Problems of Double Charm Production in e+e−e^+e^- Annihilation at s=10.6\sqrt{s}=10.6 GeV

Using the nonrelativistic QCD(NRQCD) factorization formalism, we calculate the color-singlet cross sections for exclusive production processes ${e^++e^-\to J/\psi+\eta_c}$~ and ~$e^++e^-\to J/\psi + \chi_{cJ}$~$(J=0,1,2)$ at the center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$=10.6 GeV. The cross sections are estimated to be 5.5fb, 6.7fb, 1.1fb, and 1.6fb for $\eta_c, \chi_{c0}, \chi_{c1}$ and $\chi_{c2}$, respectively. The calculated $J/\psi+\eta_c$ production rate is smaller than the recent Belle data by about an order of magnitude, which might indicate the failure of perturbative QCD calculation to explain the double-charmonium production data. The complete $\cal{O}$$(\alpha^2_{s})$ color-singlet cross section for ${e^++e^-\to \chi_{c0}+ c\bar {c}}$ is calculated. In addition, we also evaluate the ratio of exclusive to inclusive production cross sections. The ratio of $J/\psi\eta_c$ production to $J/\psi c\bar{c}$ production could be consistent with the experimental data.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures. A few references added, errors and typoes correcte

Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse Improves 1.5 h Run Performance: Is There a Dose-Effect?

There is a substantial body of recent evidence showing ergogenic effects of carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinsing on endurance performance. However, there is a lack of research on the dose-effect and the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two different concentrations (6% and 12% weight/volume, w/v) on 90 minute treadmill running performance. Seven active males took part in one familiarization trial and three experimental trials (90-minute self-paced performance trials). Solutions (placebo, 6% or 12% CHO-electrolyte solution, CHO-E) were rinsed in the mouth at the beginning, and at 15, 30 and 45 minutes during the run. The total distance covered was greater during the CHO-E trials (6%, 14.6 ± 1.7 km; 12%, 14.9 ± 1.6 km) compared to the placebo trial (13.9 ± 1.7 km, P 0.05). There were no between trial differences (P > 0.05) in ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and feeling or arousal ratings suggesting that the same subjective ratings were associated with higher speeds in the CHO-E trials. Enhanced performance in the CHO-E trials was due to higher speeds in the last 30 minutes even though rinses were not provided during the final 45 minutes, suggesting the effects persist for at least 20-45 minutes after rinsing. In conclusion, mouth rinsing with a CHO-E solution enhanced endurance running performance but there does not appear to be a dose-response effect with the higher concentration (12%) compared to a standard 6% solution

Some results for uniformly L -Lipschitzian mappings in Banach spaces

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to prove a strong convergence theorem for a pair of uniformly L-Lipschitzian mappings in Banach spaces. The results presented in the work improve and extend some recent results of Chang [S.S. Chang, Some results for asymptotically pseudo-contractive mappings and asymptotically nonexpansive mappings, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 129 (2001) 845–853], Cho et al [Y.J. Cho, J.I. Kang, H.Y. Zhou, Approximating common fixed points of asymptotically nonexpansive mappings, Bull. Korean Math. Soc. 42 (2005) 661–670], Ofoedu [E.U. Ofoedu, Strong convergence theorem for uniformly L-Lipschitzian asymptotically pseudocontractive mapping in a real Banach space, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 321 (2006) 722–728], Schu [J. Schu, Iterative construction of fixed point of asymptotically nonexpansive mappings, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 158 (1991) 407–413] and Zeng [L.C. Zeng, On the iterative approximation for asymptotically pseudo-contractive mappings in uniformly smooth Banach spaces, Chinese Math. Ann. 26 (2005) 283–290 (in Chinese); L.C. Zeng, On the approximation of fixed points for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, Acta Math. Sci. 23 (2003) 31–37 (in Chinese)]

Some results for uniformly L -Lipschitzian mappings in Banach spaces

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to prove a strong convergence theorem for a pair of uniformly L-Lipschitzian mappings in Banach spaces. The results presented in the work improve and extend some recent results of Chang [S.S. Chang, Some results for asymptotically pseudo-contractive mappings and asymptotically nonexpansive mappings, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 129 (2001) 845–853], Cho et al [Y.J. Cho, J.I. Kang, H.Y. Zhou, Approximating common fixed points of asymptotically nonexpansive mappings, Bull. Korean Math. Soc. 42 (2005) 661–670], Ofoedu [E.U. Ofoedu, Strong convergence theorem for uniformly L-Lipschitzian asymptotically pseudocontractive mapping in a real Banach space, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 321 (2006) 722–728], Schu [J. Schu, Iterative construction of fixed point of asymptotically nonexpansive mappings, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 158 (1991) 407–413] and Zeng [L.C. Zeng, On the iterative approximation for asymptotically pseudo-contractive mappings in uniformly smooth Banach spaces, Chinese Math. Ann. 26 (2005) 283–290 (in Chinese); L.C. Zeng, On the approximation of fixed points for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, Acta Math. Sci. 23 (2003) 31–37 (in Chinese)]

Varied productivity according to the differences between targeted locations of antibody expression vectors in Chinese Hamster ovary cells

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to produce therapeutic antibodies. However, trial and error cell selection methods are still used to construct high-producing cell lines. Exogenous genes are predicted to express differently depending on the expression vector integration sites. Chromosomal instability is one of the characteristics in CHO cells. We have previously constructed the CHO genomic bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library that is expected to cover entire the CHO-DG44 genome (Omasa et al., Biotechnol. Bioeng., 104, 986-994, 2009). The BAC-based physical map is a powerful tool to identify each chromosome and analyze chromosome rearrangement of CHO cell lines. According to the previous results, stability of each chromosome in a CHO cell differs. In this study, we constructed antibody producing cell lines using gene-targeting methods, and investigated the effect of targeting sites differences on the protein production. IgG1 expression vectors and CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated proteins) vectors, which cut target sites, were co-transfected into CHO-DG44 cell line. The stably conserved chromosome and the other chromosome were selected as targeting sites. The targeting sequences were obtained from the CHO genomic BAC library: Cg0160L03 (Cao et al., Biotechnol. Bioeng., 109, 1357-1367, 2012) for the conserved chromosome; Cg0031N14, identified to contain exogenous gene amplified region with a large palindrome structure (Park et al., J. Biosci. Bioeng., 109, 504-511, 2010), for the other chromosome. The result showed that the specific antibody production rates were about 15 times higher in cell lines where the expression vectors were targeted into the conserved chromosomes than in the cell lines where expression vectors were targeted into the other chromosome. Our results indicated that the productivity varied according to the differences between targeted chromosomes

d-Wave Pairing Correlation in the Two-Dimensional t-J Model

The pair-pair correlation function of the two-dimensional t-J model is studied by using the power-Lanczos method and an assumption of monotonic behavior. In comparison with the results of the ideal Fermi gas, we conclude that the 2D t-J model does not have long range d-wave superconducting correlation in the interesting parameter range of $J/t \leq 0.5$. Implications of this result will also be discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, accepted by PR

The effect of swilling carbohydrate, menthol or a combination on 40km cycling time trial in the heat.

Introduction: Both carbohydrate and menthol mouth swills have shown ergogenic effects under a variety of settings. The aim of the current study was to compare the effect of the aforementioned mouth swill solutions on 40 km time trial (TT) performance in the heat (32°C, 40% humidity, 300kw radiant load) and investigate associated subjective measures (thermal comfort, thermal sensation, thirst, and RPE) every 5km. Methods: Six (6) recreationally trained male cyclists (31.8 ± 5.9 years, 178.2 ± 6.0 cm, 75.7 ± 10.0 kg) completed 3 trials, swilling either menthol (MEN), carbohydrate (CHO), or a combination (BOTH) at 10km intervals (5, 15, 25, 35km). Results: There was no statistically significant difference in 40km TT performance between mouth swills (P = 1.00), with MEN producing slightly quicker times on average (MEN 65:43 ± 4:48, CHO 66:09 ± 4:13, BOTH 65:57 ± 3:58 min:sec). Subjective measures were not significantly different, however MEN showed small (0.2-0.6) and moderate (0.6-1.2) effect size increases on thermal comfort compared to CHO and BOTH 5km post swill. Discussion: The ability to activate receptors in the oral cavity may be responsible for improved athletic performance due to potential central activation. The ability to perceptually cool and or fuel an athlete while exercising, especially in the heat, may allow for improved levels of thermal comfort and subsequently enhanced performance Take Home Message: Results, however, indicate that while MEN showed a beneficial effect on making participants feel more comfortable while exercising in the heat compared to CHO or BOTH, 40km TT was not significantly difference between solutions

Tailoring antibody glycosylation via integrating genome and protein engineering to generate preferred glycoforms on the Fc region

One critical quality attribute of therapeutic antibodies is the glycosylation pattern at the Fc region.We combined genome editing of CHO cells and protein engineering of the IgG Fc region to allow antibodies presenting high level of galactosylation or exclusively α-2,6 sialylation. To generate IgG with high α-2,6 sialylation, we combined amino acid mutations in the Fc region of IgG and introduction of α-2,6 sialyltransferase in CHO to produce IgGs with significant levels of both α-2,6 and α-2,3 sialylation. Furthermore, to produce exclusively α-2,6 sialylation IgG in CHO, CRISPR/Cas9 was implemented to disrupt two dominant α-2,3 sialyltransferase genes (ST3GAL4 and ST3GAL6), then α-2,6 sialyltransferewas introduced in a α-2,3 sialylation knockout cell line. Notably, no α-2,3 linked sialic acids of IgG produced from the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression pools were detected by HPLC sialic acid quantification after the α-2,3 linkage specific sialidase cleavage. Finally, glycosylation analysis of IgG with four amino acid mutations generated by an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression stable CHO clone rendered \u3e75% of sialylated glycans, among which 62.5 % was biantennary disialylated glycans. Interestingly, the disruption of two α-2,3 sialyltransferases (ST3GAL4 and ST3GAL6) from CHO cells in conjunction with protein engineering of the Fc region produced IgGs with a great majority of bigalactosylated and fucosylated (G2F) glycoforms. Expression of the IgG with engineered Fc region (F241A) in triple gene knockout (FuT8-/-, ST3GAL4-/- and ST3GAL6-/-) CHO cells lowered the galactosylation content to 65% bigalactosylated glycoform (G2). However, overexpression of IgGs with four amino acid substitutions from the α-2,3 sialyltransferases knocked out CHO cells reconstituted the fraction of G2 glycoform back up to approximately 80%. Collectively, this study, to our knowledge, is the first attempt for generating highly galactosylated or solely α-2,6 sialylated N-glycans on antibodies in vivo, allowing researchers in both academia and industry to evaluate the significance of tailoring glycosylation on IgGs in biomedicine and biotechnology applications. References: Chung CY, Wang Q, Yang S, Ponce SA, Kirsch BJ, Zhang H, Betenbaugh MJ. Combinatorial genome and protein engineering yields monoclonal antibodies with hypergalactosylation from CHO cells. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2017 Jul 7 Chung CY, Wang Q, Yang S, Yin B, Zhang H, Betenbaugh M. Integrated Genome and Protein Editing Swaps α-2,6 Sialylation for α-2,3 Sialic Acid on Recombinant Antibodies from CHO. Biotechnol J. 2017 Feb;12(2

Two-Photon Fluorescence As Tool For Imaging In Cells

Fluorescent probes are essential tools for studying biological systems. The last decade has witnessed particular interest in the development of two-photon excitable probes, due to their advantageous features in tissue imaging compared to one-photon probes [1]. Recently, we have designed and synthesized an aminonaphthalimide–BODIPY derivative as energy transfer cassette which was found to show very fast and efficient BODIPY fluorescence sensitization [2]. This was observed upon one- and two-photon excitation, which extends the application range of the investigated bichromophoric dyads in terms of accessible excitation wavelengths. In order to increase the two-photon absorption of the system the aminonaphthalimide fluorophore was replaced with a Prodan analogue, which presents a variety of applications as probes and labels in biology [3]. The two-photon absorption cross-section of the dyads is significantly incremented by the presence of the 6-acetyl-2-naphthylamine donor group. We also explore in this communication the use of new fluorophores based on four-coordinate organoboron N,C-chelates containing an arylisoquinoline skeleton in confocal fluorescence microscopy that show significant two-photon absorption cross sections and allow the use of excitation wavelengths in the near-infrared region [4].References [1] H. M. Kim, B. R. Cho, Chem. Rev. 2015, 5014–5055. [2] D. Collado, P. Remón, Y. Vida, F. Nájera, P. Sen, U. Pischel, E. Perez-Inestrosa, Chem. Asian J. 2014, 9, 797–804. [3] O. A. Kucherak, P. Didier, Y. Mely, A. S. Klymchenko, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2010, 1, 616–620. [4] V. F. Pais, M. M. Alcaide, R. López-Rodriguez, D. Collado, F. Nájera, E. Perez-Inestrosa, E. Álvarez, J. M. Lassaletta, R. Fernández, A. Ros, U. Pischel, Chem. Eur. J. 2015, 21, 15369–15376.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech