HoxA3 is an apical regulator of haemogenic endothelium.

During development, haemogenesis occurs invariably at sites of vasculogenesis. Between embryonic day (E) 9.5 and E10.5 in mice, endothelial cells in the caudal part of the dorsal aorta generate haematopoietic stem cells and are referred to as haemogenic endothelium. The mechanisms by which haematopoiesis is restricted to this domain, and how the morphological transformation from endothelial to haematopoietic is controlled are unknown. We show here that HoxA3, a gene uniquely expressed in the embryonic but not yolk sac vasculature, restrains haematopoietic differentiation of the earliest endothelial progenitors, and induces reversion of the earliest haematopoietic progenitors into CD41-negative endothelial cells. This reversible modulation of endothelial-haematopoietic state is accomplished by targeting key haematopoietic transcription factors for downregulation, including Runx1, Gata1, Gfi1B, Ikaros, and PU.1. Through loss-of-function, and gain-of-function epistasis experiments, and the identification of antipodally regulated targets, we show that among these factors, Runx1 is uniquely able to erase the endothelial program set up by HoxA3. These results suggest both why a frank endothelium does not precede haematopoiesis in the yolk sac, and why haematopoietic stem cell generation requires Runx1 expression only in endothelial cells

In vitro antioxidant activity of Lantadene A

Lantadenes are the pentacyclic triterpenoids present in the leaves of the plant Lantana camara. Pentacyclic triterpenes are often studied as their biological properties are considerable and contributes to the development of modern therapeutic drugs. In recent years various natural product based compounds are extensively studied for various pharmacological activities including antioxidant activity. Therefore, this study aims to determine the in vitro antioxidant activity of Lantadene A (from Lantana camara ) as results will enhance the knowledge of the compound towards development of hepatoprotective agents. The antioxidant assays performed on the compound were the DPPH radical scavenging assay, nitric oxide assay, superoxide anions scavenging activity and iron chelating assay. Results showed promising antioxidant activities as the IC50 for Lantadene A in the above assays were 6.574 mg/ml, 0.098 mg/ml, 2.506 mg/ml and 0.001 mg/ml respectively as compared to the standards (BHT, ascorbic acid and EDTA) 0.027 mg/ml, 0.075 mg/ml, 1.025 mg/ml and 0.47 mg/ml respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging assay for Lantadene A was weaker than BHT while iron chelating assay of Lantadene A is much stronger than the standard. The rest of the assays were comparable to the reference standards. These results suggest that Lantadene A can be a potential cadidate to be developed as an antioxidant.

Relación entre el miedo al coronavirus (COVID-19) y la salud mental de las familias que acuden al Centro de Salud de Mariano Melgar

