Urban growth and land use change from 1975 to 2015 in Samara city, Russia

This study illustrates the spatio-temporal dynamics of urban growth and land use changes in Samara city, Russia from 1975 to 2015. Landsat satellite imageries of five different time periods from 1975 to 2015 were acquired and quantify the changes with the help of ArcGIS 10.1 Software. By applying classification methods to the satellite images four main types of land use were extracted: water, built-up, forest and grassland. Then, the area coverage for all the land use types at different points in time were measured and coupled with population data. The results demonstrate that, over the entire study period, population was increased from 1146 thousand people to 1244 thousand from 1975 to 1990 but later on first reduce and then increase again, now 1173 thousand population. Builtup area is also change according to population. The present study revealed an increase in built-up by 37.01% from 1975 to 1995, than reduce -88.83% till 2005 and an increase by 39.16% from 2005 to 2015, along with the increase in population, migration from rural areas owing to the economic growth and technological advantages associated with urbanization. Information on urban growth, land use and land cover change study is very useful to local government and urban planners for the betterment of future plans to sustainable development of the city

BUOYANCY AND CHEMICAL REACTION EFFECTS ON MHD FREE CONVECTIVE SLIP FLOW OF NEWTONIAN AND POLAR FLUID THROUGH POROUSMEDIUM IN THE PRESENCE OF THERMAL RADIATION AND OHMIC HEATING WITH DUFOUR EFFECT

The present paper investigates the effects of thermal radiation, joule heating on an unsteady hydro magnetic free convective flow of a viscous electrically conductive Newtonian and polar fluid past a semi-infinite vertical plate embedded in a porous media in the presence of heat absorption, chemical reaction, slip flow and Dufour effect. Analytical perturbation solutions are obtained for the velocity, temperature and concentration fields as well as for the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sharewood number. The results are presented in graphical forms to study the effects of various parameters

Establishing Trimester-Specific Hemoglobin A1c Reference Levels for Pregnant Women: A retrospective study among healthy South Asian women with normal pregnancy outcomes

Objectives: This study aimed to define trimester-specific hemoglobin A1c (A1c) reference intervals among healthy South Asian pregnant women. Methods: In this restrospective study,1357 pregnant women without diabetes, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, anemia, β-thalassemia, or systemic diseases were included. They had term delivery of babies having weight appropriate for gestational age. A1c (using high performance liquid chromatography, meeting the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program and International Federation of Clinical Chemistry standards), hemoglobin, and RBC indices were estimated at the first antenatal visit. The A1c levels were calculated in terms of non-parametric 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles for women in first (T1), second (T2), and third (T3) trimester groups. The control group included 67 healthy non-pregnant women. Statistical tests were used to obtain the normal the normal reference values for the HbA1c . and the tests were considered significant when p value <0.05. Results: The median HbA1c (2.5 to 97.5 percentiles) was lower among the pregnant women; 4.8 (4-5.5) % or 32 (20-39) mmol/mol than in the non pregnant women; 5.1 (4-5.7) % or 29 (20-37) mmol/mol ( p <0.001). These were 4.9 (4.1-5.5) % or 30 (21-37) mmol/mol, 4.8 (4-5.3) % or 29 (20-34) mmol/mol, and 4.8 (3.9-5.6) % or 29 (19-38) mmol/mol for the T1, T2 and T3 groups, respectively; p-values:T1 vs T2=<0.001, T1 vs T3= 0.002, T2 vs T3= 0.111, T1 vs non pregnant group = <0.001. Conclusions: Compared to normal non pregnant women, the A1c was lower in normal pregnant women in South Asian population. These A1c changes were observed despite having significantly higher body max index among women in the T2 and T3 groups than in the T1 and non pregnant groups. To understand the factors determining the A1c decrease in pregnancy and to validate the findings of this study, we recommend further prospective studies among South Asian womenKeywords: Asian, Gestational diabetes, HbA1c , Pregnancy trimesters, Reference  values

Megakaryopoiesis impairment through acute innate immune signaling activation by azacitidine

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Okoye-Okafor et al.Thrombocytopenia, prevalent in the majority of patients with myeloid malignancies, such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML), is an independent adverse prognostic factor. Azacitidine (AZA), a mainstay therapeutic agent for stem cell transplant–ineligible patients with MDS/AML, often transiently induces or further aggravates disease-associated thrombocytopenia by an unknown mechanism. Here, we uncover the critical role of an acute type-I interferon (IFN-I) signaling activation in suppressing megakaryopoiesis in AZA-mediated thrombocytopenia. We demonstrate that megakaryocytic lineage-primed progenitors present IFN-I receptors and, upon AZA exposure, engage STAT1/SOCS1-dependent downstream signaling prematurely attenuating thrombopoietin receptor (TPO-R) signaling and constraining megakaryocytic progenitor cell growth and differentiation following TPO-R stimulation. Our findings directly implicate RNA demethylation and IFN-I signal activation as a root cause for AZA-mediated thrombocytopenia and suggest mitigation of TPO-R inhibitory innate immune signaling as a suitable therapeutic strategy to support platelet production, particularly during the early phases of AZA therapy.Peer reviewe

EFFECT OF APAMARGA KSARTAIL UTTARBASTI AND PHALAGHRITA IN BILATERAL TUBAL BLOCKAGE- A CASE STUDY

The present case study was carried out to evaluate the role of Uttar basti with in tubal blockage, in order to establish it as a safer and cost effective Ayurvedic treatment modality. The criteria for selection of tubal blockage diagnosed in diagnostic laproscopy. Uttar basti was administered, after cessation of menstruation, to the screened patient through hematological, urinary and serological (HIV, VDRL, HBsAG) investigations. The result suggests that Uttar basti is a highly significant treatment for tubal blockage. Uttar basti is ideal local therapy is to be adopted in tubal block. Apamarga ksar tail is very good Vata kaphashamak guna and Lekhan properties, Taila is having the property to reach minute channels in body. Phala ghruta is best for all Yonirogas, also to reduce Dhaha which is due to Kshar tail

Detecting vegetation drought dynamics in European Russia

Rainfall and temperature are the key factors responsible for vegetation condition, health and growth. This research work analysis spatiotemporal phenomena in between SPI, LST and VIs in summer session from 2000 to 2018 in European Russia. This study used MODIS, NDVI, LST and TRMM data. The negative SPI values represent increasing drought events with reducing rainfall and vice-versa. Numerical consequences specify that mean annual rainfall, VIs variate according to SPI values and they completely change in the year 2004, 2009 and 2015. VIs also indirectly related to LST as high LST values (high temperature) associated with low VIs values (low vegetation) and vice-versa, with correlation coefficients 0.90. Correlation analysis of VIs, SPI and LST indicate close relationship in between vegetation, rainfall and temperature and this relationship can be used for near real time vegetation drought dynamics monitoring through satellite data for short term to long term changes in vegetation growth

Spatial modelling for natural and environmental vulnerability through remote sensing and GIS in Astrakhan, Russia

This research work presents vulnerability mapping with land use/cover change detection in Astrakhan city Russia. This study identifies, assess and classify vulnerability using landscape pattern from multidisciplinary approach based on remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) approach. To identify vulnerability we used following thematic layers: land use/cover, vegetation, soil, geology and geomorphology in ArcGIS software. According to numerical results vulnerability classified into five levels: low, reasonable, moderate, high and extreme vulnerability by mean of cluster principal. The results indicated a large presence of area with moderate vulnerability (54.62%). All potentially polluted lands showed more than half of their areas as moderate (54.62%) and reasonable vulnerability (33.56%) regions. In the study area encroachment, population growth, industrialization and governmental polices for environmental protection were found to be the major factors that caused the main changes. This study is helpful for decision making for eco-environmental recovering and rebuilding as well as predicting the future development. Keywords: Land use/cover, GIS, Remote sensing, Vulnerabilit