1,954 research outputs found
An Interprofessional Consensus of Core Competencies for Prelicensure Education in Pain Management: Curriculum Application for Physical Therapy
Core competencies in pain management for prelicensure health professional education were recently established. These competencies represent the expectation of minimal capabilities for graduating health care students for pain management and include 4 domains: multidimensional nature of pain, pain assessment and measurement, management of pain, and context of pain (Appendix 1). The purpose of this article is to advocate for and identify how core competencies for pain can be applied to the professional (entry-level) physical therapist curriculum. By ensuring that core competencies in pain management are embedded within the foundation of physical therapist education, physical therapists will have the core knowledge necessary for offering best care for patients, and the profession of physical therapy will continue to stand with all health professions engaged in comprehensive pain management
Seismological structure of the 1.8 Ga Trans-Hudson Orogen of North America
Precambrian tectonic processes are debated: what was the nature and scale of orogenic events on the younger, hotter, and more ductile Earth? Northern Hudson Bay records the Paleoproterozoic collision between the Western Churchill and Superior plates—the ∼1.8 Ga Trans-Hudson Orogeny (THO)—and is an ideal locality to study Precambrian tectonic structure. Integrated field, geochronological, and thermobarometric studies suggest that the THO was comparable to the present-day Himalayan-Karakoram-Tibet Orogen (HKTO). However, detailed understanding of the deep crustal architecture of the THO, and how it compares to that of the evolving HKTO, is lacking. The joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave data provides new Moho depth estimates and shear velocity models for the crust and uppermost mantle of the THO. Most of the Archean crust is relatively thin (∼39 km) and structurally simple, with a sharp Moho; upper-crustal wave speed variations are attributed to postformation events. However, the Quebec-Baffin segment of the THO has a deeper Moho (∼45 km) and a more complex crustal structure. Observations show some similarity to recent models, computed using the same methods, of the HKTO crust. Based on Moho character, present-day crustal thickness, and metamorphic grade, we support the view that southern Baffin Island experienced thickening during the THO of a similar magnitude and width to present-day Tibet. Fast seismic velocities at >10 km below southern Baffin Island may be the result of partial eclogitization of the lower crust during the THO, as is currently thought to be happening in Tibet
Anisotropic turbulence in weakly stratified rotating magnetoconvection
Numerical simulations of the 3D MHD-equations that describe rotating
magnetoconvection in a Cartesian box have been performed using the code
NIRVANA. The characteristics of averaged quantities like the turbulence
intensity and the turbulent heat flux that are caused by the combined action of
the small-scale fluctuations are computed. The correlation length of the
turbulence significantly depends on the strength and orientation of the
magnetic field and the anisotropic behavior of the turbulence intensity induced
by Coriolis and Lorentz force is considerably more pronounced for faster
rotation. The development of isotropic behavior on the small scales -- as it is
observed in pure rotating convection -- vanishes even for a weak magnetic field
which results in a turbulent flow that is dominated by the vertical component.
In the presence of a horizontal magnetic field the vertical turbulent heat flux
slightly increases with increasing field strength, so that cooling of the
rotating system is facilitated. Horizontal transport of heat is always directed
westwards and towards the poles. The latter might be a source of a large-scale
meridional flow whereas the first would be important in global simulations in
case of non-axisymmetric boundary conditions for the heat flux.Comment: 13 pages 11 figure
Dependence of magnetic field generation by thermal convection on the rotation rate: a case study
Dependence of magnetic field generation on the rotation rate is explored by
direct numerical simulation of magnetohydrodynamic convective attractors in a
plane layer of conducting fluid with square periodicity cells for the Taylor
number varied from zero to 2000, for which the convective fluid motion halts
(other parameters of the system are fixed). We observe 5 types of hydrodynamic
(amagnetic) attractors: two families of two-dimensional (i.e. depending on two
spatial variables) rolls parallel to sides of periodicity boxes of different
widths and parallel to the diagonal, travelling waves and three-dimensional
"wavy" rolls. All types of attractors, except for one family of rolls, are
capable of kinematic magnetic field generation. We have found 21 distinct
nonlinear convective MHD attractors (13 steady states and 8 periodic regimes)
and identified bifurcations in which they emerge. In addition, we have observed
a family of periodic, two-frequency quasiperiodic and chaotic regimes, as well
as an incomplete Feigenbaum period doubling sequence of bifurcations of a torus
followed by a chaotic regime and subsequently by a torus with 1/3 of the
cascade frequency. The system is highly symmetric. We have found two novel
global bifurcations reminiscent of the SNIC bifurcation, which are only
possible in the presence of symmetries. The universally accepted paradigm,
