Potential impacts of climate change on agriculture and fisheries production in 72 tropical coastal communities

Climate change is expected to profoundly affect key food production sectors, including fisheries and agriculture. However, the potential impacts of climate change on these sectors are rarely considered jointly, especially below national scales, which can mask substantial variability in how communities will be affected. Here, we combine socioeconomic surveys of 3,008 households and intersectoral multi-model simulation outputs to conduct a sub-national analysis of the potential impacts of climate change on fisheries and agriculture in 72 coastal communities across five Indo-Pacific countries (Indonesia, Madagascar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and Tanzania). Our study reveals three key findings: First, overall potential losses to fisheries are higher than potential losses to agriculture. Second, while most locations (> 2/3) will experience potential losses to both fisheries and agriculture simultaneously, climate change mitigation could reduce the proportion of places facing that double burden. Third, potential impacts are more likely in communities with lower socioeconomic status

Directional turnover towards larger-ranged plants over time and across habitats

Species turnover is ubiquitous. However, it remains unknown whether certain types of species are consistently gained or lost across different habitats. Here, we analysed the trajectories of 1827 plant species over time intervals of up to 78 years at 141 sites across mountain summits, forests, and lowland grasslands in Europe. We found, albeit with relatively small effect sizes, displacements of smaller- by larger-ranged species across habitats. Communities shifted in parallel towards more nutrient-demanding species, with species from nutrient-rich habitats having larger ranges. Because these species are typically strong competitors, declines of smaller-ranged species could reflect not only abiotic drivers of global change, but also biotic pressure from increased competition. The ubiquitous component of turnover based on species range size we found here may partially reconcile findings of no net loss in local diversity with global species loss, and link community-scale turnover to macroecological processes such as biotic homogenisation

Human Practice. Digital Ecologies. Our Future. : 14. Internationale Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI 2019) : Tagungsband

Erschienen bei: universi - Universitätsverlag Siegen. - ISBN: 978-3-96182-063-4Aus dem Inhalt: Track 1: Produktion & Cyber-Physische Systeme Requirements and a Meta Model for Exchanging Additive Manufacturing Capacities Service Systems, Smart Service Systems and Cyber- Physical Systems—What’s the difference? Towards a Unified Terminology Developing an Industrial IoT Platform – Trade-off between Horizontal and Vertical Approaches Machine Learning und Complex Event Processing: Effiziente Echtzeitauswertung am Beispiel Smart Factory Sensor retrofit for a coffee machine as condition monitoring and predictive maintenance use case Stakeholder-Analyse zum Einsatz IIoT-basierter Frischeinformationen in der Lebensmittelindustrie Towards a Framework for Predictive Maintenance Strategies in Mechanical Engineering - A Method-Oriented Literature Analysis Development of a matching platform for the requirement-oriented selection of cyber physical systems for SMEs Track 2: Logistic Analytics An Empirical Study of Customers’ Behavioral Intention to Use Ridepooling Services – An Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model Modeling Delay Propagation and Transmission in Railway Networks What is the impact of company specific adjustments on the acceptance and diffusion of logistic standards? Robust Route Planning in Intermodal Urban Traffic Track 3: Unternehmensmodellierung & Informationssystemgestaltung (Enterprise Modelling & Information Systems Design) Work System Modeling Method with Different Levels of Specificity and Rigor for Different Stakeholder Purposes Resolving Inconsistencies in Declarative Process Models based on Culpability Measurement Strategic Analysis in the Realm of Enterprise Modeling – On the Example of Blockchain-Based Initiatives for the Electricity Sector Zwischenbetriebliche Integration in der Möbelbranche: Konfigurationen und Einflussfaktoren Novices’ Quality Perceptions and the Acceptance of Process Modeling Grammars Entwicklung einer Definition für Social Business Objects (SBO) zur Modellierung von Unternehmensinformationen Designing a Reference Model for Digital Product Configurators Terminology for Evolving Design Artifacts Business Role-Object Specification: A Language for Behavior-aware Structural Modeling of Business Objects Generating Smart Glasses-based Information Systems with BPMN4SGA: A BPMN Extension for Smart Glasses Applications Using Blockchain in Peer-to-Peer Carsharing to Build Trust in the Sharing Economy Testing in Big Data: An Architecture Pattern for a Development Environment for Innovative, Integrated and Robust Applications Track 4: Lern- und Wissensmanagement (e-Learning and Knowledge Management) eGovernment Competences revisited – A Literature Review on necessary Competences in a Digitalized Public Sector Say Hello to Your New Automated Tutor – A Structured Literature Review on Pedagogical Conversational Agents Teaching the Digital Transformation of Business Processes: Design of a Simulation Game for Information Systems Education Conceptualizing Immersion for Individual Learning in Virtual Reality Designing a Flipped Classroom Course – a Process Model The Influence of Risk-Taking on Knowledge Exchange and Combination Gamified Feedback durch Avatare im Mobile Learning Alexa, Can You Help Me Solve That Problem? - Understanding the Value of Smart Personal Assistants as Tutors for Complex Problem Tasks Track 5: Data Science & Business Analytics Matching with Bundle Preferences: Tradeoff between Fairness and Truthfulness Applied image recognition: guidelines for using deep learning models in practice Yield Prognosis for the Agrarian Management of Vineyards using Deep Learning for Object Counting Reading Between the Lines of Qualitative Data – How to Detect Hidden Structure Based on Codes Online Auctions with Dual-Threshold Algorithms: An Experimental Study and Practical Evaluation Design Features of Non-Financial Reward Programs for Online Reviews: Evaluation based on Google Maps Data Topic Embeddings – A New Approach to Classify Very Short Documents Based on Predefined Topics Leveraging Unstructured Image Data for Product Quality Improvement Decision Support for Real Estate Investors: Improving Real Estate Valuation with 3D City Models and Points of Interest Knowledge Discovery from CVs: A Topic Modeling Procedure Online Product Descriptions – Boost for your Sales? Entscheidungsunterstützung durch historienbasierte Dienstreihenfolgeplanung mit Pattern A Semi-Automated Approach for Generating Online Review Templates Machine Learning goes Measure Management: Leveraging Anomaly Detection and Parts Search to Improve Product-Cost Optimization Bedeutung von Predictive Analytics für den theoretischen Erkenntnisgewinn in der IS-Forschung Track 6: Digitale Transformation und Dienstleistungen Heuristic Theorizing in Software Development: Deriving Design Principles for Smart Glasses-based Systems Mirroring E-service for Brick and Mortar Retail: An Assessment and Survey Taxonomy of Digital Platforms: A Platform Architecture Perspective Value of Star Players in the Digital Age Local Shopping Platforms – Harnessing Locational Advantages for the Digital Transformation of Local Retail Outlets: A Content Analysis A Socio-Technical Approach to Manage Analytics-as-a-Service – Results of an Action Design Research Project Characterizing Approaches to Digital Transformation: Development of a Taxonomy of Digital Units Expectations vs. Reality – Benefits of Smart Services in the Field of Tension between Industry and Science Innovation Networks and Digital Innovation: How Organizations Use Innovation Networks in a Digitized Environment Characterising Social Reading Platforms— A Taxonomy-Based Approach to Structure the Field Less Complex than Expected – What Really Drives IT Consulting Value Modularity Canvas – A Framework for Visualizing Potentials of Service Modularity Towards a Conceptualization of Capabilities for Innovating Business Models in the Industrial Internet of Things A Taxonomy of Barriers to Digital Transformation Ambidexterity in Service Innovation Research: A Systematic Literature Review Design and success factors of an online solution for cross-pillar pension information Track 7: IT-Management und -Strategie A Frugal Support Structure for New Software Implementations in SMEs How to Structure a Company-wide Adoption of Big Data Analytics The Changing Roles of Innovation Actors and Organizational Antecedents in the Digital Age Bewertung des Kundennutzens von Chatbots für den Einsatz im Servicedesk Understanding the Benefits of Agile Software Development in Regulated Environments Are Employees Following the Rules? On the Effectiveness of IT Consumerization Policies Agile and Attached: The Impact of Agile Practices on Agile Team Members’ Affective Organisational Commitment The Complexity Trap – Limits of IT Flexibility for Supporting Organizational Agility in Decentralized Organizations Platform Openness: A Systematic Literature Review and Avenues for Future Research Competence, Fashion and the Case of Blockchain The Digital Platform Otto.de: A Case Study of Growth, Complexity, and Generativity Track 8: eHealth & alternde Gesellschaft Security and Privacy of Personal Health Records in Cloud Computing Environments – An Experimental Exploration of the Impact of Storage Solutions and Data Breaches Patientenintegration durch Pfadsysteme Digitalisierung in der Stressprävention – eine qualitative Interviewstudie zu Nutzenpotenzialen User Dynamics in Mental Health Forums – A Sentiment Analysis Perspective Intent and the Use of Wearables in the Workplace – A Model Development Understanding Patient Pathways in the Context of Integrated Health Care Services - Implications from a Scoping Review Understanding the Habitual Use of Wearable Activity Trackers On the Fit in Fitness Apps: Studying the Interaction of Motivational Affordances and Users’ Goal Orientations in Affecting the Benefits Gained Gamification in Health Behavior Change Support Systems - A Synthesis of Unintended Side Effects Investigating the Influence of Information Incongruity on Trust-Relations within Trilateral Healthcare Settings Track 9: Krisen- und Kontinuitätsmanagement Potentiale von IKT beim Ausfall kritischer Infrastrukturen: Erwartungen, Informationsgewinnung und Mediennutzung der Zivilbevölkerung in Deutschland Fake News Perception in Germany: A Representative Study of People’s Attitudes and Approaches to Counteract Disinformation Analyzing the Potential of Graphical Building Information for Fire Emergency Responses: Findings from a Controlled Experiment Track 10: Human-Computer Interaction Towards a Taxonomy of Platforms for Conversational Agent Design Measuring Service Encounter Satisfaction with Customer Service Chatbots using Sentiment Analysis Self-Tracking and Gamification: Analyzing the Interplay of Motivations, Usage and Motivation Fulfillment Erfolgsfaktoren von Augmented-Reality-Applikationen: Analyse von Nutzerrezensionen mit dem Review-Mining-Verfahren Designing Dynamic Decision Support for Electronic Requirements Negotiations Who is Stressed by Using ICTs? A Qualitative Comparison Analysis with the Big Five Personality Traits to Understand Technostress Walking the Middle Path: How Medium Trade-Off Exposure Leads to Higher Consumer Satisfaction in Recommender Agents Theory-Based Affordances of Utilitarian, Hedonic and Dual-Purposed Technologies: A Literature Review Eliciting Customer Preferences for Shopping Companion Apps: A Service Quality Approach The Role of Early User Participation in Discovering Software – A Case Study from the Context of Smart Glasses The Fluidity of the Self-Concept as a Framework to Explain the Motivation to Play Video Games Heart over Heels? An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Emotions and Review Helpfulness for Experience and Credence Goods Track 11: Information Security and Information Privacy Unfolding Concerns about Augmented Reality Technologies: A Qualitative Analysis of User Perceptions To (Psychologically) Own Data is to Protect Data: How Psychological Ownership Determines Protective Behavior in a Work and Private Context Understanding Data Protection Regulations from a Data Management Perspective: A Capability-Based Approach to EU-GDPR On the Difficulties of Incentivizing Online Privacy through Transparency: A Qualitative Survey of the German Health Insurance Market What is Your Selfie Worth? A Field Study on Individuals’ Valuation of Personal Data Justification of Mass Surveillance: A Quantitative Study An Exploratory Study of Risk Perception for Data Disclosure to a Network of Firms Track 12: Umweltinformatik und nachhaltiges Wirtschaften Kommunikationsfäden im Nadelöhr – Fachliche Prozessmodellierung der Nachhaltigkeitskommunikation am Kapitalmarkt Potentiale und Herausforderungen der Materialflusskostenrechnung Computing Incentives for User-Based Relocation in Carsharing Sustainability’s Coming Home: Preliminary Design Principles for the Sustainable Smart District Substitution of hazardous chemical substances using Deep Learning and t-SNE A Hierarchy of DSMLs in Support of Product Life-Cycle Assessment A Survey of Smart Energy Services for Private Households Door-to-Door Mobility Integrators as Keystone Organizations of Smart Ecosystems: Resources and Value Co-Creation – A Literature Review Ein Entscheidungsunterstützungssystem zur ökonomischen Bewertung von Mieterstrom auf Basis der Clusteranalyse Discovering Blockchain for Sustainable Product-Service Systems to enhance the Circular Economy Digitale Rückverfolgbarkeit von Lebensmitteln: Eine verbraucherinformatische Studie Umweltbewusstsein durch audiovisuelles Content Marketing? Eine experimentelle Untersuchung zur Konsumentenbewertung nachhaltiger Smartphones Towards Predictive Energy Management in Information Systems: A Research Proposal A Web Browser-Based Application for Processing and Analyzing Material Flow Models using the MFCA Methodology Track 13: Digital Work - Social, mobile, smart On Conversational Agents in Information Systems Research: Analyzing the Past to Guide Future Work The Potential of Augmented Reality for Improving Occupational First Aid Prevent a Vicious Circle! The Role of Organizational IT-Capability in Attracting IT-affine Applicants Good, Bad, or Both? Conceptualization and Measurement of Ambivalent User Attitudes Towards AI A Case Study on Cross-Hierarchical Communication in Digital Work Environments ‘Show Me Your People Skills’ - Employing CEO Branding for Corporate Reputation Management in Social Media A Multiorganisational Study of the Drivers and Barriers of Enterprise Collaboration Systems-Enabled Change The More the Merrier? The Effect of Size of Core Team Subgroups on Success of Open Source Projects The Impact of Anthropomorphic and Functional Chatbot Design Features in Enterprise Collaboration Systems on User Acceptance Digital Feedback for Digital Work? Affordances and Constraints of a Feedback App at InsurCorp The Effect of Marker-less Augmented Reality on Task and Learning Performance Antecedents for Cyberloafing – A Literature Review Internal Crowd Work as a Source of Empowerment - An Empirical Analysis of the Perception of Employees in a Crowdtesting Project Track 14: Geschäftsmodelle und digitales Unternehmertum Dividing the ICO Jungle: Extracting and Evaluating Design Archetypes Capturing Value from Data: Exploring Factors Influencing Revenue Model Design for Data-Driven Services Understanding the Role of Data for Innovating Business Models: A System Dynamics Perspective Business Model Innovation and Stakeholder: Exploring Mechanisms and Outcomes of Value Creation and Destruction Business Models for Internet of Things Platforms: Empirical Development of a Taxonomy and Archetypes Revitalizing established Industrial Companies: State of the Art and Success Principles of Digital Corporate Incubators When 1+1 is Greater than 2: Concurrence of Additional Digital and Established Business Models within Companies Special Track 1: Student Track Investigating Personalized Price Discrimination of Textile-, Electronics- and General Stores in German Online Retail From Facets to a Universal Definition – An Analysis of IoT Usage in Retail Is the Technostress Creators Inventory Still an Up-To-Date Measurement Instrument? Results of a Large-Scale Interview Study Application of Media Synchronicity Theory to Creative Tasks in Virtual Teams Using the Example of Design Thinking TrustyTweet: An Indicator-based Browser-Plugin to Assist Users in Dealing with Fake News on Twitter Application of Process Mining Techniques to Support Maintenance-Related Objectives How Voice Can Change Customer Satisfaction: A Comparative Analysis between E-Commerce and Voice Commerce Business Process Compliance and Blockchain: How Does the Ethereum Blockchain Address Challenges of Business Process Compliance? Improving Business Model Configuration through a Question-based Approach The Influence of Situational Factors and Gamification on Intrinsic Motivation and Learning Evaluation von ITSM-Tools für Integration und Management von Cloud-Diensten am Beispiel von ServiceNow How Software Promotes the Integration of Sustainability in Business Process Management Criteria Catalog for Industrial IoT Platforms from the Perspective of the Machine Tool Industry Special Track 3: Demos & Prototyping Privacy-friendly User Location Tracking with Smart Devices: The BeaT Prototype Application-oriented robotics in nursing homes Augmented Reality for Set-up Processe Mixed Reality for supporting Remote-Meetings Gamification zur Motivationssteigerung von Werkern bei der Betriebsdatenerfassung Automatically Extracting and Analyzing Customer Needs from Twitter: A “Needmining” Prototype GaNEsHA: Opportunities for Sustainable Transportation in Smart Cities TUCANA: A platform for using local processing power of edge devices for building data-driven services Demonstrator zur Beschreibung und Visualisierung einer kritischen Infrastruktur Entwicklung einer alltagsnahen persuasiven App zur Bewegungsmotivation für ältere Nutzerinnen und Nutzer A browser-based modeling tool for studying the learning of conceptual modeling based on a multi-modal data collection approach Exergames & Dementia: An interactive System for People with Dementia and their Care-Network Workshops Workshop Ethics and Morality in Business Informatics (Workshop Ethik und Moral in der Wirtschaftsinformatik – EMoWI’19) Model-Based Compliance in Information Systems - Foundations, Case Description and Data Set of the MobIS-Challenge for Students and Doctoral Candidates Report of the Workshop on Concepts and Methods of Identifying Digital Potentials in Information Management Control of Systemic Risks in Global Networks - A Grand Challenge to Information Systems Research Die Mitarbeiter von morgen - Kompetenzen künftiger Mitarbeiter im Bereich Business Analytics Digitaler Konsum: Herausforderungen und Chancen der Verbraucherinformati

Scenario set-up and forcing data for impact model evaluation and impact attribution within the third round of the Inter-Sectoral Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP3a)

This paper describes the rationale and the protocol of the first component of the third simulation round of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP3a, www.isimip.org) and the associated set of climate-related and direct human forcing data (CRF and DHF, respectively). The observation-based climate-related forcings for the first time include high-resolution observational climate forcings derived by orographic downscaling, monthly to hourly coastal water levels, and wind fields associated with historical tropical cyclones. The DHFs include land use patterns, population densities, information about water and agricultural management, and fishing intensities. The ISIMIP3a impact model simulations driven by these observation-based climate-related and direct human forcings are designed to test to what degree the impact models can explain observed changes in natural and human systems. In a second set of ISIMIP3a experiments the participating impact models are forced by the same DHFs but a counterfactual set of atmospheric forcings and coastal water levels where observed trends have been removed. These experiments are designed to allow for the attribution of observed changes in natural, human and managed systems to climate change, rising CH4 and CO2 concentrations, and sea level rise according to the definition of the Working Group II contribution to the IPCC AR6

Effects of biglycan – deletion on the cardiac remodelling process after experimental myocardial infarction

Erkrankungen des Herz-Kreislaufsystems zählen nach Erhebungen der Weltgesundheits-organisation zu den Haupttodesursachen in den westlichen Industrienationen. Trotz verbesserter Früherkennung von Risikofaktoren, Prophylaxe und Therapiemöglichkeiten nimmt der linksventrikuläre Myokardinfarkt hierbei eine führende Stellung ein. Das nach einem Herzinfarkt im ischämischen Bereich entstehende Narbengewebe führt zusammen mit einer vermehrten generellen Fibrosierung des Herzens zu einer weiteren Leistungsinsuffizienz, welche nur durch vermehrte Herzarbeit kompensiert werden kann. Unbehandelt gerät das Herz-Kreislaufsystem hierbei schnell in einen circulus vitiosus, welcher den Tod zur Folge haben kann. Das Gewebe der Infarktnarbe wird, unter Einflussnahme von Angiotensin II und Zytokinen (z.B. Tgf-beta1), von Komponenten der extrazellulären Matrix gebildet, welche auch für die vermehrte interstitielle Fibrosierung des restlichen kardialen Gewebes verantwortlich sind. Eine dieser Komponenten ist das kleine leucinreiche Proteoglykan Biglykan, welches im Bereich der extrazellulären Matrix eine modulierende Funktion zu besitzen scheint. Biglykan mRNA wird nach einem Myokardinfarkt im Infarktgebiet, aber auch im restlichen kardialen Gewebe, wie z.B. im Septum, vermehrt exprimiert. Dieser Nachweis konnte auch für den Proteinanteil erbracht werden (46) (49). Bislang ist jedoch nicht bekannt, welche Rolle Biglykan im kardialen ‚Remodelling’-Prozess nach einem Myokardinfarkt spielt. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, anhand eines Knockout- Mausmodells, zu klären, ob durch das Fehlen des Biglykans ein kardialer Phänotyp festzustellen ist und ob dieses Proteoglykan eine wichtige Rolle im kardialen ‚Remodelling’-Prozess nach einem (experimentellem) Myokardinfarkt spielt. Gesunde Biglykan-defiziente Mäuse besitzen im Vergleich zu den Wildtyp-Mäusen auf histologischer, molekularbiologischer und funktioneller Ebene einen kardialen Phänotyp. Das Herzgewicht fällt in Relation zum Körpergewicht bei einer gleichzeitig verringerten interstitiellen kardialen Fibrosierung in den genmutierten Mäusen geringer aus. Im hämodynamischen Bereich lässt sich ein Phänotyp in der diastolischen Funktion feststellen. Die intrinsische Steifigkeit des linken Ventrikels ist deutlich erniedrigt, bei einer Tendenz zu erhöhter Relaxationsfähigkeit. Der kardiale mRNA-Gehalt an Kollagen I und Tgf-beta1 fällt im Vergleich zu den Kontrollgruppen geringer aus, während der von Kollagen III und Decorin erhöht ist. 21 Tage nach einem Myokardinfarkt sind bei den Biglykan-defizienten Mäusen und bei den Tieren der Wildtyp-Kontrollgruppen gravierende Umbauprozesse feststellbar. Es kommt zu einer dilatativen Kardiomyopathie, welche bei den genmutierten Mäusen ausgeprägter ist. Hier lässt sich, im Vergleich zu Wildytpmäusen, eine erhöhte Dilatation des linken Ventrikels feststellen, welche im Bereich der systolischen Herzfunktion zu einem leicht erniedrigten linksventrikulären Druck, einer schlechteren Kontraktilität und insgesamt deutlich geringeren Werten aller Parameter der Auswurfleistung des linken Ventrikels führt. Dilatationsbedingt sind die Endvolumina in Systole und Diastole erhöht. Aufgrund der schlechteren Auswurfleistung kommt es zu einer Erhöhung des linksventrikulären enddiastolischen Drucks, bei gleichzeitig reduzierter Relaxationsfähigkeit des linken Herzens. Die Ursache der insgesamt deutlich schlechteren Herzfunktion, insbesondere nach einem Myokardinfarkt, liegt darin begründet, dass es aufgrund des Fehlens des modulierenden Biglykans zu einer veränderten Organisation der extrazellulären Matrix kommt, was molekularbiologisch und histologisch nachgewiesen werden konnte und eine Bestätigung beim Messen funktioneller Herzparameter (Hämodynamik) erfuhr. Die Bedeutung des Biglykans für den Reparaturprozess am Herzen wird insbesondere bei der Betrachtung der deutlich erhöhten Mortalitätsraten nach Myokardinfarkt offensichtlich. Die Aufklärung der komplexen Zusammenhänge, insbesondere auf molekularbiologischer Ebene, ist das Ziel weiterer wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen.According to research conducted by the World Health Organisation (WHO), cardiovascular diseases rank among the main causes of mortality in Western industrialised nations. Despite an improvement in the early recognition of risk factors, prophlylaxis, and available therapies, the left-ventricular myocardial infarction assumes here a dominant role. Scar tissue resulting from a heart attack in the ischaemic region, together with an increased fibrosis of the heart, leads to heart failure. When left untreated, the circulatory system quickly gets into a fatal vicious circle. The scar tissue, influenced by angiotensin II and other cytokines (e.g. Tgf-beta 1), is formed by components of the extracellular matrix, which are responsible for the increased interstitial fibrosis of the remaining cardiac