infer for the most massive and red hosts, X-ray selected AGNs may not be directly responsible for quenching star formation.Comment: 12 pages. Submitted to ApJ. Comments welcom

The Role of Environment in the Mass-Metallicity Relation

Using a sample of 57,377 star-forming galaxies drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we study the relationship between gas-phase oxygen abundance and environment in the local Universe. We find that there is a strong relationship between metallicity and environment such that more metal-rich galaxies favor regions of higher overdensity. Furthermore, this metallicity-density relation is comparable in strength to the color-density relation along the blue cloud. After removing the mean dependence of environment on color and luminosity, we find a significant residual trend between metallicity and environment that is largely driven by galaxies in high-density regions, such as groups and clusters. We discuss the potential source of this relationship between metallicity and local galaxy density in the context of feedback models, with special attention paid to quantifying the impact of environment on the scatter in the mass-metallicity relation. We find that environment is a non-negligible source of scatter in this fundamental relation, with > 15% of the measured scatter correlated with environment.Comment: Submitted to MNRA

Bostonia: 1998-1999, no. 1, 3-4

Founded in 1900, Bostonia magazine is Boston University's main alumni publication, which covers alumni and student life, as well as university activities, events, and programs