Wprowadzenie

Prof. zw. dr hab. Joanna Sieńczyło-Chlabicz Kierownik Katedry Prawa Własności Intelektualnej Wydziału Prawa Uniwersytetu w BiałymstokuUniwersytet w Białymstoku9-1

Lidia K. Jaskuła, Prawo do dobrego imienia a wolność prasy, Wyd. C.H. Beck, Warszawa 2008, 269 s.

Uniwersytet w Białymstok

Perceptions of an older patient on the role of the family doctor in health promotion : a qualitative case study

Introduction: Health promotion and disease prevention are important aspects of primary health care. However, limited data are available concerning the opinions of older patients towards the respective services offered by family doctors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate an older patient's perception of the role of the family doctor in promoting his health, and identify those components that are difficult to examine in quantitative research. Methods: A qualitative case study of an 80-year-old man using an in-depth interview was carried out. The interview transcript was analyzed thematically. Our patient was an 80-year-old university-educated man, with stable social and financial circumstances, living with his wife. He had retired early on grounds of ill health (tuberculosis) and had received a disability pension prior to formal retirement. At the time of the interview, his medical problems included mild prostatic hypertrophy, scoliosis and hypertension. He considered his health status to be satisfactory. He had changed family doctor five years prior to the interview, as he had been dissatisfied with the care provided. Results: We found that our patient expected the family doctor to be aware of, and to discuss, the following issues: physical activity, diet, management of stress and mental health, use of alcohol and tobacco, personal hygiene, health screening, use of medication, and social activity. At the same time, our patient perceived the doctor's role as supplementary to his own in terms of the appraisal and maintenance of his health. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence of what is important in the promotion of health among older people

The attractiveness of family medicine among Polish medical students

Background: In many developed countries tuning supply and demand of medical doctors is a continuous challenge to meet the ever changing needs of community and individual patients. The long study period for medical doctors creates the opportunity to observe the current career preferences of medical students and evolution in time. Objectives : To investigate the career choices of Polish students in different stages of their medical education. Methods : Medical students at five Polish medical universities were questioned about their career aspirations in the first, third and sixth year. Results : A total of 2020 students were recruited for the survey. Among first year students 17% preferred family medicine as final career option, compared to 20% in the third year, and 30% in the sixth year (significant trend, P < 0.0001). In particular, female students prefer family medicine: 71% women versus 62% women in the group with a preference for a non-family medicine orientation (P = 0.008). Medical students rejecting a career as a family doctor stated that the impossibility to work in a hospital environment was the determining factor. Conclusion: The opportunity for professional development seems to be an important determining factor in the choice of a medical specialty in Poland. The proportion of Polish students choosing family medicine increases during their progress in medical education, with one third of students interested in a career in family medicine by year six

Incidental chest radiographic findings in adult patients with acute cough

PURPOSE Imaging may produce unexpected or incidental findings with consequences for patients and ordering of future investigations. Chest radiography in patients with acute cough is among the most common reasons for imaging in primary care, but data on associated incidental findings are lacking. We set out to describe the type and prevalence of incidental chest radiography findings in primary care patients with acute cough. METHODS We report on data from a cross-sectional study in 16 European primary care networks on 3,105 patients with acute cough, all of whom were undergoing chest radiography as part of a research study workup. Apart from assessment for specified signs of pneumonia and acute bronchitis, local radiologists were asked to evaluate any additional finding on the radiographs. For the 2,823 participants with good-quality chest radiographs, these findings were categorized according to clinical relevance based on previous research evidence and analyzed for type and prevalence by network, sex, age, and smoking status. RESULTS Incidental findings were reported in 19% of all participants, and ranged from 0% to 25% by primary care network, with the network being an independent contributor (P < .001). Of all participants 3% had clinically relevant incidental findings. Suspected nodules and shadows were reported in 1.8%. Incidental findings were more common is older participants and smokers (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Clinically relevant incidental findings on chest radiographs in primary care adult patients with acute cough are uncommon, and prevalence varies by setting

The breadth of primary care: a systematic literature review of its core dimensions

