A review on Charakokta Kanthya Mahakashaya

Ayurvedic classical texts provide unique treatment modalities and medication for the disease conditions. It mainly aims to maintain the health & cure the Vyadhi. Throat is considered as a common pathway for the respiratory and digestive tract. Any kind of alteration in normalcy in the function of throat has been considered as Kantha or Gala roga in Ayurvedic texts. Kantha is one among the Dashapranayatana any harm to this may lead to various Vikruties. Acharya Charaka in Shatvirechana Shatashritiya Adhaya of Bheshaja Chatushka explained 50 groups of Mahakashayas based on Karmas. Kanthyamaha Kashaya is one such group which is said to be more effective in Kanthagata Vikaras & are Hitakara for the Kantha. The Drugs in Kanthya Mahakashaya are Sariva, Ikshumula, Madhuka, Pippali, Draksha, Vidari, Kaitarya, Hamsapadi, Bruhati & Kanthakarika. These drugs can be used individually or in combination. These drugs are Madhura, Katu, Tikta, Rasapradhana, Ushna, Sheeta Virya, Katu, Madhura Vipaka, Ruksha, Laghu, Snigdha Guna and Tridoshaghna properties. Due to these qualities they cure Kanthagata Vikaras or are said to be Hitakara for the Kantha. This article is an attempt to describe Charakokta Kanthya Mahakashaya

Cystic fibrosis presenting as recurrent pancreatitis in a young child with a normal sweat test and pancreas divisum: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Pancreatitis is a rare manifestation of cystic fibrosis (CF) and may rarely be the presenting symptom in adolescent or adult patients with CF. We report a case of a 4 year-old female who initially presented with recurrent pancreatitis, a normal sweat test, and a diagnosis of pancreas divisum. She was subsequently diagnosed with cystic fibrosis at the age of 6 years, despite normal growth and no pulmonary symptoms, after nasal potential difference measurements suggested possible CF and two known CF-causing mutations (ΔF508 and L997F) were detected.</p> <p>Case Presentation</p> <p>An otherwise healthy 4 year-old female developed chronic pancreatitis and was diagnosed with pancreas divisum. Sphincterotomy was performed without resolution of her pancreatitis. Sweat test was negative for cystic fibrosis, but measurement of nasal potential differences suggested possible cystic fibrosis. These results prompted extended Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator Conductance (CFTR) mutational analysis that revealed a compound heterozygous mutation: ΔF508 and L997F.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>CFTR mutations should be considered in cases of chronic or recurrent pancreatitis despite a negative sweat test and the presence of pancreas divisum. Children with CFTR mutations may present with recurrent pancreatitis, lacking any other signs or symptoms of cystic fibrosis. It is possible that the combination of pancreas divisum and abnormal CFTR function may contribute to the severity and frequency of recurrent pancreatitis.</p

Typhoid ulcer causing life-threatening bleeding from Dieulafoy's lesion of the ileum in a seven-year-old child: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>We describe a case of rare complication of typhoid fever in a seven-year-old child and review the literature with regard to other rare causes of bleeding per rectum. Dieulafoy's lesion is an uncommon but important cause of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. Dieulafoy's lesion located extragastrically is rare. We report a case of typhoid ulcer with Dieulafoy's lesion of the ileum causing severe life-threatening bleeding and discuss the management of this extremely uncommon entity.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>As a complication of typhoid fever, a seven-year-old Kurdish girl from Northern Iraq developed massive fresh bleeding per rectum. During colonoscopy and laparotomy, she was discovered to have multiple bleeding ulcers within the Dieulafoy's lesion in the terminal ileum and ileocecal region.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Although there is no practical way of predicting the occurrence of such rare complications, we emphasize in this case report the wide array of pathologies that can result from typhoid fever.</p

Assessing Susceptibility from Early-Life Exposure to Carcinogens

Cancer risk assessment methods currently assume that children and adults are equally susceptible to exposure to chemicals. We reviewed available scientific literature to determine whether this was scientifically supported. We identified more than 50 chemicals causing cancer after perinatal exposure. Human data are extremely limited, with radiation exposures showing increased early susceptibility at some tumor sites. Twenty-seven rodent studies for 18 chemicals had sufficient data after postnatal and adult exposures to quantitatively estimate potential increased susceptibility from early-life exposure, calculated as the ratio of juvenile to adult cancer potencies for three study types: acute dosing, repeated dosing, and lifetime dosing. Twelve of the chemicals act through a mutagenic mode of action. For these, the geometric mean ratio was 11 for lifetime exposures and 8.7 for repeat exposures, with a ratio of 10 for these studies combined. The geometric mean ratio for acute studies is 1.5, which was influenced by tissue-specific results [geometric mean ratios for kidney, leukemia, liver, lymph, mammary, nerve, reticular tissue, thymic lymphoma, and uterus/vagina > 1 (range, 1.6–8.1); forestomach, harderian gland, ovaries, and thyroid < 1 (range, 0.033–0.45)]. Chemicals causing cancer through other modes of action indicate some increased susceptibility from postnatal exposure (geometric mean ratio is 3.4 for lifetime exposure, 2.2 for repeat exposure). Early exposures to compounds with endocrine activity sometimes produce different tumors after exposures at different ages. These analyses suggest increased susceptibility to cancer from early-life exposure, particularly for chemicals acting through a mutagenic mode of action

PATHOLOGIC STUDIES OF AFLATOXIN FRACTIONS AND DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE IN MRC (MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL) RATS.

Abstract not availabl

RF low-noise amplifier, oscillator and resistive mixer design

In the communication system, Low noise amplifier, oscillator and Mixer are the key components at the receiving and transmitting end. Due to high data rate requirement, many wireless applications at high frequencies have been proposed and developed. This master thesis deals with the designing of Single stage Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), Oscillator and Resistive mixer which operated at high frequencies by using same transistor. The circuit implementation and simulations are presented to verify the performance of Low noise amplifier, oscillator and mixer. At first, single stage low noise amplifier was designed to operate at 16 GHz using the Field Effect Transistor (FET), and then same transistor is used to build the fixed frequency oscillator operated at 16 GHz by using the techniques of unstabilization of a stable transistor. Finally a resistive mixer was designed using the same transistor, which operates as a down converter. There are several software packages in the industry that are used for the design and simulation of RF circuits. The one that we chose to use was Applied Wave Research's Microwave Office 2010. The primary reason for this choice was that we could obtain our own trial copy which gave us much more flexibility in the design process