Desde diciembre del 2019 cuando se originó el nuevo virus que trajo como consecuencia la pandemia por COVID-19, la población mundial pero sobre todo las familias viven en constante temor ya que las cifras de contagio y mortalidad son extremadamente altas y cada día van en aumento, a pesar de todos los esfuerzos que las entidades gubernamentales hacen para tratar de controlar y frenar el virus, vemos a diario como los científicos anuncian que la propagación del nuevo coronavirus, en múltiples mutaciones, va a continuar en todos los continentes, causando una gran mortalidad y cambiando profundamente la vida económica, social y política del planeta. Las disposiciones que toman las entidades del estado cada 15 o 30 días (CUARENTENAS) tornan a las familias en un ambiente de inseguridad constante y el temor se exacerba, sabemos también que el miedo puede acrecentar el daño de la enfermedad en sí misma, pues ante un acontecimiento de urgencia sanitaria como la que estamos viviendo las complicaciones de salud mental son frecuentes, sin embargo las medidas de bioseguridad adoptadas por nuestras autoridades en Perú, han retrasado la gran capacidad de aislamiento, otros factores hacen que la gestión para terminar con esta pandemia sea muy difícil: la antigua atención médica, la falta de insumos y profesionales sanitarios, la circulación de la gente del territorio sin responsabilidad, imposibilitan una gestión adecuada para hacer frente, se suma además la demora o rezago de apoyo que sufren sobre todo los más vulnerables. Existiendo un gran temor en las personas y familias de las comunidades por todas las cosas que pueden ocurrir mañana. Esta pandemia ha hecho que cada día las familias enfrenten todas estas situaciones con mucho temor ante el futuro incierto tanto en salud, en lo económico y social. Es por ello que, en el presente trabajo mediremos cual es el temor que padecen las familias frente a enfermar por este nuevo coronavirus y cuáles son las consecuencias que este miedo les produce al vivir su día a día. Propósito: En los medios y las redes sociales, existe todo tipo de noticias y especulaciones sobre todo hay un exceso de información que ha generado temor llamado “coronafobia”. El cambio en los estilos de vida de las personas así como permanecer en el encierro y el distanciamiento social ha hecho que el miedo crezca en forma silenciosa y permanente en toda la población. Para promover esfuerzos de salud pública y calmar el miedo en la comunidad, algunos de los investigadores en varios países han desarrollado, adaptado y verificado el siguiente instrumento breve para medir el miedo frente al COVID-19 denominado Escala FCV-19S, que nos ayudara a conocer el temor que sufren las familias frente a esta pandemia. Materiales y métodos: Se trata de un estudio observacional de nivel correlacional prospectivo. Para este trabajo se utilizará el instrumento de recopilación de información basado en la Escala Fear – Covid FCV-19S, que se aplicaran a 100 familias que pertenecen a la jurisdicción del Centro de Salud Mariano Melgar.Proyecto de Investigació

Relación entre la inteligencia emocional y satisfacción laboral en trabajadores de los centros de salud nivel I-4 Arequipa

Introducción: Actualmente vivimos en un tiempo donde la inteligencia emocional es un factor importante para todo trabajador, pero sobre todo para aquellos que trabajamos en el área de la salud, pues nos permite tomar las acciones y decisiones correctas frente a nuestro entorno o ambiente laboral y obviamente frente a nuestros pacientes. En los centros de Salud nivel I- 4 laboran profesionales de la salud, que son muchas veces el primer contacto que tiene la población con los servicios de salud por lo tanto estudiar la inteligencia emocional y la satisfacción laboral en estos profesionales es importante para poder comprender sus necesidades. Objetivos: Determinar la relación existente entre la inteligencia emocional (Atención, Claridad y la Reparación) con la satisfacción laboral (Trabajo Actual, Trabajo en General, Oportunidad de Progreso, Remuneraciones e Incentivos, Interrelación con compañeros de trabajo y Ambiente de trabajo), en los trabajadores de los Centro de Salud I-4 de Arequipa. Materiales y métodos: Es un estudio observacional, prospectivo, transversal. Se aplicó los instrumentos a los trabajadores de los distintos centros de salud nivel I - 4 Arequipa, el muestreo fue por conveniencia usando estadística descriptiva para analizar la asociación entre las variables. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos confirman que el personal de salud con emociones bien gestionadas muestra simultáneamente una mayor satisfacción laboral y, por el contrario, el personal de salud con una gestión emocional deficiente se asocia con una insatisfacción laboral. Conclusión: Se ha hallado una relación significativa entre las variables de Inteligencia Emocional y Satisfacción Laboral en los trabajadores asistenciales y administrativos profesionales de los Centros de Salud I- 4 donde a mayor sea su nivel de inteligencia emocional mejor será la satisfacción laboral

Parents' trust in nurses: an ethnographic study of the nurse-parent relationship within the paediatric setting

The establishment of trust in the nurse-parent relationship is espoused to be fundamental in achieving partnership-in-care within paediatric nursing. Paediatric nursing has progressed since the 1960's and in the 1990's, the major breakthrough was the emergence of the partnership model. Hence, it would be ideal to investigate the elements facilitating the foundation of trust in the formation of a nurse-parent relationship. The purpose of this study is to identify the concept of formation of trust in the relationship between parents whose children suffer from chronic asthma and the paediatric nurses responsible for their care in a paediatric medical setting. The study also determined and explored the characteristics of a trustworthy nurse, and identified those factors which facilitated or impeded the development of trust between the paediatric nurse and the parent within the culture of the paediatric medical setting. Parents of hospitalised children were sought for data collection. Data was collected using field observations and semi-structured interviews. Participant observation and all ethnographic field notes were used to describe culture in relation to the concept of trust in the nurse-parent relationship. The findings indicated that elements vital to the development of trust between parents and paediatric nurses were pre-existing trust, knowledge of asthma, communication, building a relationship and confidentiality. Based on these findings, a model of trust and partnership was developed. The implications of the findings have been significantly related to keeping parents informed of their child's condition, the continuity in nursing care and paediatric nurses to introduce themselves at the beginning of each change of shift

Impact of Sodium Hydroxide Concentration and Reaction Time on the Modification of Empty Fruit Bunch for Heavy Metal Adsorption

The extraction of palm oil from its fresh fruit bunch by-produced at least 89.63 million ton of empty fruit bunch annually and it often ended up in landfill. Thus, it is important to address this issue by finding alternative use for empty fruit bunch such as utilization as adsorbent. The objectives of this work were to identify the most appropriate (i) sodium hydroxide concentration and (ii) reaction time for the modification of empty fruit bunch fiber into low-cost heavy metal adsorbent. The empty fruit bunch fiber was obtained from a local mill, thoroughly cleaned, oven dried, cut into required size, reacted with sodium hydroxide of various concentration and reaction time, rinsed, oven dried and experimented as adsorbent. Results revealed that the most appropriate sodium hydroxide concentration and reaction time for the modification of empty fruit bunch fiber was 0.1 M and 12 h. The adsorbent produced under this optimized modification setting was codenamed as EFBF0.1M 12h and it has the adsorption capacity of 5.14 and 14.31 mg/g for copper (II) and lead (II), respectively

Application of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch as Adsorbent: A Review

The abundance of oil palm wastes specifically oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) has possessed disposal issues that need to be tackled. Consequently, the utilisation of EFB as adsorbent for adsorbing pollutants from wastewater is a way forward. The unmodified EFB can be applied naturally but showed low adsorption capacity. The adsorption performance of EFB can be significantly improved upon modifications. This review covers the modification methods adopted to transform EFB into value-added adsorbent. Physical modifications discussed are heat pyrolysis, microwave irradiation and hydrothermal carbonisation. The output of heat pyrolysis followed by activation through oxidising gaseous and chemicals produced EFB activated carbon with high BET surface area and microporous which promotes high adsorption capacity. Besides, chemical modifications utilising acid, alkali, polymer grafting, organic and inorganic solvents provide high specificity on designing EFB adsorbent in the removal of targeted pollutants. Generally, this review serves as a guidance for researchers to move forward in searching for a simple, economic and environmental friendly technique to produce EFB based adsorbent with excellent properties and adsorption performance

Genetically Determined Plasma Lipid Levels and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Results from observational studies examining dyslipidemia as a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy (DR) have been inconsistent. We evaluated the causal relationship between plasma lipids and DR using a Mendelian randomization approach. We pooled genome-wide association studies summary statistics from 18 studies for two DR phenotypes: any DR (N = 2,969 case and 4,096 control subjects) and severe DR (N = 1,277 case and 3,980 control subjects). Previously identified lipid-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms served as instrumental variables. Meta-analysis to combine the Mendelian randomization estimates from different cohorts was conducted. There was no statistically significant change in odds ratios of having any DR or severe DR for any of the lipid fractions in the primary analysis that used single nucleotide polymorphisms that did not have a pleiotropic effect on another lipid fraction. Similarly, there was no significant association in the Caucasian and Chinese subgroup analyses. This study did not show evidence of a causal role of the four lipid fractions on DR. However, the study had limited power to detect odds ratios less than 1.23 per SD in genetically induced increase in plasma lipid levels, thus we cannot exclude that causal relationships with more modest effect sizes exist