Attitudes towards schizophrenia on YouTube: A content analysis of Finnish and Greek videos

<p><i>Objective</i>: To investigate attitudes towards schizophrenia and people with schizophrenia presented in YouTube videos.</p> <p><i>Methods</i>: We searched YouTube using the search terms “schizophrenia” and “psychosis” in Finnish and Greek language on April 3rd, 2013. The first 20 videos from each search (<i>N</i> = 80) were retrieved. Deductive content analysis was first applied for coding and data interpretation and it was followed by descriptive statistical analysis.</p> <p><i>Results</i>: A total of 52 videos were analyzed (65%). The majority of the videos were in the “Music” category (50%, <i>n</i> = 26). Most of the videos (83%, <i>n</i> = 43) tended to present schizophrenia in a negative way, while less than a fifth (17%, <i>n</i> = 9) presented schizophrenia in a positive or neutral way. Specifically, the most common negative attitude towards schizophrenia was dangerousness (29%, <i>n</i> = 15), while the most often identified positive attitude was objective, medically appropriate beliefs (21%, <i>n</i> = 11). All attitudes identified were similarly present in the Finnish and Greek videos, without any statistically significant difference.</p> <p><i>Conclusions</i>: Negative presentations of schizophrenia are most likely to be accessed when searching YouTube for schizophrenia in Finnish and Greek language. More research is needed to investigate to what extent, if any, YouTube viewers’ attitudes are affected by the videos they watch.</p

L'Auto-vélo : automobilisme, cyclisme, athlétisme, yachting, aérostation, escrime, hippisme / dir. Henri Desgranges

25 mai 19051905/05/25 (A6,N1683)

Additional file 4: Figure S4. of Operational integration in primary health care: patient encounters and workflows

Optimal processes workflows for patients with urgent or acute problems/symptoms. Distributed the optimal patient flows within the PHC units, as they are proposed by the project. It depicts the processes workflows of patients with urgent or acute problems/symptoms seeking for PHC services. (JPEG 182 kb

Additional file 5: Figure S5. of Operational integration in primary health care: patient encounters and workflows

Optimal processes workflows for patients in need of prevention services. Distributed the optimal patient flows within the PHC units, as they are proposed by the project. It depicts the processes workflows of patients seeking for prevention services in PHC units. (JPEG 5066 kb

Additional file 2: of Internet use, eHealth literacy and attitudes toward computer/internet among people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a cross-sectional study in two distant European regions

Tables with the full regression models. (DOCX 20 kb

Reporting mental health problems of undocumented migrants in Greece: A qualitative exploration

<p><b>Background:</b> Mental health problems are highly prevalent amongst undocumented migrants (UMs), and often part of their consultations with general practitioners (GPs). Little empirical data are available of how GPs and UMs engage around mental health in Greece, a country with a lack of balance between primary and secondary care and limited healthcare provisions for UMs.</p> <p><b>Objectives:</b> To acquire insight in the barriers and levers in the provision of mental healthcare for UMs by GPs in Greece.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> This was a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 12 GPs in Crete, Greece with clinical expertise in the care of UMs. All interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim and were analysed using thematic content analysis.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Greek GPs recognized many mental health problems in UMs and identified the barriers that prevented them from discussing these problems and delivering appropriate care: growing societal resistance towards UMs, budget cuts in healthcare, administrative obstacles and lack of support from the healthcare system. To overcome these barriers, Greek GPs provided UMs with free access to care and psychotropic drugs free of charge, and referred to other primary care professionals rather than to mental healthcare institutions.</p> <p><b>Conclusion:</b> Greek GPs experienced substantial barriers in the provision of mental healthcare to UMs and political, economic and organizational factors played a major role.</p

Participatory implementation research in the field of migrant health: sustainable changes and ripple effects over time

