在日華商的社會組織及其商貿網絡 : 1860～1950年代的長崎福建會館

本文是運用有関帳簿、議事記録及商業書柬等数量龐大的内部資料群，対至今尚為研究處女地的同會館之歴史進行復元的基礎作業。同會館為一地縁性的商人團体。其建立於1860年代，經歴了甲午戰争、日俄戰争至第一次世界大戰期的輝煌時期，至1920～30年代，在日趨緊張的中日國家関繋及世界性經濟危機的影響下走向衰微，並由於日本的戰時統制政策之實施而在形式上被消滅。二戰後其正式恢复活動並延續到1950年代。同會館的活動所顕示的歴史意義如下。一，長崎福建會館是唐館組織的継承体。同會館的歴史，是從前近代起就持續不断地進行着的華人商業移動的延伸。雖然，明治時期以来的中日政治、外交関繋已轉換為北京～東京之北向頻道，然而，福建幇在日的遷移，作為一種非政府組織的中日関係模式，通過区域間的網絡聯繋而顕示出南向頻道的歴史活力。二，以長崎為起點的在日福建華商的區域性展開，是聯繋東亜、東南亜廣域市場的華人口岸間商貿網絡之一環。會館組織是維繋和強化這一網絡功能的重要擴張鍵。各地會館相互保持密接聯繋並且為遠程貿易提供商品信息、金融匯兌及個人信用的社會保障體繋。三，從這種持續性的移動與交流中，孕育出逐漸定着於所在地有序化的華人社會。各種業縁，地縁及宗教性的華人社會基礎組織普遍産生，伴随着文化傳承與嬗変，宗教、祭祀、演劇、教育、風俗習慣等豊富多彩的社区生活空間不断地被開辟與拓展。四，維持並擴大外向的網絡聯繋，與強調，増進区域社會内向的凝聚、整合與認同，是華人社区發展之同一主題的両個側面。福建會館之事例，從一個角度反映出“内核分化”與“外延拓展”之当代華人社會動向的歴史性依據

近代日本における哲学的批評論の展開 : 大西祝から戸坂潤へ

“Hihyō”, a translation of the western term“ criticism” in modern Japan, is considered mainly as literary criticism from a viewpoint of literary history so far, while little attention is paid to another grasp differing from a literary one. However, it could not be overlooked since “hihyō” also meant Kant’s critical philosophy in the Meiji era. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to illustrate an alternative genealogy of “hihyō” from 1880s to 1930s by focusing on discourses of Ōnishi Hajime (1864-1900) and Tosaka Jun (1900-1945), both of whom made fundamental inquiries into “hihyō” from a philosophical standpoint. At first, this paper considers Ōnishi’s argument about “hihyō” in a context of the formation of “hihyō” and the development of journalism during the Meiji period. It is found that Ōnishi’s notion of “hihyō” implies an understanding of Kantian critique. Next, through giving a brief outline of cultural critics in the late Meiji period and the Taishō period such as Takayama Chogyū( 1871-1902), Kuwaki Genyoku( 1874-1946), Kaneko Chikusui (1870-1937), Tanaka Oudou (1868-1932), Tsuchida Kyoson (1891-1934) and Hasegawa Nyozekan (1875-1969), some of whom were pupils or juniors of Ōnishi, the way in which criticism unfolded after Ōnishi will become clear. Finally, an analysis of Tosaka’s works concerned with “hihyō” will be made with relevance to the cultural criticism (Bunmei hihyō) and culturalism (Bunka shugi) involving intellectuals mentioned above. Opposing the literary criticism that took “hihyō” merely as a literary idea, Tosaka grasped this concept in a Kantian sense and reviewed it from a perspective of epistemology. His “hihyō” that indicated a concern about social reality and the idea of philosophical criticism in pre-war Japan was an attempt to ensure a critical position connecting to the universal. Consequently, the discussion of this paper will lead to a dislocation of both the history of literature as well as the history of philosophy in modern Japan

Autonomous Multi-Stage Flexible OPF for Active Distribution Systems with DERs

The variability of renewable resources creates challenges in the operation and control of power systems. One way to cope with this issue is to use the flexibility of customer resources in addition to utility resources to mitigate this variability. We present an approach that autonomously optimizes the available distributed energy resources (DERs) of the system to optimally balance generation and load and/or levelize the voltage profile. The method uses a dynamic state estimator which is continuously running on the system providing the real-time dynamic model of the system and operating condition. At user selected time intervals, the real-time model and operating condition is used to autonomously assemble a multi-stage optimal power flow in which customer energy resources are represented with their controls, allowing the use of customer flexibility to be part of the solution. Customer DERs may include photovoltaic rooftops with controllable inverters, batteries, thermostatically controlled loads, smart appliances, etc. The paper describes the autonomous formation of the Multi-Stage Flexible Optimal Power Flow and the solution of the problem, and presents sample results

