851 research outputs found
Two-sided combinatorial volume bounds for non-obtuse hyperbolic polyhedra
We give a method for computing upper and lower bounds for the volume of a
non-obtuse hyperbolic polyhedron in terms of the combinatorics of the
1-skeleton. We introduce an algorithm that detects the geometric decomposition
of good 3-orbifolds with planar singular locus and underlying manifold the
3-sphere. The volume bounds follow from techniques related to the proof of
Thurston's Orbifold Theorem, Schl\"afli's formula, and previous results of the
author giving volume bounds for right-angled hyperbolic polyhedra.Comment: 36 pages, 19 figure
Electromagnetic Decays of Heavy Baryons
The electromagnetic decays of the ground state baryon multiplets with one
heavy quark are calculated using Heavy Hadron Chiral Perturbation Theory. The
M1 and E2 amplitudes for S^{*}--> S gamma, S^{*} --> T gamma and S --> T gamma
are separately computed. All M1 transitions are calculated up to
O(1/Lambda_chi^2). The E2 amplitudes contribute at the same order for S^{*}-->
S gamma, while for S^{*} --> T gamma they first appear at O(1/(m_Q
\Lambda_\chi^2)) and for S --> T gamma are completely negligible. The
renormalization of the chiral loops is discussed and relations among different
decay amplitudes are derived. We find that chiral loops involving
electromagnetic interactions of the light pseudoscalar mesons provide a sizable
enhancement of these decay widths. Furthermore, we obtain an absolute
prediction for the widths of Xi^{0'(*)}_c--> Xi^{0}_c gamma and Xi^{-'(*)}_b-->
Xi^{-}_b gamma. Our results are compared to other estimates existing in the
literature.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Limits on the monopole magnetic field from measurements of the electric dipole moments of atoms, molecules and the neutron
A radial magnetic field can induce a time invariance violating electric
dipole moment (EDM) in quantum systems. The EDMs of the Tl, Cs, Xe and Hg atoms
and the neutron that are produced by such a field are estimated. The
contributions of such a field to the constants, of the T,P-odd
interactions and are also estimated for the TlF, HgF and YbF molecules (where
() is the electron (nuclear) spin and is the molecular
axis). The best limit on the contact monopole field can be obtained from the
measured value of the Tl EDM. The possibility of such a field being produced
from polarization of the vacuum of electrically charged magnetic monopoles
(dyons) by a Coulomb field is discussed, as well as the limit on these dyons.
An alternative mechanism involves chromomagnetic and chromoelectric fields in
QCD.Comment: Uses RevTex, 16 pages, 4 postscript figures. An explanation of why
there is no orbital contribution to the EDM has been added, and the
presentation has been improved in genera
Direct J/Psi hadroproduction in k_\perp-factorization and the color octet mechanism
The hadroproduction of direct J/Psi in the framework of the
k_\perp-factorization approach is studied. The color-singlet contribution is
essentially larger than in the collinear approach but is still an order of
magnitude below the data. The deficit may be well described by the color octet
contribution with the value of the matrix element
substantially decreased in comparison with the fits in the collinear
factorization. This should lead to a reduction of the large transverse
polarization, predicted in the collinear approach.Comment: 3 pages, LaTeX, 2 eps figures, final PRD versio
Effects of T- and P-odd weak nucleon interaction in nuclei: renormalizations due to residual strong interaction, matrix elements between compound states and their correlations with P-violating matrix elements
Manifestations of P-,T-odd weak interaction between nucleons in nucleus are
considered. Renormalization of this interaction due to residual strong
interaction is studied. Mean squared matrix elements of P-,T-odd weak
interaction between compound states are calculated. Correlators between
P-,T-odd and P-odd, T-even weak interaction matrix elements between compound
states are considered and estimates for these quantities are obtained.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. C; 21 pages, REVTEX 3, no figure
Enhanced T-odd P-odd Electromagnetic Moments in Reflection Asymmetric Nuclei
Collective P- and T- odd moments produced by parity and time invariance
violating forces in reflection asymmetric nuclei are considered. The enhanced
collective Schiff, electric dipole and octupole moments appear due to the
mixing of rotational levels of opposite parity. These moments can exceed
single-particle moments by more than two orders of magnitude. The enhancement
is due to the collective nature of the intrinsic moments and the small energy
separation between members of parity doublets. In turn these nuclear moments
induce enhanced T- and P- odd effects in atoms and molecules. First a simple
estimate is given and then a detailed theoretical treatment of the collective
T-, P- odd electric moments in reflection asymmetric, odd-mass nuclei is
presented and various corrections evaluated. Calculations are performed for
octupole deformed long-lived odd-mass isotopes of Rn, Fr, Ra, Ac and Pa and the
corresponding atoms. Experiments with such atoms may improve substantially the
limits on time reversal violation.Comment: 28 pages, Revte
Muon-Spin Rotation Spectra in the Mixed Phase of High-T_c Superconductors : Thermal Fluctuations and Disorder Effects
We study muon-spin rotation (muSR) spectra in the mixed phase of highly
anisotropic layered superconductors, specifically Bi_2+xSr_2-xCaCu_2O_8+delta
(BSCCO), by modeling the fluid and solid phases of pancake vortices using
liquid-state and density functional methods. The role of thermal fluctuations
in causing motional narrowing of muSR lineshapes is quantified in terms of a
first-principles theory of the flux-lattice melting transition. The effects of
random point pinning are investigated using a replica treatment of liquid state
correlations and a replicated density functional theory. Our results indicate
that motional narrowing in the pure system, although substantial, cannot
account for the remarkably small linewidths obtained experimentally at
relatively high fields and low temperatures. We find that satisfactory
agreement with the muSR data for BSCCO in this regime can be obtained through
the ansatz that this ``phase'' is characterized by frozen short-range
positional correlations reflecting the structure of the liquid just above the
melting transition. This proposal is consistent with recent suggestions of a
``pinned liquid'' or ``glassy'' state of pancake vortices in the presence of
pinning disorder. Our results for the high-temperature liquid phase indicate
that measurable linewidths may be obtained in this phase as a consequence of
density inhomogeneities induced by the pinning disorder. The results presented
here comprise a unified, first-principles theoretical treatment of muSR spectra
in highly anisotropic layered superconductors in terms of a controlled set of
approximations.Comment: 50 pages Latex file, including 10 postscript figure
Optimization of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement parameters for PEM fuel cell spectrum determination
Currently, electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a widely used tool for the study of electrochemical systems, in general; and fuel cells, in particular. A great effort is typically invested in the analysis of the obtained spectra; whereas, little time is usually spent optimizing the measurement parameters used to obtain these spectra. In general, the default settings provided by the control software used to perform the measurements, or the parameters used in similar systems available in literature, are selected to carry out the measurements. The goal of this work is to determine the optimal measurement parameters for obtaining impedance spectra of a commercial PEM fuel cell. In order to achieve this, a 2^5 factorial design was considered. Five factors were considered, the five impedance spectroscopy measurement parameters: maximum integration time; minimum number of integration cycles; number of stabilization cycles; maximum stabilization time; and minimum cycle fraction. For each factor combination envisaged in the experimental design, the cell spectrum was obtained in given operation conditions, for which the reference spectrum of the system was known, since it had been determined in previous works. The experimentally obtained spectra were fitted to the reference electric equivalent
circuit. The mean square error between the experimental data fitting and the reference spectrum fitting was determined in each case, and was used as the dependant variable for the experimental design analysis. An analysis of the variance was performed in order to determine which measurement parameters have a significant effect on the dependant variable; and a model relating the dependant variable and the measurement parameters was built. This model was used in order to obtain the optimal value of each one of the measurement parameters that minimized the mean square error of the fit
obtained from the experimental data with respect to the reference fit.The authors are very grateful to the Generalitat Valenciana for its economic support in form of Vali+d grant (Ref: ACIF-2013-268).Giner Sanz, JJ.; Ortega Navarro, EM.; Pérez-Herranz, V. (2015). Optimization of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement parameters for PEM fuel cell spectrum determination. Electrochimica Acta. 174:1290-1298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.06.106S1290129817
Mutations in MAP3K7 that Alter the Activity of the TAK1 Signaling Complex Cause Frontometaphyseal Dysplasia.
Frontometaphyseal dysplasia (FMD) is a progressive sclerosing skeletal dysplasia affecting the long bones and skull. The cause of FMD in some individuals is gain-of-function mutations in FLNA, although how these mutations result in a hyperostotic phenotype remains unknown. Approximately one half of individuals with FMD have no identified mutation in FLNA and are phenotypically very similar to individuals with FLNA mutations, except for an increased tendency to form keloid scars. Using whole-exome sequencing and targeted Sanger sequencing in 19 FMD-affected individuals with no identifiable FLNA mutation, we identified mutations in two genes-MAP3K7, encoding transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-activated kinase (TAK1), and TAB2, encoding TAK1-associated binding protein 2 (TAB2). Four mutations were found in MAP3K7, including one highly recurrent (n = 15) de novo mutation (c.1454C>T [ p.Pro485Leu]) proximal to the coiled-coil domain of TAK1 and three missense mutations affecting the kinase domain (c.208G>C [p.Glu70Gln], c.299T>A [p.Val100Glu], and c.502G>C [p.Gly168Arg]). Notably, the subjects with the latter three mutations had a milder FMD phenotype. An additional de novo mutation was found in TAB2 (c.1705G>A, p.Glu569Lys). The recurrent mutation does not destabilize TAK1, or impair its ability to homodimerize or bind TAB2, but it does increase TAK1 autophosphorylation and alter the activity of more than one signaling pathway regulated by the TAK1 kinase complex. These findings show that dysregulation of the TAK1 complex produces a close phenocopy of FMD caused by FLNA mutations. Furthermore, they suggest that the pathogenesis of some of the filaminopathies caused by FLNA mutations might be mediated by misregulation of signaling coordinated through the TAK1 signaling complex
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