Objective: This study aimed to explore whether positive impacts were sustained and unanticipated ripple effects had occurred four years after the implementation of interventions to improve cross-cultural communication in primary care. Background: Sustaining the implementation of change using complex interventions is challenging. The EU-funded “RESTORE” study implemented guidelines and training on cross-cultural communication in five Primary Care sites in Europe, combining implementation theory (Normalisation Process Theory) with participatory methodology (participatory learning and action—PLA). There were positive impacts on knowledge, skills and clinical routines. Design, setting and participants: Four of the five original sites (England, Ireland, Greece, The Netherlands) were available for this qualitative follow-up study. The study population (N = 44) was primary healthcare staff and migrants, most of whom had participated in RESTORE. Intervention; main outcome measures: PLA-style focus groups and interviews explored routine practice during consultations with migrants. Etic cards based on the effects of RESTORE stimulated the discussion. Deductive framework analysis was performed in each country followed by comparative data analysis and synthesis. Results: Changes in knowledge, attitudes and behaviour with regard to consultations with migrants were sustained and migrants felt empowered by their participation in RESTORE. There were ongoing concerns about macro level factors, like the political climate and financial policies, negatively affecting migrant healthcare. Conclusion: There were sustained effects in clinical settings, and additional unanticipated positive ripple effects, due in part, from the participatory approach employe

Exploring barriers to primary care for migrants in Greece in times of austerity: perspectives of service providers

Background: Migration in Europe is increasing at an unprecedented rate. There is an urgentneed to develop ‘migrant-sensitive healthcare systems’. However, there are many barriers to healthcare for migrants. Despite Greece’s recent, significant experiences of inward migration during a period of economic austerity, little is known about Greek primary care service providers’ experiences of delivering care to migrants. Objectives: To identify service providers’ views on the barriers to migrant healthcare. Methods: Qualitative study involving six participatory learning and action (PLA) focus group sessions with nine service providers. Data generation was informed by normalization process theory (NPT). Thematic analysis was applied to identify barriers to efficient migrant healthcare. Results: Three main provider and system-related barriers emerged: (a) emphasis on major challenges in healthcare provision, (b) low perceived control and effectiveness to support migrant healthcare, and (c) attention to impoverished local population. Conclusion: The study identified major provider and system-related barriers in the provision of primary healthcare to migrants. It is important for the healthcare system in Greece to provide appropriate supports for communication in cross-cultural consultations for its diversifying population

Using participatory learning & action (PLA) research techniques for inter-stakeholder dialogue in primary healthcare: an analysis of stakeholders’ experiences

Background In order to be effective, primary healthcare must understand the health needs, values and expectations of the population it serves. Recent research has shown that the involvement of service users and other stakeholders and gathering information on their perspectives can contribute positively to many aspects of primary healthcare. Participatory methodologies have the potential to support engagement and dialogue between stakeholders from academic, migrant community and health service settings. This paper focuses on a specific participatory research methodology, Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) in which all stakeholders are regarded as equal partners and collaborators in research. Our research question for this paper was: "Does the application of PLA lead to meaningful engagement of all stakeholders, and if so, what elements contribute to apositive and productive inter-stakeholder dialogue?". Methods We explored the use of PLA in RESTORE, a European FP7-funded project, during 2011– 2015 in 5 countries: Austria, Greece, Ireland, the Netherlands and the UK. The objective of RESTORE was to investigate and support the implementation of guidelines and training initiatives (G/TIs) to enhance communication in cross-cultural primary care consultations with migrants. Seventy eight stakeholders (migrants, interpreters, doctors, nurses and others – see Table 2) participated in a total of 62 PLA sessions (discussions, activities, evaluations) of approximately 2–3 h’ duration across the five sites. During the fieldwork, qualitative data were generated about stakeholders’ experiences of engagement in this dialogue, by means of various methods including participatory evaluations, researchers’ fieldwork reports and researcher interviews. These were analysed following the principles of thematic analysis. Results Stakeholders involved in PLA inter-stakeholder dialogues reported a wide range of positive experiences of engagement, and very few negative experiences. A positive atmosphere during early research sessions helped to create a sense of safety and trust. This enabled stakeholders from very different backgrounds, with different social status and power, to offer their perspectives in a way that led to enhanced learning in the group – they learned with and from each other. This fostered shifts in understanding – for example, a doctor changed her view on interpreted consultations because of the input of the migrant service-users. Conclusion PLA successfully promoted stakeholder involvement in meaningful and productive inter-stakeholder dialogues. This makes it an attractive approach to enhance the further development of health research partnerships to advance primary healthcare

Logistic regression estimates (OR) for the relation between social support and health-related lifestyles

<p>* p <0.05</p><p>** p <0.01</p><p>Logistic regression estimates (OR) for the relation between social support and health-related lifestyles</p