Direct impact of COVID-19 by estimating disability-adjusted life years at national level in France in 2020

Background: The World Health Organization declared a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), on March 11, 2020. The standardized approach of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) allows for quantifying the combined impact of morbidity and mortality of diseases and injuries. The main objective of this study was to estimate the direct impact of COVID-19 in France in 2020, using DALYs to combine the population health impact of infection fatalities, acute symptomatic infections and their post-acute consequences, in 28 days (baseline) up to 140 days, following the initial infection. Methods: National mortality, COVID-19 screening, and hospital admission data were used to calculate DALYs based on the European Burden of Disease Network consensus disease model. Scenario analyses were performed by varying the number of symptomatic cases and duration of symptoms up to a maximum of 140 days, defining COVID-19 deaths using the underlying, and associated, cause of death. Results: In 2020, the estimated DALYs due to COVID-19 in France were 990 710 (1472 per 100 000), with 99% of burden due to mortality (982 531 years of life lost, YLL) and 1% due to morbidity (8179 years lived with disability, YLD), following the initial infection. The contribution of YLD reached 375%, assuming the duration of 140 days of post-acute consequences of COVID-19. Post-acute consequences contributed to 49% of the total morbidity burden. The contribution of YLD due to acute symptomatic infections among people younger than 70 years was higher (67%) than among people aged 70 years and above (33%). YLL among people aged 70 years and above, contributed to 74% of the total YLL. Conclusions: COVID-19 had a substantial impact on population health in France in 2020. The majority of population health loss was due to mortality. Men had higher population health loss due to COVID-19 than women. Post-acute consequences of COVID-19 had a large contribution to the YLD component of the disease burden, even when we assume the shortest duration of 28 days, long COVID burden is large. Further research is recommended to assess the impact of health inequalities associated with these estimates

Exploring Cosmic Origins with CORE: Cosmological Parameters

We forecast the main cosmological parameter constraints achievable with theCORE space mission which is dedicated to mapping the polarisation of the CosmicMicrowave Background (CMB). CORE was recently submitted in response to ESA'sfifth call for medium-sized mission proposals (M5). Here we report the resultsfrom our pre-submission study of the impact of various instrumental options, inparticular the telescope size and sensitivity level, and review the great,transformative potential of the mission as proposed. Specifically, we assessthe impact on a broad range of fundamental parameters of our Universe as afunction of the expected CMB characteristics, with other papers in the seriesfocusing on controlling astrophysical and instrumental residual systematics. Inthis paper, we assume that only a few central CORE frequency channels areusable for our purpose, all others being devoted to the cleaning ofastrophysical contaminants. On the theoretical side, we assume LCDM as ourgeneral framework and quantify the improvement provided by CORE over thecurrent constraints from the Planck 2015 release. We also study the jointsensitivity of CORE and of future Baryon Acoustic Oscillation and Large ScaleStructure experiments like DESI and Euclid. Specific constraints on the physicsof inflation are presented in another paper of the series. In addition to thesix parameters of the base LCDM, which describe the matter content of aspatially flat universe with adiabatic and scalar primordial fluctuations frominflation, we derive the precision achievable on parameters like thosedescribing curvature, neutrino physics, extra light relics, primordial heliumabundance, dark matter annihilation, recombination physics, variation offundamental constants, dark energy, modified gravity, reionization and cosmicbirefringence. (ABRIDGED

Etude de la variation du nombre d’hospitalisations pour infarctus aigu du myocarde après la mise en oeuvre du décret d’interdiction de fumer dans les lieux à usage collectif

Since January 2008, the French Government has decided to ban the consumption of tobacco in all places for collective use, including bars, restaurants and discotheques. This smoke-free legislation extended the previous prohibition applicable in the workplace or in public places (Stations, hospitals, administrations, etc.) effective since February 2007. Several recent international publications, in the United States or in Europe, have shown a decrease in hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction or coronary syndrome as a result of a ban on smoking in public places. The objective of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that the hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction in healthcare facilities in France declined immediately after the introduction of the legislation, taking account of the long-term temporal trend.Le gouvernement français a décidé d'interdire à partir du 1 er janvier 2008 la consommation de tabac dans tous les lieux à usage collectif, y compris bars, restaurants et discothèques. Ce décret étend ainsi la précédente interdiction applicable sur le lieu de travail ou dans les lieux publics (Gares, hôpitaux, administrations…) effective depuis le 1 er février 2007. Plusieurs publications internationales récentes, aux Etats-Unis ou en Europe, ont mis en évidence l'observation d'une diminution, parfois très importante, du nombre des hospitalisations pour infarctus aigu du myocarde ou syndrome coronaire aigu à la suite d'une interdiction de fumer dans les lieux publics. L'objectif de cette étude est d'explorer l'hypothèse selon laquelle la tendance chronologique des taux d'hospitalisation pour infarctus aigu du myocarde dans les établissements de soin situés en France métropolitaine a diminué immédiatement après la mise en place de la législation, compte tenue de la tendance antérieure

Open Access

Estimates of home and leisure injuries treated in emergency departments in the adult population living in metropolitan France: a model-assisted approac

Analyse de clusters sur le temps (application en carcinologie et en épidémiologie)

MONTPELLIER-BU Médecine UPM (341722108) / SudocMONTPELLIER-BU Médecine (341722104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Comportements nutritionnels et morbidité à partir des données de surveillance. ENNS 2006-07, France

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Use of medical administrative data for the surveillance of psychotic disorders in France

Abstract Background Psychotic disorders are among the most severe psychiatric disorders that have great effects on the individuals and the society. For surveillance of chronic low prevalence conditions such as psychotic disorders, medical administrative databases can be useful due to their large coverage of the population, their continuous availability and low costs with possibility of linkage between different databases. The aims of this study are to identify the population with psychotic disorders by different algorithms based on the French medical administrative data and examine the prevalence and characteristics of this population in 2014. Methods The health insurance system covers the entire population living in France and all reimbursements of ambulatory care in private practice are included in a national health insurance claim database, which can be linked with the national hospital discharge databases. Three algorithms were used to select most appropriately persons with psychotic disorders through data from hospital discharge databases, reimbursements for psychotropic medication and full insurance coverage for chronic and costly conditions. Results In France in 2014, estimates of the number of individuals with psychotic disorders were 469,587 (54.6% males) including 237,808 with schizophrenia (63.6% males). Of those, 77.0% with psychotic disorders and 70.8% with schizophrenia received exclusively ambulatory care. Prevalence rates of psychotic disorders were 7.4 per 1000 inhabitants (8.3 in males and 6.4 in females) and 3.8 per 1000 inhabitants (4.9 in males and 2.6 in females) for schizophrenia. Prevalence of psychotic disorders reached a maximum of 14 per 1000 in males between 35 and 49 years old then decreased with age while in females, the highest rate of 10 per 1000 was reached at age 50 without decrease with advancing age. No such plateau was observed in schizophrenia. Discussion This study is the first in France using an exhaustive sample of medical administrative data to derive prevalence rates for psychotic disorders. Although only individuals in contact with healthcare services were included, the rates were congruent with reported estimates from systematic reviews. The feasibility of this study will allow the implementation of a national surveillance of psychotic disorders essential for healthcare management and policy planning

Monitoring the reproductive number of COVID-19 in France: Comparative estimates from three datasets

International audienceBackground: The effective reproduction number (R t ) quantifies the average number of secondary cases caused by one person with an infectious disease. Near-real-time monitoring of R t during an outbreak is a major indicator used to monitor changes in disease transmission and assess the effectiveness of interventions. The estimation of R t usually requires the identification of infected cases in the population, which can prove challenging with the available data, especially when asymptomatic people or with mild symptoms are not usually screened. The purpose of this study was to perform sensitivity analysis of R t estimates for COVID-19 surveillance in France based on three data sources with different sensitivities and specificities for identifying infected cases. Methods: We applied a statistical method developed by Cori et al. to estimate R t using (1) confirmed cases identified from positive virological tests in the population, (2) suspected cases recorded by a national network of emergency departments, and (3) COVID-19 hospital admissions recorded by a national administrative system to manage hospital organization. Results: R t estimates in France from May 27, 2020, to August 12, 2022, showed similar temporal trends regardless of the dataset. Estimates based on the daily number of confirmed cases provided an earlier signal than the two other sources, with an average lag of 3 and 6 days for estimates based on emergency department visits and hospital admissions, respectively. Conclusion: The COVID-19 experience confirmed that monitoring temporal changes in R t was a key indicator to help the public health authorities control the outbreak in real time. However, gaining access to data on all infected people in the population in order to estimate R t is not straightforward in practice. As this analysis has shown, the opportunity to use more readily available data to estimate R t trends, provided that it is highly correlated with the spread of infection, provides a practical solution for monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic and indeed any other epidemic