PENGARUH STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN DAN GAYA BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KEWIRAUSAHAAN MAHASISWA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MANADO

Entrepreneurship learning outcomes are a manifestation of the abilities achieved, mastered or owned by individuals in this case students after receiving an entrepreneurial learning experience. There needs to be a learning strategy that can be applied to manage a good learning process such as the CTL strategy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of learning strategies and learning styles on learning outcomes of Entrepreneurship courses. This research uses quasi-experimental method (quasi experimental) with by design factorial 2x2. The research instrument uses multiple-choice tests to measure learning outcomes, while a questionnaire is used to measure self-efficacy. Data analysis techniques include test requirements analysis and hypothesis testing. Analysis requirements test consists of normality test using Liliefors test and homogeneity test using Barlett test. Hypothesis testing using two-way Anava test, followed by Scheffe test. The results of the study: (1) Student entrepreneurship learning outcomes learned by CTL learning strategies are higher than student learning outcomes that are taught by conventional learning strategies, (2) Entrepreneurship learning outcomes between students who have a visual learning style higher than student learning outcomes who have auditorial learning style, (3) There is an interaction effect between learning strategies and learning styles on student learning outcomes in entrepreneurship courses, (4) student entrepreneurial learning outcomes that are taught by CTL learning strategies and have a higher visual learning style than student entrepreneurship learning outcomes which are taught by conventional learning strategies, (5) student entrepreneurial learning outcomes that are taught by CTL learning strategies and have lower auditory learning styles than those taught with convective learning strategies (6) Student entrepreneurship learning outcomes that are taught by CTL learning strategies and have a visual learning style are higher than students who have an auditory learning style, and (7) student entrepreneurial learning outcomes that are taught with conventional learning strategies and have more visual learning styles lower than students who have an auditory learning style. ******** Hasil belajar kewirausahaan adalah wujud dari kemampuan yang dicapai, dikuasai atau dimiliki oleh individu dalam hal ini mahasiswa setelah menerima suatu pengalaman belajar kewirausahaan. Perlu adanya strategi pembelajaran yang dapat diterapkan untuk mengelola proses pembelajaran yang baik seperti strategi CTL. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh strategi pembelajaran dan gaya belajar pada hasil belajar mata kuliah Kewirausahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen semu (quasi experimental) dengan desain factorial 2x2. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan tes pilihan ganda untuk mengukur hasil belajar, sedangkan untuk mengukur gaya belajar digunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data meliputi uji persyaratan analisis dan uji hipotesis. Uji persyaratan analisis terdiri dari uji normalitas dengan menggunakan uji Liliefors dan uji homogenitas dengan menggunakan uji Barlett. Uji hipotesis menggunakan uji Anava dua jalur. Hasil penelitian: (1) Hasil belajar kewirausahaan mahasiswa yang dibelajarkan dengan strategi pembelajaran CTL lebih tinggi daripada hasil belajar mahasiswa yang dibelajarkan dengan strategi pembelajaran konvensional, (2) Hasil belajar kewirausahaan antara mahasiswa yang memiliki gaya belajar visual lebih tinggi daripada hasil belajar mahasiswa yang memiliki gaya belajar auditorial, (3) Terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara strategi pembelajaran dan gaya belajar terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa pada mata kuliah kewirausahaan, (4) Hasil belajar kewirausahaan mahasiswa yang dibelajarkan dengan strategi pembelajaran CTL dan memiliki gaya belajar visual lebih tinggi daripada hasil belajar kewirausahaan mahasiswa yang dibelajarkan dengan strategi pembelajaran konvensional, (5) Hasil belajar kewirausahaan mahasiswa yang dibelajarkan dengan strategi pembelajaran CTL dan memiliki gaya belajar auditorial lebih rendah daripada yang dibelajarkan dengan strategi pembelajaran konvensional, (6) Hasil belajar kewirausahaan mahasiswa yang dibelajarkan dengan strategi pembelajaran CTL dan memiliki gaya belajar visual lebih tinggi daripada mahasiswa yang memiliki gaya belajar auditorial, dan (7) Hasil belajar kewirausahaan mahasiswa yang dibelajarkan dengan strategi pembelajaran konvensional dan memiliki gaya belajar visual lebih rendah daripada mahasiswa yang memiliki gaya belajar auditorial

The high-risk recipient: the Eighth Annual American Society of Transplant Surgeons’ State-of-the-Art Winter Symposium

Sung RS, Pomfret EA, Andreoni KA, Baker TB, Peters TG. The high-risk recipient: the Eighth Annual American Society of Transplant Surgeons’ State-of-the-Art Winter Symposium. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 23–28. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.The evolution of organ transplantation has produced results so successful that many transplant programs commonly see recipients with medical risks, which in the past, would have prohibited transplantation. The Eighth Annual American Society of Transplant Surgeons State-of-the-Art Winter Symposium focused on the high-risk recipient. The assessment of risk has evolved over time, as transplantation has matured. The acceptance of risk associated with a given candidate today is often made in consideration of the relative value of the organ to other candidates, the regulatory environment, and philosophical notions of utility, equity, and fairness. In addition, transplant programs must balance outcomes, transplant volume, and the costs of organ transplantation, which are impacted by high-risk recipients. Discussion focused on various types of high-risk recipients, such as those with coronary artery disease, morbid obesity, and hepatitis C; strategies to reduce risk, such as down-staging of hepatocellular carcinoma and treatment of pulmonary hypertension; the development of alternatives to transplantation; and the degree to which risk can or should be used to define candidate selection. These approaches can modify the impact of recipient risk on transplant outcomes and permit transplantation to be applied successfully to a greater variety of patients.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78695/1/j.1399-0012.2009.01156.x.pd

Heart Transplantation in Pediatric Patients: Twelve-Year Experience of the Asan Medical Center

Heart transplantation is a standard treatment for end-stage heart disease. Pediatric heart transplantation, however, is not frequently performed due to the shortage of pediatric heart donors. This is the first report of pediatric heart transplantation in Korea. Our retrospective study included 37 patients younger than 18 yr of age who underwent heart transplantation at Asan Medical Center between August 1997 and April 2009. Preoperative diagnosis was either cardiomyopathy (n = 29, 78.3%) or congenital heart disease (n = 8, 22.7%). Mean follow up period was 56.9 ± 44.6 months. There were no early death, but 7 late deaths (7/37, 18.9%) due to rejection after 11, 15, 41 months (n = 3), infection after 5, 8, 10 months (n = 3), suspicious ventricular arrhythmia after 50 months (n = 1). There was no significant risk factor for survival. There were 25 rejections (25/37, 67.6%); less than grade II occurred in 17 patients (17/25, 68%) and more than grade II occurred in 8 patients (8/25, 32%). Actuarial 1, 5, and 10 yr survival was 88.6%, 76.8%, and 76.8%. Our midterm survival of pediatric heart transplantation showed excellent results. We hope this result could be an encouraging message to do more pediatric heart transplantation in Korean society

Clinically Suspected Myocarditis Temporally Related to COVID-19 Vaccination in Adolescents and Young Adults: Suspected Myocarditis After COVID-19 Vaccination

BACKGROUND: Understanding the clinical course and short-term outcomes of suspected myocarditis after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination has important public health implications in the decision to vaccinate youth. METHODS: We retrospectively collected data on patients <21 years old presenting before July 4, 2021, with suspected myocarditis within 30 days of COVID-19 vaccination. Lake Louise criteria were used for cardiac MRI findings. Myocarditis cases were classified as confirmed or probable on the basis of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions. RESULTS: We report on 139 adolescents and young adults with 140 episodes of suspected myocarditis (49 confirmed, 91 probable) at 26 centers. Most patients were male (n=126, 90.6%) and White (n=92, 66.2%); 29 (20.9%) were Hispanic; and the median age was 15.8 years (range, 12.1-20.3; interquartile range [IQR], 14.5-17.0). Suspected myocarditis occurred in 136 patients (97.8%) after the mRNA vaccine, with 131 (94.2%) after the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine; 128 (91.4%) occurred after the second dose. Symptoms started at a median of 2 days (range, 0-22; IQR, 1-3) after vaccination. The most common symptom was chest pain (99.3%). Patients were treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (81.3%), intravenous immunoglobulin (21.6%), glucocorticoids (21.6%), colchicine (7.9%), or no anti-inflammatory therapies (8.6%). Twenty-six patients (18.7%) were in the intensive care unit, 2 were treated with inotropic/vasoactive support, and none required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or died. Median hospital stay was 2 days (range, 0-10; IQR, 2-3). All patients had elevated troponin I (n=111, 8.12 ng/mL; IQR, 3.50-15.90) or T (n=28, 0.61 ng/mL; IQR, 0.25-1.30); 69.8% had abnormal ECGs and arrhythmias (7 with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia); and 18.7% had left ventricular ejection fraction <55% on echocardiogram. Of 97 patients who underwent cardiac MRI at a median 5 days (range, 0-88; IQR, 3-17) from symptom onset, 75 (77.3%) had abnormal findings: 74 (76.3%) had late gadolinium enhancement, 54 (55.7%) had myocardial edema, and 49 (50.5%) met Lake Louise criteria. Among 26 patients with left ventricular ejection fraction <55% on echocardiogram, all with follow-up had normalized function (n=25). CONCLUSIONS: Most cases of suspected COVID-19 vaccine myocarditis occurring in persons <21 years have a mild clinical course with rapid resolution of symptoms. Abnormal findings on cardiac MRI were frequent. Future studies should evaluate risk factors, mechanisms, and long-term outcomes

Clinically Suspected Myocarditis Temporally Related to COVID-19 Vaccination in Adolescents and Young Adults: Suspected Myocarditis After COVID-19 Vaccination

Background: Understanding the clinical course and short-term outcomes of suspected myocarditis after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination has important public health implications in the decision to vaccinate youth. Methods: We retrospectively collected data on patients <21 years old presenting before July 4, 2021, with suspected myocarditis within 30 days of COVID-19 vaccination. Lake Louise criteria were used for cardiac MRI findings. Myocarditis cases were classified as confirmed or probable on the basis of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions. Results: We report on 139 adolescents and young adults with 140 episodes of suspected myocarditis (49 confirmed, 91 probable) at 26 centers. Most patients were male (n=126, 90.6%) and White (n=92, 66.2%); 29 (20.9%) were Hispanic; and the median age was 15.8 years (range, 12.1–20.3; interquartile range [IQR], 14.5–17.0). Suspected myocarditis occurred in 136 patients (97.8%) after the mRNA vaccine, with 131 (94.2%) after the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine; 128 (91.4%) occurred after the second dose. Symptoms started at a median of 2 days (range, 0–22; IQR, 1–3) after vaccination. The most common symptom was chest pain (99.3%). Patients were treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (81.3%), intravenous immunoglobulin (21.6%), glucocorticoids (21.6%), colchicine (7.9%), or no anti-inflammatory therapies (8.6%). Twenty-six patients (18.7%) were in the intensive care unit, 2 were treated with inotropic/vasoactive support, and none required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or died. Median hospital stay was 2 days (range, 0–10; IQR, 2–3). All patients had elevated troponin I (n=111, 8.12 ng/mL; IQR, 3.50–15.90) or T (n=28, 0.61 ng/mL; IQR, 0.25–1.30); 69.8% had abnormal ECGs and arrhythmias (7 with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia); and 18.7% had left ventricular ejection fraction <55% on echocardiogram. Of 97 patients who underwent cardiac MRI at a median 5 days (range, 0–88; IQR, 3–17) from symptom onset, 75 (77.3%) had abnormal findings: 74 (76.3%) had late gadolinium enhancement, 54 (55.7%) had myocardial edema, and 49 (50.5%) met Lake Louise criteria. Among 26 patients with left ventricular ejection fraction <55% on echocardiogram, all with follow-up had normalized function (n=25). Conclusions: Most cases of suspected COVID-19 vaccine myocarditis occurring in persons <21 years have a mild clinical course with rapid resolution of symptoms. Abnormal findings on cardiac MRI were frequent. Future studies should evaluate risk factors, mechanisms, and long-term outcomes

Factors Influencing Students’ Protracted Duration For Completing Study Programmes: The Case Of Out Students Registered Between 1994 And 2002

This report is the result of a study aimed at investigating factors that influence students’ protracted duration for completing their respective study programmes at the OUT. A case study design of students registered with the OUT between 1994 and 2002 was adopted. Data were collected through validated interviews and questionnaires and the use of unpublished documentary materials for review. Analysis was done through absolute and relative frequencies recorded in tables for the quantitave data and content analysis reported in themes and categories or direct quotations for the qualitative data. The findings show that the university’s failure to supply adequate study materials on time, mark assignments/tests and examinations and return scripts to students on time, poor record keeping of students’ academic progress records, insufficient number of tutors, and lack of organized study centres, contributed to the students’ protracted time for completion of their course programmes. Student’s failure to pay tuition fees on time, heavy responsibility at work and at family levels, poor time management, failure to attend orientation and face to face sessions, participation in social activities, postponement of annual examinations and studies constituted factors that negatively influenced students completion of study programmes. I recommend that OUT upload soft copies of study materials on the OUT website for students to access; enhance face-to-face sessions; and undergraduates are advised to possess laptops and/or cell phones that can be utilized to access information from the internet. For further research I recommend that a study be conducted to assess the additional cost for students who pay for face to face sessions with facilitators other than those organised by OUT staff