Einfluss von Einstellungen von Bäuerinnen und Bauern auf die Anwendung von Hausmitteln bei Nutztieren im Joglland, Österreich

Im Hinblick auf die Richtlinien der ökologischen Landwirtschaft auf chemisch- synthetische Arzneimittel zu verzichten und beispielsweise pflanzliche Heilmittel einzusetzen, scheint eine Einbindung von pflanzlichen Hausmitteln in die Tierheilkunde sinnvoll. Die Faktoren, die mit dem Hausmitteleinsatz in Verbindung stehen bzw. diesen begünstigen könnten, wurden bisher wenig untersucht. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es einerseits, das Wissen von ausgewählten Bäuerinnen und Bauern zu Hausmitteln zu dokumentieren und andererseits Faktoren zu ermitteln, die positiv auf den Hausmitteleinsatz einwirken könnten. Aufbauend auf die Theory of Reasoned Action von Fishbein und Ajzen wurde ein Modell entwickelt, anhand dessen Hypothesen abgeleitet und Einflussfaktoren geprüft wurden. Im Joglland, Steiermark wurden 45 Bäuerinnen und Bauern, von denen 19 nach den Richtlinien der ökologischen Landwirtschaft wirtschafteten, im Jahr 2011 mit Hilfe eines standardisierten Fragebogens zu den ihnen in der Tierheilkunde bekannten Hausmitteln befragt, sowie die Einstellung zum Hausmitteleinsatz erhoben. Die Auswertung der Daten erfolgte mit deskriptiven und interferenzstatistischen Methoden. Insgesamt wurden von den Bäuerinnen und Bauern 144 verschiedene Hausmittel genannt, von denen der Großteil pflanzlichen Ursprungs war. 55 Pflanzenarten konnten als Rohstoffe für Hausmittel bestimmt werden. Männer konnten signifikant mehr Hausmittel nennen und setzten auch mehr ein als Frauen. Zudem setzten GesprächspartnerInnen, die viele Hausmittel kannten, auch mehr ein. GesprächspartnerInnen mit einer positiven Einstellung zum Hausmitteleinsatz wandten diese auch vermehrt an und eine positive Intention, Hausmittel einzusetzen, spiegelte sich auch in der Anwendung wider. Keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf den Hausmitteleinsatz hatten beispielsweise die Faktoren Alter, ökologische Wirtschaftsweise, Einstellung des behandelnden Tierarztes/ der Tierärztin zum Hausmitteleinsatz und Anwendung von Hausmitteln in der Humanmedizin

Nivel de conocimiento sobre cáncer bucal en pacientes odontológicos de un establecimiento de salud privado Trujillo – 2022

El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre cáncer bucal en pacientes odontológicos de un establecimiento de salud privado de Trujillo – 2022. Se realizo un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. La muestra se conformó por 160 pacientes odontológicos de un establecimiento de salud privado en el distrito de Trujillo a quienes se les aplicó un instrumento validado en una población peruana. Los resultados evidenciaron que el 77,5% obtuvo un nivel de conocimiento malo; también se observó que 46,6% desconoce las posibles causas del cáncer bucal mientras que el 32,9% indica que acudir con frecuencia a una evaluación de control de la salud ayuda a mejorar el conocimiento sobre el cancer bucal. Sobre el análisis inferencial, se evidenció que el sexo masculino y el grado de instrucción superior tiene un mejor nivel de conocimiento sobre cancer bucal siendo esta diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05); sin embargo, tal diferencia no se encontró con el grupo etario de los encuestados. Se concluye que el nivel de conocimientos sobre cáncer bucal en los pacientes odontológicos en el distrito de Trujillo es malo en un 77.5%

Loss of TDP-43 causes ectopic endothelial sprouting and migration defects through increased fibronectin, vcam 1 and integrin α4/β1

Aggregation of the Tar DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is a pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia and likely contributes to disease by loss of nuclear function. Analysis of TDP-43 function in knockout zebrafish identified an endothelial directional migration and hypersprouting phenotype during development prior lethality. In human umbilical vein cells (HUVEC) the loss of TDP-43 leads to hyperbranching. We identified elevated expression of FIBRONECTIN 1 (FN1), the VASCULAR CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 1 (VCAM1), as well as their receptor INTEGRIN α4β1 (ITGA4B1) in HUVEC cells. Importantly, reducing the levels of ITGA4, FN1, and VCAM1 homologues in the TDP-43 loss-of-function zebrafish rescues the angiogenic defects indicating the conservation of human and zebrafish TDP-43 function during angiogenesis. Our study identifies a novel pathway regulated by TDP-43 important for angiogenesis during development

Loss of TDP-43 causes ectopic endothelial sprouting and migration defects through increased fibronectin, vcam 1 and integrin α4/β1

Aggregation of the Tar DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is a pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia and likely contributes to disease by loss of nuclear function. Analysis of TDP-43 function in knockout zebrafish identified an endothelial directional migration and hypersprouting phenotype during development prior lethality. In human umbilical vein cells (HUVEC) the loss of TDP-43 leads to hyperbranching. We identified elevated expression of FIBRONECTIN 1 (FN1), the VASCULAR CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 1 (VCAM1), as well as their receptor INTEGRIN α4β1 (ITGA4B1) in HUVEC cells. Importantly, reducing the levels of ITGA4, FN1, and VCAM1 homologues in the TDP-43 loss-of-function zebrafish rescues the angiogenic defects indicating the conservation of human and zebrafish TDP-43 function during angiogenesis. Our study identifies a novel pathway regulated by TDP-43 important for angiogenesis during development

HIV prevention costs and program scale: data from the PANCEA project in five low and middle-income countries

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Economic theory and limited empirical data suggest that costs per unit of HIV prevention program output (unit costs) will initially decrease as small programs expand. Unit costs may then reach a nadir and start to increase if expansion continues beyond the economically optimal size. Information on the relationship between scale and unit costs is critical to project the cost of global HIV prevention efforts and to allocate prevention resources efficiently.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The "Prevent AIDS: Network for Cost-Effectiveness Analysis" (PANCEA) project collected 2003 and 2004 cost and output data from 206 HIV prevention programs of six types in five countries. The association between scale and efficiency for each intervention type was examined for each country. Our team characterized the direction, shape, and strength of this association by fitting bivariate regression lines to scatter plots of output levels and unit costs. We chose the regression forms with the highest explanatory power (R²).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Efficiency increased with scale, across all countries and interventions. This association varied within intervention and within country, in terms of the range in scale and efficiency, the best fitting regression form, and the slope of the regression. The fraction of variation in efficiency explained by scale ranged from 26% – 96%. Doubling in scale resulted in reductions in unit costs averaging 34.2% (ranging from 2.4% to 58.0%). Two regression trends, in India, suggested an inflection point beyond which unit costs increased.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Unit costs decrease with scale across a wide range of service types and volumes. These country and intervention-specific findings can inform projections of the global cost of scaling up HIV prevention efforts.</p

PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT PADA ANAK USIA DINI DENGAN TEMA ALAM SEMESTA MELALUI MEDIA GAMBAR 2 DIMENSI DAN 3 DIMENSI

Early childhood is a very important stage of development in a person's life. In this period, children experience rapid development in various aspects, including cognitive, social, emotional, and physical. Therefore, it is important for educators and the community to provide appropriate experiences and learning so that children can grow and develop optimally. Science and astronomy are areas that are often neglected in early childhood education, yet they play an important role in helping children understand the world around them. Therefore, community service for early childhood with the theme of the universe through the media of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional images is important. Through this approach, children can actively engage in engaging and interactive learning activities, which will help them build a solid understanding of the universe from an early age

Heterologous expression and characterization of a novel serine protease from Daphnia magna: A possible role in susceptibility to toxic cyanobacteria

Mass developments of toxin-producing cyanobacteria are frequently observed in freshwater ecosystems due to eutrophication and global warming. These mass developments can partly be attributed to cyanobacterial toxins, such as protease inhibitors (PIs), which inhibit digestive serine proteases of Daphnia, the major herbivore of phytoplankton and cyanobacteria. To date, mechanisms of this inhibition in the gut of the crustacean Daphnia magna are not known. Here, we characterize a single serine protease, chymotrypsin 448 (CT448), which is present in the gut of the crustacean D. magna. Sequence alignments with human serine proteases revealed that CT448 has a putative N-terminal pro-peptide which is extended compared to the mammalian homologs and within this pro-peptide two N-linked glycosylation motifs were found. CT448 was heterologously expressed in Sf21 insect cells using a baculovirus expression system for optimized protein production and secretion into the medium. The protein was purified via a one-step affinity chromatography, which resulted in a protein yield of 3.45 mg/l medium. The inactive precursor (zymogen) could be activated by tryptic digestion. This is the first example of a recombinant expression of an active crustacean serine protease, which functions in the gut of Daphnia. Proteomic identification of protease cleavage sites (PICS) and hydrolysation of various synthetic substrates showed that CT448 is a chymotrypsin-like elastase. In this study, we confirm that CT448 is a target of cyanobacterial protease inhibitors. Local evolutionary modifications of CT448 might render this proteolytic enzyme less susceptible against cyanobacterial secondary metabolites and might improve the fitness of Daphnia during cyanobacterial bloom

Towards the Elimination of Pediatric HIV: Enhancing Maternal, Sexual, and Reproductive Health Services

Almost 10 years ago, the United Nations adopted a comprehensive, four-pronged approach for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). Despite all four prongs being central to the elimination of pediatric HIV, and the health of the mother being critical to reaching this goal, PMTCT programs have historically focused more attention on preventing HIV transmission from mother to child (prong 3) than on preventing HIV in women of reproductive age (prong 1) and preventing unintended pregnancies in women living with HIV (prong 2). In this commentary, experts from the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation (EGPAF) argue that within the context of efforts to eliminate pediatric HIV, there are many ways to keep women living with HIV alive and at the center of the response to the global epidemic. One of the ways to do this is to enhance maternal and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. Within the elimination agenda, integration and linkages between PMTCT and comprehensive SRH services can keep mothers alive and at the center of the response. The commentary highlights some of the foundation’s global health work supporting, evaluating and enhancing maternal and SRH services provided to women living with HIV and proposes concrete actions for donors, researchers, policy makers and program implementers to further enhance maternal and SRH services within the context of PMTCT. If keeping women living with HIV is an integral component of the elimination of pediatric HIV agenda, maternal and SRH research, policies and programs need to be strengthened within the context of PMTCT. Donor funding and priorities for PMTCT also need to be more supportive of primary prevention of HIV infection among women of childbearing age and preventing unintended pregnancies among women living with HIV. Key Words: HIV/AIDS • Elimination of pediatric HIV • PMTCT • Reproductive and sexual health • Maternal healt