The cost-efficient abatement strategy for primary PM2.5 emissions between sectors in Delhi to reach the national air quality standard : a static model approach using the current legislation baseline scenario

High level of ambient PM2.5 concentration in cities have negative health implications for the population. Delhi have concentration levels above defined national standards as well as air quality guidelines defined by the WHO. The study estimates sector specific MAC functions for sectors in Delhi contributing to the primary PM2.5 emissions, to find the cost-efficient strategy to reach the national air quality standard for annual population-weighted mean concentration. Different scenarios will be tested giving primary emissions from sectors in Delhi different levels of responsibility in the abatement strategy. The cost-minimization problem is conducted using economic programming with bottom up emission calculations and abatement data based on the GAINS model. Actual data from monitoring stations in Delhi is used to compare with the model estimations and used to derive a regression model with meteorological factors and seasonal dummy variables to further evaluate cost efficiency. For reaching the policy goal, most measures available must be implemented across the sectors giving primary emissions the share of the reduction it contributes. The regression model shows relationship between the concentration and the exogenic meteorological factors including the seasonal dummy variables. The results indicate that variation in activity rates or other seasonal dependent variables not included in the model effect the concentration between the seasons.Höga nivåer av PM2.5 koncentration i städer har en negativ inverkan på befolkningens hälsa. Delhi har koncentrationsnivåer som överskrider definierade nationella standarder samt riktlinjer för luftkvalitet som fastställts av WHO. I studien uppskattas sektorspecifika MAC-funktioner för sektorer i Delhi som bidrar till de primära PM2.5 utsläppen, för att fastställa den kostnadseffektiva strategin för att nå den nationella luftkvalitetsstandarden för årlig befolkningsvägd medelkoncentration. Olika scenarier kommer att testas, vilket ger primära utsläpp från sektorer i Delhi olika ansvarsnivåer i minskningsstrategin. Kostnadsminimeringsproblemet genomförs med hjälp av ekonomisk programmering med nedifrån beräknade utsläpp och reduktionsdata baserat på GAINS-modellen. Faktiska data från övervakningsstationer i Delhi används för att jämföra med modellberäkningarna och estimera en regressionsmodell med meteorologiska faktorer och säsongsvariabler för att ytterligare utvärdera kostnadseffektiviteten. För att nå det politiska målet måste de flesta åtgärderna genomföras i strategin där de primära utsläppen har andelen av minskning som motsvarar andelen de bidrar med. Regressionsmodellen visar förhållandet mellan koncentrationen och de exogena meteorologiska faktorerna inklusive de säsongsmässiga dummyvariablerna. Modellen indikerar att variation i aktivitetsnivåer eller andra säsongsberoende variabler som inte är inkluderade i modellen påverkar koncentrationen mellan årstiderna

Pre-study of Dynamic Amplification Factor for Existing Road Bridges

The Swedish Road network has, since 2018, been divided into four bearing capacity classes (BKs)—BK1–BK4. The heaviest allowed gross vehicle weight increased when BK4 was introduced, from 64 tonnes (BK1) to 74 tonnes (BK4). The Swedish Transport Administration aims, by 2025, to classify 60 % of the strategic road network for the heavy transport industry as BK4, increasing to 70–80 % by 2029. However, to reach these goals, it is estimated that over 700 bridges will need to be strengthened or replaced.This study, using a site-specific investigation to calculate the assessment dynamic ratio (ADR), showed that some of these bridges could be upgraded to BK4. A review of the literature indicated that light vehicles tend to have high dynamic amplification factors (DAFs), but light vehicles do not have critical load effects and are therefore not relevant from a design perspective. Instead, heavy vehicles are critical for the design. Both experimental and analytical investigations have shown that heavy gross vehicle weights result in low DAF values.This report proposes effective ways to collect site-specific dynamic traffic load information and a methodology to produce site-specific dynamic allowances using both experimental measurements and numeric models. It also explains how this methodology can be adopted by transportation agencies to study bridges along transport corridors.Findings from the pre-study have resulted in the following research proposals: sitespecific field measurements to quantify DAFs, guidelines for numerical modelling of vehicle–bridge interactions (VBIs), DAF for each limit state, three–dimensional analysis of VBIs, the introduction of gross vehicle weight into DAF equations, and pilot tests of proposed frameworks for transport corridors. The authors believe that several topics can be covered within the framework of a PhD project

Precision agriculture : a study of the profitability in a Swedish context

A comparison within the European Union (EU), reveals that the Swedish agricultural sector is at a lower rate than other comparable countries regarding competitiveness. The low rate of competitiveness is an adverse development for Sweden, and according to a yearly report created by LRF Konsult the profitability of Swedish grain farming is low (SJV, 2014; www, LRF, 2017). One method to improve the profitability in the agricultural sector is to apply precision agriculture to the operation (Zarco-Tejada et al., 2014). The study aims to examine the profitability of applying precision agriculture in a Swedish context. More specifically the study examines how the economic result is affected on a case farm by applying precision agriculture to the crop operation. To examine the profitability of precision agriculture in a Swedish context a mathematical optimization model is developed. This study applies a quantitative method with a deductive approach. The empirical data used is collected from a case farm in Västergötland. Results from the study indicates that precision agriculture could be a profitable investment for the case farm in the study. The results differ from previous studies, compared to Lawes and Robertson (2011). This study shows a significantly higher profitability increase from implementing precision agriculture. Results display that the case farm would lose less yield under a nitrogen policy implication when using precision agriculture compared to conventional agricultural techniques.Den svenska jordbrukssektorn är mindre konkurrenskraftig i jämförelse med många andra europeiska länder. Den svaga konkurrenskraften leder till en negativ utveckling för det svenska lantbruket, enligt en årlig rapport från LRF konsult är lönsamheten hos svenska växtodlare låg (SJV, 2014; www, LRF, 2017). Ett verktyg för att öka lönsamheten är enligt Zarco-Tejada et al. (2014) att implementera precisionsodling. Studien syftar till att undersöka lönsamheten av att använda precisionsodling i en svensk kontext. Mer specifikt undersöks hur det ekonomiska resultatet påverkas på en fallgård av att implementera precisionsodling i växtodlingen. För att undersöka lönsamheten av precisionsodling utvecklas en matematisk optimeringsmodell. Studien tillämpar en kvantitativ forskningsmetod med en deduktiv ansats. Den empiriska datan är inhämtad från en fallgård i Västergötland. Resultaten av studien visar att en investering i precisionsodlingsteknik kan vara lönsam för fallgården. Resultaten skiljer sig från tidigare studier, jämfört med Lawes and Robertson (2011) visar denna studie på betydligt högre lönsamhet vid en implementering av precisionsodling. Resultaten visar även att fallgården genom att implementera precisionsodling mer effektivt skulle kunna anpassa sig till en restriktion i kväveanvändning jämfört med än en gård med konventionell växtodlingsteknik

Journal Staff

Cells move along surfaces both as single cells and multi-cellular units. Recent research points toward pivotal roles for water flux through aquaporins (AQPs) in single cell migration. Their expression is known to facilitate this process by promoting rapid shape changes. However, little is known about the impact on migrating epithelial sheets during wound healing and epithelial renewal. Here, we investigate and compare the effects of AQP9 on single cell and epithelial sheet migration. To achieve this, MDCK-1 cells stably expressing AQP9 were subjected to migration assessment. We found that AQP9 facilitated cell locomotion at both the single and multi-cellular level. Furthermore, we identified major differences in the monolayer integrity and cell size upon expression of AQP9 during epithelial sheet migration, indicating a rapid volume-regulatory mechanism. We suggest a novel mechanism for epithelial wound healing based on AQP-induced swelling and expansion of the monolayer.Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council for Medicine and Health|2007-34832009-66492010-3045|</p

Tillförlitlighet eller tillfällighet - En studie om aktierekommendationer

Syfte: Undersöka hur stor andel av de aktierekommendationer som utfärdas för svenska aktiebolag som visar sig vara goda råd, ett år efter publiceringsdatum. Vidare analyseras ifall det råder någon specifik skillnad mellan köp- och säljrekommendationer. Metod: Kvantitativ studie med deduktiv ansats. Insamlade aktierekommendationer analyseras för att beräkna en eventuell abnormal avkastning. Resultaten testas genom statistiskt z-test och binärvalsregressionsanalys, för att utreda vilka faktorer som påverkar sannolikheten för att rekommendationen är ett gott råd. Teoretiska perspektiv: Studien utgår från den effektiva marknadshypotesen, CAPM samt tidigare forskning. Empiri: Kvantitativ data har samlats in för att undersöka aktiekurser och aktierekommandationer för aktiebolag noterade på NASDAQ OMX Large Cap och Mid Cap. Slutsats: Det går inte att bevisa att aktierekommendationer är goda råd i mer än hälften av fallen. Avseende köp- och säljrekommendationer påvisades skillnader, där köprekommendationer oftast visade sig vara goda råd, medan säljrekommendationer inte visade sig vara det. Bolag som handlas på Mid Cap är, likt köprekommendationer, även de oftast vara goda råd.Purpose: Examining the proportion of the stock recommendations issued for Swedish limited liability company that turns out to be good advice , a year after the publication date. It also analyzes whether there is any specific difference between buy and sell recommendations. Methodology: Quantitative study with a deductive approach. Collected stock recommendations are analyzed and calculated to examine whether or not they yield a possible abnormal return. The results are tested by a statistical z-test and a binary choice model, to examine which variables that affetct the likelihood of the recommendation being seen as a good advice or not. Theoretical perspective: The study is based on the efficient market hypothesis, CAPM and previous research. Empirical foundation: Quantitative data has been collected to investigate share prices and stock recommendations of companies listed on the NASDAQ OMX Large and Mid Cap. Conclusions: There is no proof that stock recommendations are good advices in more than half of the recommendations. Regarding buy and sell recommendations differences were found, where buy recommendations usually turned out to be good advice, while sell recommendations weren’t. Company listed on Mid Cap are, just like buy recommendations, usually good advice

Необходимость общих подходов в применении мер уголовной ответственности за компьютерные преступления в Республике Беларусь, Российской Федерации и Украине

Материалы III междунар. науч. конф., 22-23 мая 2003 г

ASIC Implementation of Time-Domain Digital Back Propagation for Coherent Receivers

Digital back propagation (DBP) is often proposed and implemented offline for the mitigation of nonlinear impairments in long-haul fiber communications. However, complexity in terms of chip area and power consumption in a realistic application-specific integrated circuit implementation is yet to be determined. Here, we implement time-domain DBP (TD-DBP) in a 28-nm fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator process technology, considering digital implementation aspects such as limited-resolution arithmetic and finite-length filters. We choose as example a coherent optical transmission system, viz. a single-channel, single-polarization, and 20-GBd 16-QAM system, for which the DBP is known to perform well. For the considered system, we find that the TD-DBP can enable a reach increase from 3400 to 5300 km, at a power dissipation of &lt;20 W (or, conversely, an energy dissipation of &lt;230 pJ/bit), at a pre-FEC BER of 10-2