14 research outputs found

    The Impact of Remittances on Human Capital in Sub-Saharan Countries

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    This study has examined the impact of remittances on human capital based on 23 Sub-Saharan countries (SSA) from 1981 to 2010. Our primary contribution lies in demonstrating that remittances have a positive impact on the enhancement of human capital in these SSA countries. The results indicate that a 1 percent increase in remittances leads to a 0.26 percent rise in the average years of schooling. To ensure the credibility of our findings, we employ a Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach to control for the endogeneity of remittances and human capital in our empirical analysi

    Remittances, poverty and human capital: evidence from developing countries

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    Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between remittances and poverty through the human capital channel in developing countries, which has received less attention in the literature. Design/methodology/approach: The paper applied the system GMM developed by Arellano and Bond (1991) and Arellano and Bover (1995) containing 54 developing countries. This estimator is appropriate compared to a cross-section technique because it controls for the endogeneity of all explanatory variables, includes unobserved country-specific effects and allows for the inclusion of lagged dependent variables. Findings: The results suggest that, while remittances reduced poverty, the effect is moderated via education. A 1 percent increase in remittances reduces the poverty headcount by 0.47 percent, while the reduction is 0.33 percent via education. The marginal effect of remittances is negatively related to the level of education, indicating that education mitigates the effect of remittances on poverty. Practical implications: This paper includes the implications for the policymakers to justify the need for more effective approaches. It is useful to identify whether and how remittances and human capital interact in their effect on poverty when deciding the most desirable allocation of available resources between these two priorities. Originality/value This paper takes a step forward filling the limited evidence on the role of human capital in remittances–poverty relationship in developing countries. Different from the existing studies which have used the traditional panel estimators, this study utilizes the dynamic panel estimators such as system GMM to tackle the specification issues of endogeneity, measurement errors and heterogeneity

    Environmental Quality and Economic Growth: An empirical analysis in Asian countries

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    This study investigates the relationship between environmental quality and economic growth in Asian countries. The findings from Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator affirmed the existence of a long-run relationship between environmental quality and economic development. The higher the economic growth, the higher the CO2 consumption. In the short run, economic growth exacts no harmful impact. Researchers and policymakers should be careful about the effect of economic growth and rising incomes on environmental pollution with the prioritisation of sustainable usage of environmental policy. Investment and consumption of renewable energy that is less harmful to the environment should be focused on minimising environmental pollution. Keywords: environmental quality; economic growth; Asian countries; PMG eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under the responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians), and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i21.367

    Do remittances promote human development? empirical evidence from developing countries

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    Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of remittances on human development in developing countries using panel data from 1980 to 2014 and to address the critical question of whether the increasing trend of remittances has any impact on human development in a broad range of developing countries. Design/methodology/approach: Usual panel estimates, such as pooled OLS, fixed or random effects model, possess specification issues such as endogeneity, heterogeneity and measurement errors. In this paper, we, therefore, apply dynamic panel estimates – System generalised method of moment (Sys-GMM) developed by Arellano and Bond (1991) and Arellano and Bover (1995). This estimator is able to control for the endogeneity of all the explanatory variables, account for unobserved country-specific effects that cannot be done using country dummies due to the dynamic structure of the model (Azman-Saini et al., 2010). Findings: The effect of remittances is statistically significant with positive coefficients in developing countries. The significant coefficient of remittances means that, holding other variables constant, a rise in remittance inflows is associated with improvements in human development. A 10 per cent increase in remittances will lead to an increase of approximately 0.016 per cent in human development. These findings are consistent with Üstubuci and Irdam (2012) and Adenutsi (2010), who found evidence that remittances are positively correlated with human development. Practical implications: The paper considers implications for policymakers to justify the need for more effective approaches. Policymakers need to consider indicators of human development and to devise public policies that promote income, health and education, to enhance human development. Originality/value: The question of whether remittances affect human development has rarely been subject to systematic empirical study. Extant research does not resolve the endogeneity problem, whereas the present study provides empirical evidence by utilising dynamic panel estimators such as Sys-GMM to tackle the specification issues of endogeneity, measurement errors and heterogeneity. The present study provides a benchmark for future research on the effect of remittances on human development

    The burden of cardiovascular disease in Asia from 2025 to 2050: a forecast analysis for East Asia, South Asia, South-East Asia, Central Asia, and high-income Asia Pacific regions.

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    Summary Background Given the rapidly growing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Asia, this study forecasts the CVD burden and associated risk factors in Asia from 2025 to 2050. Methods Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study was used to construct regression models predicting prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributed to CVD and risk factors in Asia in the coming decades. Findings Between 2025 and 2050, crude cardiovascular mortality is expected to rise 91.2% despite a 23.0% decrease in the age-standardised cardiovascular mortality rate (ASMR). Ischaemic heart disease (115 deaths per 100,000 population) and stroke (63 deaths per 100,000 population) will remain leading drivers of ASMR in 2050. Central Asia will have the highest ASMR (676 deaths per 100,000 population), more than three-fold that of Asia overall (186 deaths per 100,000 population), while high-income Asia sub-regions will incur an ASMR of 22 deaths per 100,000 in 2050. High systolic blood pressure will contribute the highest ASMR throughout Asia (105 deaths per 100,000 population), except in Central Asia where high fasting plasma glucose will dominate (546 deaths per 100,000 population). Interpretation This forecast forewarns an almost doubling in crude cardiovascular mortality by 2050 in Asia, with marked heterogeneity across sub-regions. Atherosclerotic diseases will continue to dominate, while high systolic blood pressure will be the leading risk factor. Funding This was supported by the NUHS Seed Fund (NUHSRO/2022/058/RO5+6/Seed-Mar/03), National Medical Research Council Research Training Fellowship (MH 095:003/008-303), National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine's Junior Academic Fellowship Scheme, NUHS Clinician Scientist Program (NCSP2.0/2024/NUHS/NCWS) and the CArdiovascular DiseasE National Collaborative Enterprise (CADENCE) National Clinical Translational Program (MOH-001277-01)

    The burden of cardiovascular disease in Asia from 2025 to 2050: a forecast analysis for East Asia, South Asia, South-East Asia, Central Asia, and high-income Asia Pacific regions

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    Background: Given the rapidly growing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Asia, this study forecasts the CVD burden and associated risk factors in Asia from 2025 to 2050. Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study was used to construct regression models predicting prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributed to CVD and risk factors in Asia in the coming decades. Findings: Between 2025 and 2050, crude cardiovascular mortality is expected to rise 91.2% despite a 23.0% decrease in the age-standardised cardiovascular mortality rate (ASMR). Ischaemic heart disease (115 deaths per 100,000 population) and stroke (63 deaths per 100,000 population) will remain leading drivers of ASMR in 2050. Central Asia will have the highest ASMR (676 deaths per 100,000 population), more than three-fold that of Asia overall (186 deaths per 100,000 population), while high-income Asia sub-regions will incur an ASMR of 22 deaths per 100,000 in 2050. High systolic blood pressure will contribute the highest ASMR throughout Asia (105 deaths per 100,000 population), except in Central Asia where high fasting plasma glucose will dominate (546 deaths per 100,000 population). Interpretation:This forecast forewarns an almost doubling in crude cardiovascular mortality by 2050 in Asia, with marked heterogeneity across sub-regions. Atherosclerotic diseases will continue to dominate, while high systolic blood pressure will be the leading risk factor