whereby an increase of the rotation rate below a certain level is beneficial
for magnetic field generation, while a further increase inhibits it (and halts
the motion of fluid on continuing the increase) remains unaltered, but we
demonstrate that this "large-scale" picture lacks many significant details.Comment: 39 pp., 22 figures (some are low quality), 5 tables. Accepted in
Physica
A dual process account of creative thinking
This article explicates the potential role played by type 1 thinking (automatic, fast) and type 2 thinking (effortful, logical) in creative thinking. The relevance of Evans's (2007) models of conflict of dual processes in thinking is discussed with regards to creative thinking. The role played by type 1 thinking and type 2 thinking during the different stages of creativity (problem finding and conceptualization, incubation, illumination, verification and dissemination) is discussed. It is proposed that although both types of thinking are active in creativity, the extent to which they are active and the nature of their contribution to creativity will vary between stages of the creative process. Directions for future research to test this proposal are outlined; differing methodologies and the investigation of different stages of creative thinking are discussed. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Pasteurella multocida Heddleston serovar 3 and 4 strains share a common lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis locus but display both inter- and intrastrain lipopolysaccharide heterogeneity
Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative multispecies pathogen and the causative agent of fowl cholera, a serious disease of poultry which can present in both acute and chronic forms. The major outer membrane component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is both an important virulence factor and a major immunogen. Our previous studies determined the LPS structures expressed by different P. multocida strains and revealed that a number of strains belonging to different serovars contain the same LPS biosynthesis locus but express different LPS structures due to mutations within glycosyltransferase genes. In this study, we report the full LPS structure of the serovar 4 type strain, P1662, and reveal that it shares the same LPS outer core biosynthesis locus, L3, with the serovar 3 strains P1059 and Pm70. Using directed mutagenesis, the role of each glycosyltransferase gene in LPS outer core assembly was determined. LPS structural analysis of 23 Australian field isolates that contain the L3 locus revealed that at least six different LPS outer core structures can be produced as a result of mutations within the LPS glycosyltransferase genes. Moreover, some field isolates produce multiple but related LPS glycoforms simultaneously, and three LPS outer core structures are remarkably similar to the globo series of vertebrate glycosphingolipids. Our in-depth analysis showing the genetics and full range of P. multocida lipopolysaccharide structures will facilitate the improvement of typing systems and the prediction of the protective efficacy of vaccines
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Patients with ulcerative colitis who have normalized histology are clinically stable after de-escalation of therapy
We have previously demonstrated that histological normalization in ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with superior maintenance of remission outcomes. This single-center, retrospective case-control study assessed outcomes after the therapeutic de-escalation in UC patients who have achieved histologic normalization. A total of 111 patients were included, of which 24 underwent de-escalation, and 87 patients without therapeutic changes. The most commonly withdrawn therapy was aminosalicylates (50%), followed by immunomodulators (37.5%), and biologics (12.5%). Fourteen patients remained on therapies after de-escalation, including aminosalicylate (9/14), immunomodulators (3/14), and biologics (3/14), while 10 patients were not on any therapy immediately after withdrawal. Median follow-up was 43 months in the de-escalation group and 47 months in the control. The rates of clinical, endoscopic, and histologic recurrence were not significantly different between the two groups, nor was the proportion of patients who subsequently required additional therapies after withdrawal (P = 0.133). Clinical and endo-histologic recurrence rates were the lowest in patients who withdrew immunomodulators (0% and 14.3%, respectively). We demonstrate the clinical stability of therapeutic withdrawal in UC patients with histologic normalization
Interaction Between Convection and Pulsation
This article reviews our current understanding of modelling convection
dynamics in stars. Several semi-analytical time-dependent convection models
have been proposed for pulsating one-dimensional stellar structures with
different formulations for how the convective turbulent velocity field couples
with the global stellar oscillations. In this review we put emphasis on two,
widely used, time-dependent convection formulations for estimating pulsation
properties in one-dimensional stellar models. Applications to pulsating stars
are presented with results for oscillation properties, such as the effects of
convection dynamics on the oscillation frequencies, or the stability of
pulsation modes, in classical pulsators and in stars supporting solar-type
oscillations.Comment: Invited review article for Living Reviews in Solar Physics. 88 pages,
14 figure
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