地方主導與傳統創造

本文將圍繞以下幾個問題展開。1．全球化與地方化的相關係數，特別注重以全球化為背景的地方性增大及地方主導（Local Initiative）的問題，並將以長崎市為個案討論地方主導的歷史和現實條件。2．以長崎中華街為中心，討論華僑社會與地域社會的表層和深層的相互關係，對話渠道與連接方式。表層指地域行政、施策、組織運作、城市發展戰略等制度性的因數。深層包括地域社會組織、人際關係、網絡、行為、文化意織。3．透過長崎市燈節考察地域社會的文化形態和地方意識的形成、變遷和傳統創造（The Invention of Tradition）的過程，具體地描繪出帶有特定的少數族群色彩的文化，如何被積極地接受為地方公認的文化，並且構成接通文化、資本、市場、網絡回路的共同歷史資源。與此同時，考察少數族群在與地域網絡的互動關係中，如何獲得新族群性（New Ethnicity）

Red wine and components flavonoids inhibit UGT2B17 in vitro

Background The metabolism and excretion of the anabolic steroid testosterone occurs by glucuronidation to the conjugate testosterone glucuronide which is then excreted in urine. Alterations in UGT glucuronidation enzyme activity could alter the rate of testosterone excretion and thus its bioavailability. The aim of this study is to investigate if red wine, a common dietary substance, has an inhibitory effect on UGT2B17. Methods Testosterone glucuronidation was assayed using human UGT2B17 supersomes with quantification of unglucuronidated testosterone over time using HPLC with DAD detection. The selected red wine was analysed using HPLC and the inhibitory effects of the wine and phenolic components were tested independently in a screening assay. Further analyses were conducted for the strongest inhibitors at physiologically relevant concentrations. Control experiments were conducted to determine the effects of the ethanol on UGT2B17. Results Over the concentration range of 2 to 8% the red wine sample inhibited the glucuronidation of testosterone by up to 70% over 2 hours. The ethanol content had no significant effect. Three red wine phenolics, identified by HLPC analyses, also inhibited the enzyme by varying amounts in the order of quercetin (72%), caffeic acid (22%) and gallic acid (9%); using a ratio of phenolic:testosterone of 1:2.5. In contrast p-coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid had no effect on the UGT2B17. The most active phenolic was selected for a detailed study at physiologically relevant concentrations, and quercetin maintained inhibitory activity of 20% at 2 M despite a ten-fold excess of testosterone. Conclusion This study reports that in an in vitro supersome-based assay, the key steroid-metabolising enzyme UGT2B17 is inhibited by a number of phenolic dietary substances and therefore may reduce the rate of testosterone glucuronidation in vivo. These results highlight the potential interactions of a number of common dietary compounds on testosterone metabolism. Considering the variety of foodstuffs that contain flavonoids, it is feasible that diet can elevate levels of circulating testosterone through reduction in urinary excretion. These results warrant further investigation and extension to a human trial to delineate the healt

Timing of uplift and evolution of the Lüliang Mountains, North China Craton

This study analyses evidence for reformed basin development and basin-mountain coupling associated with development of the Ordos Basin and the Lüliang Mountains, China. Gaining an improved understanding of the timing and nature of uplift and evolution of the Lüliang Mountains is important for the reconstruction of the eastern sedimentary boundary of the Ordos Basin (a major petroliferous basin) as well as for providing insight into the evolution and breakup of the North China Craton (NCC). Based on systematic sampling for fission track analysis, it is suggested that the main phase of uplift of the Lüliang Mountains occurred since later part of the Early Cretaceous. Three evolutionary stages of uplift and development are identified: slow initial uplift (120–65 Ma), accelerated uplift (65–23 Ma), and intensive uplift (23 Ma to present), with the majority of the uplift activity having occurred during the Cenozoic. The history of uplift is non-equilibrium and exhibits complexity in temporal and spatial aspects. The middle and northern parts of the Lüliang Mountains were uplifted earlier than the southern part. The most intensive episode of uplift activity commenced in the Miocene and was associated with a genetic coupling relationship with the eastern neighboring Cenozoic Shanxi Grabens. The uplifting and evolutionary processes of the Lüliang Mountains area since later part of the Early Cretaceous share a unified regional geodynamic setting, which was accompanied by uplift of the Mesozoic Ordos Basin and development of the neighboring Cenozoic Shanxi Grabens. Collectively, this regional orogenic activity is related principally to the far-field effects of both the compression sourced from the southwestern Tibet Plateau and westward subduction of the Pacific Plate in Cenozoic

Autonomous multi-stage flexible optimal power flow

In modern power systems, an increasing number of renewable resources and controllable devices are implemented every year. The conventional OPF that mainly models the generators, lines and loads, as well as some other devices considered due to specific reasons, is not suited for the modern networks. To deal with these new challenges, this PhD thesis develops a systematic way to formulate and solve the OPF problem autonomously. Two specific problems facing modern power systems are introduced, the multi-stage quadratic flexible OPF (MQFOPF) and the security constrained quadratic OPF (SCQOPF). The MQFOPF optimizes the operation of the system over multiple stages into the future, while the SCQOPF optimizes the operation of the system considering a number of contingencies to drastically improve operational security. To accommodate a huge number of devices, both old and new, in power systems, a physically based object-oriented modeling approach is utilized. A unified general expression is introduced for the device models, based on which the network model is constructed. Together with the objective function, an OPF problem is formed and a tailored sequential linear programming algorithm is used to compute the optimal solution. During the solution process, the constraints are included gradually and the efficient costate method is applied to linearizing the OPF model with respect to the control variables only. Due to object orientation, the whole formulation and solution process of the selected OPF problem is fully autonomous.Ph.D