Background: Even though there is general agreement that primary care is the linchpin of effective health care delivery, to date no efforts have been made to systematically review the scientific evidence supporting this supposition. The aim of this study was to examine the breadth of primary care by identifying its core dimensions and to assess the evidence for their interrelations and their relevance to outcomes at (primary) health system level. Methods: A systematic review of the primary care literature was carried out, restricted to English language journals reporting original research or systematic reviews. Studies published between 2003 and July 2008 were searched in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, King's Fund Database, IDEAS Database, and EconLit. Results: Eighty-five studies were identified. This review was able to provide insight in the complexity of primary care as a multidimensional system, by identifying ten core dimensions that constitute a primary care system. The structure of a primary care system consists of three dimensions: 1. governance; 2. economic conditions; and 3. workforce development. The primary care process is determined by four dimensions: 4. access; 5. continuity of care; 6. coordination of care; and 7. comprehensiveness of care. The outcome of a primary care system includes three dimensions: 8. quality of care; 9. efficiency care; and 10. equity in health. There is a considerable evidence base showing that primary care contributes through its dimensions to overall health system performance and health. Conclusions: A primary care system can be defined and approached as a multidimensional system contributing to overall health system performance and health

Antybiotyki dla osób podróżujących

W niniejszym artykule omówiono najczęstsze zakażenia bakteryjne u osób podróżujących, a także możliwości stosowania antybiotyków w profilaktyce oraz leczeniu tych zakażeń. Do najczęściej spotykanych należą zakażenia przewodu pokarmowego. W leczeniu empirycznym biegunki podróżnych zaleca się przede wszystkich fluorochinolony, azytromycynę oraz rifaksyminę. W sytuacji, gdy potrzebny jest antybiotyk skuteczny w większości zakażeń przewodu pokarmowego, skóry oraz układu oddechowego, można zastosować azytromycynę lub nowe fluorochinolony

Rola i zadania Urzędu Patentowego RP w postępowaniu spornym w przedmiocie unieważnienia prawa ochronnego na znak towarowy

Zdigitalizowano i udostępniono w ramach projektu pn. Rozbudowa otwartych zasobów naukowych Repozytorium Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku – kontynuacja, dofinansowanego z programu „Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki” Ministra Edukacji i Nauki na podstawie umowy BIBL/SP/0040/2023/01.Uniwersytet w Białymstoku33935

Wtórna zdolność odróżniająca jako przesłanka warunkująca udzielenie lub odmowę unieważnienia prawa ochronnego na znak towarowy

This article examines the concept of acquisition of distinctive character in the Polish proceedings for the registration of a trademark, and also in proceedings for the declaration of the invalidity of such a right. The acquisition of secondary distinctiveness is a prerequisite for the grant or refusal to declare the invalidity of a trademark protection right. The article presents the understanding of the requirement concerning the use of a mark as a trademark as the basic condition for the acquisition of secondary distinctiveness, and the liberal approach to this issue practised by the European courts. Te article discusses evidence of the acquisition of secondary distinctiveness, and the review conducted by Polish administrative courts of the Polish Patent Office’s decisions on such matters. The article analyzes these issues with respect to Polish and European industrial property law on trademarks, and also considers the case law of the European and Polish administrative courts (the Warsaw Voivodeship Administrative Court and the Polish Supreme Administrative Court).Artykuł stanowi analizę koncepcji nabycia wtórnej zdolności odróżniającej w postępowaniu o udzielenie oraz w postępowaniu o unieważnienie prawa ochronnego na znak towarowy. Nabycie wtórnej zdolności odróżniającej stanowi przesłankę warunkującą udzielenie, jak i odmowę unieważnienia prawa ochronnego na znak towarowy. Przedstawiono rozumienie wymogu używania oznaczenia w funkcji znaku towarowego jako podstawowej przesłanki nabycia wtórnej zdolności odróżniającej oraz liberalne podejście do tej kwestii sądów europejskich. Wiele uwagi poświęcono kwestiom dotyczącym dowodów na wykazanie nabycia przez oznaczenie wtórnej zdolności odróżniającej oraz kontroli sądowoadministracyjnej rozstrzygnięć Urzędu Patentowego w tym zakresie. W artykule poddano analizie powyższe zagadnienia zarówno na gruncie polskiego, jak i europejskiego prawa własności przemysłowej w odniesieniu do znaków towarowych, jak również wzięto pod uwagę dorobek orzecznictwa sądów europejskich oraz polskich sądów administracyjnych, tj. Wojewódzkiego Sądu Administracyjnego w Warszawie oraz Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego