Identification of Leptospira and Bartonella among rodents collected across a habitat disturbance gradient along the Inter-Oceanic Highway in the southern Amazon Basin of Peru.

BACKGROUND: The southern Amazon Basin in the Madre de Dios region of Peru has undergone rapid deforestation and habitat disruption, leading to an unknown zoonotic risk to the growing communities in the area. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We surveyed the prevalence of rodent-borne Leptospira and Bartonella, as well as potential environmental sources of human exposure to Leptospira, in 4 communities along the Inter-Oceanic Highway in Madre de Dios. During the rainy and dry seasons of 2014-2015, we captured a total of 97 rodents representing 8 genera in areas that had experienced different degrees of habitat disturbance. Primarily by using 16S metagenomic sequencing, we found that most of the rodents (78%) tested positive for Bartonella, whereas 24% were positive for Leptospira; however, the patterns differed across seasons and the extent of habitat disruption. A high prevalence of Bartonella was identified in animals captured across both trapping seasons (72%-83%) and the relative abundance was correlated with increasing level of land disturbance. Leptospira-positive animals were more than twice as prevalent during the rainy season (37%) as during the dry season (14%). A seasonal fluctuation across the rainy, dry, and mid seasons was also apparent in environmental samples tested for Leptospira (range, 55%-89% of samples testing positive), and there was a high prevalence of this bacteria across all sites that were sampled in the communities. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These data indicate the need for increased awareness of rodent-borne disease and the potential for environmental spread along the communities in areas undergoing significant land-use change

Ampliación de la planta de generación de oxígeno en el Hospital Regional Docente las Mercedes de Chiclayo-Lambayeque

La tesis realizada dentro del Hospital Regional Docente de Las Mercedes se hizo con el fin de mejorar la distribución del oxígeno medicinal, que es un componente esencial y participa en casi el 70% de los procedimientos médicos que se realizan dentro de la institución. El oxígeno medicinal es descrito a detalle en el documento; sus características, propiedades, aplicaciones, toxicidad por mal uso de él, comportamiento dentro del contenedor de transporte y más; además de la forma de ser obtenido del medio ambiente para satisfacer el fin de su utilización y los elementos que participan en este proceso de generación y distribución. Como es sabido, es menester de las buenas prácticas de construcción, seguir una buena planificación y secuencia constructiva que considere las normas vigentes para determinar una buena instalación y distribución del oxígeno y; por ello se evaluaron los planos arquitectónicos y se observó el estado actual de la planta de generación para descubrir el porqué de las fallas mecánicas. El tendido de tuberías de inicio a fin en cada área denotó que se podría implementar un mejor diseño para la repartición de oxígeno que corregiría las faltas presentes en las salidas o tomas de cada área. Del mismo modo, para la selección correcta de diámetros en las tuberías se consideró las ecuaciones de Darcy - Weisbach las cuales arrojaron un valor de caída de presión y velocidad máxima de punto a punto. Los datos obtenidos de este cálculo se evidenciarán dentro de los planos isométricos que se encuentran en los anexos finales. Finalmente, se ejecutó un cálculo meticuloso sobre la capacidad de la planta proveedora, tuberías, accesorios y tendido de líneas, para buscar los mejores costos en el mercado y, aterrizar la propuesta de cambio que dejaremos a evaluación de las autoridades pertinentes

Production management model based on Lean Manufacturing and BPM tools to increase profitability in SMEs in the Plastic Sector

In Peru, the plastic sector has acquired a solid position in the market, as a result, that sector must face needs related to the level of service and level of productivity; in order to optimize the rate of profitability. Due to the above, it is of the utmost importance to structure each of the processes, the projection of demand, the administration of resources and the supervision of set-up times. One of the important points to consider regarding what has already been mentioned is the management of resources and maintenance in the machines, for which it is proposed to consider the use of tools such as Business Process Management (BPM), Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) y Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED), approval of suppliers and standardization in order to reduce the delivery time of orders and increase the low productivity evidenced due to the poor management of productive resources

Identification of Leptospira and Bartonella among rodents collected across a habitat disturbance gradient along the Inter-Oceanic Highway in the southern Amazon Basin of Peru.

BackgroundThe southern Amazon Basin in the Madre de Dios region of Peru has undergone rapid deforestation and habitat disruption, leading to an unknown zoonotic risk to the growing communities in the area.Methodology/principal findingsWe surveyed the prevalence of rodent-borne Leptospira and Bartonella, as well as potential environmental sources of human exposure to Leptospira, in 4 communities along the Inter-Oceanic Highway in Madre de Dios. During the rainy and dry seasons of 2014-2015, we captured a total of 97 rodents representing 8 genera in areas that had experienced different degrees of habitat disturbance. Primarily by using 16S metagenomic sequencing, we found that most of the rodents (78%) tested positive for Bartonella, whereas 24% were positive for Leptospira; however, the patterns differed across seasons and the extent of habitat disruption. A high prevalence of Bartonella was identified in animals captured across both trapping seasons (72%-83%) and the relative abundance was correlated with increasing level of land disturbance. Leptospira-positive animals were more than twice as prevalent during the rainy season (37%) as during the dry season (14%). A seasonal fluctuation across the rainy, dry, and mid seasons was also apparent in environmental samples tested for Leptospira (range, 55%-89% of samples testing positive), and there was a high prevalence of this bacteria across all sites that were sampled in the communities.Conclusions/significanceThese data indicate the need for increased awareness of rodent-borne disease and the potential for environmental spread along the communities in areas undergoing significant land-use change

Andes Hantavirus Variant in Rodents, Southern Amazon Basin, Peru

We investigated hantaviruses in rodents in the southern Amazon Basin of Peru and identified an Andes virus variant from Neacomys spinosus mice. This finding extends the known range of this virus in South America and the range of recognized hantaviruses in Peru. Further studies of the epizoology of hantaviruses in this region are warranted