    Effects of remittances on poverty and human development in developing countries

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    The issues of the increasing trend of worker’s remittances continue to attract the interest of scholars and policymakers because the growing consensus is that remittance inflows result in economic growth, poverty reduction and human development. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of remittances on poverty and human development. The first objective analyses the role of human capital in remittances and poverty relationship, whereas the second objective examines the impact of remittances on human development. Both objectives are applied the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) for the estimation. In the first issue, the main contribution of our work comes from the finding that while remittances reduce poverty, the effect is moderated via education. The impact of remittances on poverty reduces as years of education increases, which show that education exerts a stronger impact than remittances on poverty reduction. The findings imply that the role of remittances in reducing poverty should not be overemphasized particularly in the developing countries, and education is vital in these countries. As to reduce poverty in developing countries, the policy should focus on education by facilitating more schooling opportunities. The remaining control variables such as GDP per capita and financial developments have a negative and significant impact on poverty. Inequality has a positive and significant effect on poverty. The second objective is to examine the impact of remittances on human development. Using the panel data of 67 developing countries from 1981 to 2014, this study aims to answer the question, ‘How does remittances affect human development?’ Results reveal remittances exert a significant positive effect on human development, indicating that a 10 percent increase in remittances will lead to 8.51 percent increase in human development. We also find the effect of other variables on human development in the study. GDP per capita, financial development, inflation and government expenditure have a positive and significant effect on human development. Policy makers need to consider the indicators of human development as a catalyst to human development. Specifically, to improve human development, the policy should concentrate on health, and education in developing countries

    Stable diplatinum complexes with functional thiolato bridges from dialkylation of [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(P–P)₂] [P–P = 2 × PPh₃, Ph₂P(CH₂)₃PPh₂]

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    The normally robust monoalkylated complexes [Pt₂(μ-S)(μ-SR)(PPh₃)₄]⁺ can be activated towards further alkylation. Dialkylated complexes [Pt₂(μ-SR)₂(P–P)₂]²⁺ (P–P = 2 × PPh₃, Ph₂P(CH₂)₃PPh₂) can be stabilized and isolated by the use of electron-rich and aromatic halogenated substituents R [e.g. 3-(2-bromoethyl)indole and 2-bromo-4 -phenylacetophenone] and 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane [Ph₂P(CH₂)₃PPh₂ or dppp] which enhances the nucleophilicity of the {Pt₂(μ-S)₂} core. This strategy led to the activation of [Pt₂(μ-S)(μ-SR)(PPh₃)₄]⁺ towards R–X as well as isolation and crystallographic elucidation of [Pt₂(μ-SC₁₀H₁₀N)₂(PPh₃)₄](PF₆)₂ ( 2a), [Pt₂(μ-SCH₂C(O)C₆H₄C₆H₅)₂(PPh₃)₄](PF₆)₂ ( 2b), and a range of functionalized-thiolato bridged complexes such as [Pt₂(μ-SR)₂(dppp)₂](PF₆)₂ [R = –CH₂C₆H₅ ( 8a), –CH₂CHCH₂ ( 8b) and –CH₂CN ( 8c)]. The stepwise alkylation process is conveniently monitored by Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry, allowing for a direct qualitative comparison of the nucleophilicity of [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(P–P)₂], thereby guiding the bench-top synthesis of some products observed spectroscopically

    Understanding Consumers’ Collaborative Consumption Participation Intention in Malaysia: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour Model

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    The initial intention of practicing the collective way of consumption by the consumers was initiated by the idea of ethical consumption for those that yearned for social embeddedness with communal consciousness. Collaborative consumption is a new way of consumption practices beyond the less sustainable traditional linear consumption practices. This study examines the relative influence of consumers’ reasoned action variables of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on collaborative consumption by applying the theory of planned behavior The study framework also included consumers’ underlying values and beliefs of behavioural and control beliefs. A survey consisting of 249 samples size was collected and Partial Least Square regression (PLS-SEM) was employed to test the hypotheses. The results show that attitudes and perceived behavioural control are positive and significant in influencing collaborative consumption participation among Malaysian consumers. The behavioural belief of cost savings and community with others are found as consumers’ attitude belief underlying intention to consumer collectively. Consumers’ collaborative consumption intention is more influenced by economic motives than normative motives. Research paper Keywords: Collaborative Consumption; Theory of planned behaviour; Collaborative consumption; Malaysia Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Chuah, S. C., Huay, C. S., & Azman, F. B. (2022). Understanding Consumers’ Collaborative Consumption Participation Intention in Malaysia: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour Model. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 10(2S1), 1–27
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