tissue. One of these components is the small leucine-rich proteoglycan biglycan, which appears to have a modulating function in the extracellular matrix region. After a heart attack, biglycan mRNA and protein are more present in the infarct area but also in the remaining cardiac tissue. The role of biglycan in the cardiac remodelling process following a heart attack remains unknown. The aim of this study, by means of a knockout mouse model, was to clarify whether a cardiac phenotype can be determined through the absence of biglycan and whether this proteoglycan plays an important role in the cardiac remodelling process after an (experimental) myocardial infarction. Biglycan-deficient mice possess a cardiac phenotype on histological, molecular-biological and functional levels. In these mice, heart weight drops to a lower level in relation to body weight with a simultaneous and reduced interstitial cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, the intrinsic stiffness of the left ventricle is reduced with a parallel increase of left ventricular relaxation. There is a decrease in cardiac mRNA levels of collagen I and TGF-beta1 and an increase of collagen III and decorin mRNA. Twenty-one days after myocardial infarction, biglycan-deficient mice develop a more severe dilatative cardiomyopathy in comparison to wildtype control mice. This decrease of cardiac function in mice lacking bigylcan is caused by an alteration ofell in einen circulus vitiosus, welcher den Tod zur Folge haben kann. Das Gewebe der Infarktnarbe wird, unter Einflussnahme von Angiotensin II und Zytokinen (z.B. Tgf-beta1), von Komponenten der extrazellulären Matrix gebildet, welche auch für die vermehrte interstitielle Fibrosierung des restlichen kardialen Gewebes verantwortlich sind. Eine dieser Komponenten ist das kleine leucinreiche Proteoglykan Biglykan, welches im Bereich der extrazellulären Matrix eine modulierende Funktion zu besitzen scheint. Biglykan mRNA wird nach einem Myokardinfarkt im Infarktgebiet, aber auch im restlichen kardialen Gewebe, wie z.B. im Septum, vermehrt exprimiert. Dieser Nachweis konnte auch für den Proteinanteil erbracht werden (46) (49). Bislang ist jedoch nicht bekannt, welche Rolle Biglykan im kardialen ‚Remodelling’-Prozess nach einem Myokardinfarkt spielt. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, anhand eines Knockout-Mausmodells, zu klären, ob durch das Fehlen des Biglykans ein kardialer Phänotyp festzustellen ist und ob dieses Proteoglykan eine wichtige Rolle im kardialen ‚Remodelling’-Prozess nach einem (experimentellem) Myokardinfarkt spielt. Gesunde Biglykan-defiziente Mäuse besitzen im Vergleich zu den Wildtyp-Mäusen auf histologischer, molekularbiologischer und funktioneller Ebene einen kardialen Phänotyp. Das Herzgewicht fällt in Relation zum Körpergewicht bei einer gleichzeitig verringerten interstitiellen kardialen Fibrosierung in den genmutierten Mäusen geringer aus. Im hämodynamischen Bereich lässt sich ein Phänotyp in der diastolischen Funktion feststellen. Die intrinsische Steifigkeit des linken Ventrikels ist deutlich erniedrigt, bei einer Tendenz zu erhöhter Relaxationsfähigkeit. Der kardiale mRNA-Gehalt an Kollagen I und Tgf-beta1 fällt im Vergleich zu den Kontrollgruppen geringer aus, während der von Kollagen III und Decorin erhöht ist. 21 Tage nach einem Myokardinfarkt sind bei den Biglykan-defizienten Mäusen und bei den Tieren der Wildtyp- Kontrollgruppen gravierende Umbauprozesse feststellbar. Es kommt zu einer dilatativen Kardiomyopathie, welche bei den genmutierten Mäusen ausgeprägter ist. Hier lässt sich, im Vergleich zu Wildytpmäusen, eine erhöhte Dilatation des linken Ventrikels feststellen, welche im Bereich der systolischen Herzfunktion zu einem leicht erniedrigten linksventrikulären Druck, einer schlechteren Kontraktilität und insgesamt deutlich geringeren Werten aller Parameter der Auswurfleistung des linken Ventrikels führt. Dilatationsbedingt sind die Endvolumina in Systole und Diastole erhöht. Aufgrund der schlechteren Auswurfleistung kommt es zu einer Erhöhung des linksventrikulären enddiastolischen Drucks, bei gleichzeitig reduzierter Relaxationsfähigkeit des linken Herzens. Die Ursache der insgesamt deutlich schlechteren Herzfunktion, insbesondere nach einem Myokardinfarkt, liegt darin begründet, dass es aufgrund des Fehlens des modulierenden Biglykans zu einer veränderten Organisation der extrazellulären Matrix kommt, was molekularbiologisch und histologisch nachgewiesen werden konnte und eine Bestätigung beim Messen funktioneller Herzparameter (Hämodynamik) erfuhr. Die Bedeutung des Biglykans für den Reparaturprozess am Herzen wird insbesondere bei der Betrachtung der deutlich erhöhten Mortalitätsraten nach Myokardinfarkt offensichtlich. the organization of the extracellular matrix which has been demonstrated by molecularbiological and histological approaches. The significance of biglycan in cardiac remodelling is underlined by the increased mortality of knockout mice after myocardial infarction. Nevertheless, the molecular actions of biglycan within the extracellular matrix of the heart remain largely unknown and have to be subjected to further scientific studies

Microfoundations of Dynamic Capabilities for Platform Ecosystem Establishment: Evidence from Enterprise IoT

The internet of things (IoT) and digital platforms have offered industrial companies new opportunities to compete against digital platform-native companies. To succeed in this competition, industry incumbents must learn to extend their traditional product and service business through platforms. However, extant research has focused primarily on the ability of platform owners to govern mature platforms for innovation but has largely ignored how industry incumbents can build these capabilities internally during the establishment of their platform ecosystems as part of larger transformational journeys. To address this gap, we conduct a multiple case study of three incumbent organizations, drawing on a dynamic capability lens. We identify 11 practical microfoundations of sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring dynamic capabilities that aided three incumbents in establishing their IoT platform ecosystems. Besides the transformational activities, our findings contribute to the literature on platform establishment through three IoT-related shifts that deviate from known digital platform paradigms

Metabolic Evaluation and Recurrence Prevention for Urinary Stone Patients: EAU Guidelines

Context: An optimum metabolic evaluation strategy for urinary stone patients has not been clearly defined. Objective: To evaluate the optimum strategy for metabolic stone evaluation and management to prevent recurrent urinary stones. Evidence acquisition: Several databases were searched to identify studies on the metabolic evaluation and prevention of stone recurrence in urolithiasis patients. Special interest was given to the level of evidence in the existing literature. Evidence synthesis: Reliable stone analysis and basic metabolic evaluation are highly recommended in all patients after stone passage (grade A). Every patient should be assigned to a low-or high-risk group for stone formation. It is highly recommended that low-risk stone formers follow general fluid and nutritional intake guidelines, as well as lifestyle-related preventative measures to reduce stone recurrences (grade A). High-risk stone formers should undergo specific metabolic evaluation with 24-h urine collection (grade A). More specifically, there is strong evidence to recommend pharmacological treatment of calcium oxalate stones in patients with specific abnormalities in urine composition (grades A and B). Treatment of calcium phosphate stones using thiazides is only highly recommended when hypercalciuria is present (grade A). In the presence of renal tubular acidosis (RTA), potassium citrate and/or thiazide are highly recommended based on the relative urinary risk factor (grade A or B). Recommendations for therapeutic measures for the remaining stone types are based on low evidence (grade C or B following panel consensus). Diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms are presented for all stone types based on the best level of existing evidence. Conclusion: Metabolic stone evaluation is highly recommended to prevent stone recurrences. Patient summary: In this report, we looked at how patients with urolithiasis should be evaluated and treated in order to prevent new stone formation. Stone type determination and specific blood and urine analysis are needed to guide patient treatment. (C) 2014 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved