Justapapillar Duodenal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (gist) Local Resection: A Case Report

Introduction: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most frequent non-epithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The most common location is the stomach, followed by small intestine, being very rare the cases of duodenal origin, where it can cause digestive bleeding and anemia. The surgical resection of the tumor is the gold-standard treatment and the definitive diagnosis is based on immunohistochemical analysis of the surgical specimen.Case presentation: A case of exophytic and endophytic GIST located in the second portion of the duodenum, one centimeter below the duodenal papilla, was reported in a 33-year-old female patient.Conclusion: The gold-standard treatment is surgical resection of the tumor with negative margins (R0), with no need for lymphadenectomy. Local lesion resection or duodenopancreatectomy can be performed. Duodenopancreatectomy, unlike local resection of the lesion, is associated with increased length of hospital stay and longer intraoperative time. Therefore, it should be reserved for lesions that cannot be resected locally. Fortunately, a local resection was performed, which have a more favorable prognosis

Treatment of posterior gastric wall gastrointestinal stromal tumor with gastric sleeve: A case report

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common non-epithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract1. The most usual location is the stomach, followed by the small intestine, where it may cause digestive bleeding and anemia6. Surgical resection of the tumor is the gold standard treatment, and definitive diagnosis is based on immunohistochemical analysis of the surgical specimen8. We report the case of a 53-year-old man with gastric GIST presenting with endophytic and exophytic growth, located at the posterior wall of the stomach, in the antrum-body transitional zone, treated with gastric sleeve.Keywords: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors; gastrointestinal neoplasms; gastric sleeve; diagnosis; prognosis; treatmen

The Role of Radiation Induced Injury on Lung Cancer

This manuscript evaluates the role of cell killing, tissue disorganization, and tissue damage on the induction of lung cancer following low dose rate radiation exposures from internally deposited radioactive materials. Beagle dogs were exposed by inhalation to 90Y, 91Y, 144Ce, or 90Sr in fused clay particles. Dogs lived out their life span with complete pathology conducted at the time of death. The radiation dose per cell turnover was characterized and related to the cause of death for each animal. Large doses per cell turnover resulted in acute death from lung damage with extensive cell killing, tissue disorganization, chronic inflammatory disease, fibrosis, and pneumonitis. Dogs with lower doses per cell turnover developed a very high frequency of lung cancer. As the dose per cell turnover was further decreased, no marked tissue damage and no significant change in either life span or lung cancer frequency was observed. Radiation induced tissue damage and chronic inflammatory disease results in high cancer frequencies in the lung. At doses where a high frequency of chromosome damage and mutations would be predicted to occur there was no decrease in life span or increase in lung cancer. Such research suggests that cell killing and tissue damage and the physiological responses to that damage are important mechanisms in radiation induced lung cancer

Radiation-Induced Alterations in Proliferation, Migration, and Adhesion in Lens Epithelial Cells and Implications for Cataract Development

The lens of the eye is one of the most radiosensitive tissues. Although the exact mechanism of radiation-induced cataract development remains unknown, altered proliferation, migration, and adhesion have been proposed as factors. Lens epithelial cells were exposed to X-rays (0.1–2 Gy) and radiation effects were examined after 12 h and 7 day. Proliferation was quantified using an MTT assay, migration was measured using a Boyden chamber and wound-healing assay, and adhesion was assessed on three extracellular matrices. Transcriptional changes were also examined using RT-qPCR for a panel of genes related to these processes. In general, a nonlinear radiation response was observed, with the greatest effects occurring at a dose of 0.25 Gy. At this dose, a reduction in proliferation occurred 12 h post irradiation (82.06 ± 2.66%), followed by an increase at 7 day (116.16 ± 3.64%). Cell migration was increased at 0.25 Gy, with rates 121.66 ± 6.49% and 232.78 ± 22.22% greater than controls at 12 h and 7 day respectively. Cell adhesion was consistently reduced above doses of 0.25 Gy. Transcriptional alterations were identified at these same doses in multiple genes related to proliferation, migration, and adhesion. Overall, this research began to elucidate the functional changes that occur in lens cells following radiation exposure, thereby providing a better mechanistic understanding of radiation-induced cataract development

Thermal dependence of size-at-hatch in the lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)

Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) embryos incubated at low temperatures have a longer incubation period andhatch at a significantly greater size than those incubated at warmer temperatures. We examined hatch timing and morpholog-ical characteristics for whitefish embryos reared under different constant and varying temperatures to determine whether thethermal dependence of hatching size reflects differences in their development stage. Our results show that lake whitefishembryos hatch at different temperature-dependent developmental stages, and this is the dominant factor affecting size-at-hatch.The term “heterograde” is proposed for the thermal dependence of hatching stage to differentiate it from hatching that occursat a fixed developmental stage. A method to quantify this effect is given using a ratio that describes the difference in relativedevelopment at hatching between different viable constant incubation temperatures. Heterograde hatching is proposed as apossible mechanism to synchronize the timing of hatch to the break-up of winter ice cover despite variability in the date ofspawning and in the onset of spring break-up.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Identification of Radiation-Induced miRNA Biomarkers Using the CGL1 Cell Model System

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a potential class of biomolecules for diagnostic biomarker applications. miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules, produced and released by cells in response to various stimuli, that demonstrate remarkable stability in a wide range of biological fluids, in extreme pH fluctuations, and after multiple freeze–thaw cycles. Given these advantages, identification of miRNA-based biomarkers for radiation exposures can contribute to the development of reliable biological dosimetry methods, especially for low-dose radiation (LDR) exposures. In this study, an miRNAome next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach was utilized to identify novel radiation-induced miRNA gene changes within the CGL1 human cell line. Here, irradiations of 10, 100, and 1000 mGy were performed and the samples were collected 1, 6, and 24 h post-irradiation. Corroboration of the miRNAome results with RT-qPCR verification confirmed the identification of numerous radiation-induced miRNA expression changes at all doses assessed. Further evaluation of select radiation-induced miRNAs, including miR-1228-3p and miR-758-5p, as well as their downstream mRNA targets, Ube2d2, Ppp2r2d, and Id2, demonstrated significantly dysregulated reciprocal expression patterns. Further evaluation is needed to determine whether the candidate miRNA biomarkers identified in this study can serve as suitable targets for radiation biodosimetry applications

IMPACT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SLEEP QUALITY ON HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN COLLEGE STUDENTS

BACKGROUND: Poor sleep quality links to health issues like obesity and insulin resistance. Heart rate variability (HRV) measures autonomic nervous system imbalance, possibly connecting poor sleep to these problems. Emerging evidence suggests a negative link between physical activity (PA) and HRV. However, past studies mainly used subjective questionnaires, neglecting college students (CS) who often have suboptimal sleep habits. Our study explores sleep quality, PA, and HRV in CS. METHODS: Fifteen highly active CS (7 male, 8 female; age = 20.6 ± 2.0 yr; BMI = 23.9 ± 3.8 kg/m2; body fat = 18.9 ± 7.4%) underwent 7 days of PA and sleep assessment using accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X). Subjects wore the device on their hip during waking hours and on their non-dominant wrist during sleep. HRV was assessed over 24 hours using a continuous measurement device worn on the chest (Wellue 24-hour ECG recorder). RESULTS: A negative association was found between daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) minutes and the low frequency to high frequency ratio (LF:HF Ratio) (r = -0.63, P = 0.015). Those with a higher LF:HF Ratio spent less time in MVPA (4.6% ± 0.7) compared to those with a lower LF:HF Ratio (7.5% ± 3.0, P = 0.03), and accumulated fewer average MVPA minutes per hour (2.6 ± 0.4 vs. 4.1 ± 1.7, p = 0.04). Unexpectedly, sleep efficiency (r = -0.68, P = 0.008) and average awakenings per night (r = 0.81, P = 0.001) were associated with a higher root mean square of successive RR intervals (RMSSD). CONCLUSIONS: The LF:HF ratio reflects autonomic nervous system balance, with a higher ratio indicating greater imbalance. Results suggest that less daily MVPA is associated with more significant autonomic imbalance. The connection between sleep and RMSSD remains unclear, but low sleep efficiency and frequent awakenings may hinder achieving rapid-eye-movement sleep, increasing sympathetic activity and reducing HRV