О списках МВ 99 и НБКМ 1043, представителях особой разновидности пространной редакции Пролога

This article continues a series of research papers dedicated to the handwritten pieces of Church Slavonic heritage of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland. It examines two synaxaria of Ukrainian origin of the 17th–18th centuries — NBKM 1043 and MV 99. In terms of the composition of the articles and their calendar timelines, they represent a special type created on the basis of the expanded edition of the Synaxarion, which is characterized by special versions of the lives of saints, traditional readings expanded with didactic insertions, and new sermons. The most striking features testifying to the kinship of the manuscripts NBKM 1043 and MV 99 are hagiographical parts identically shortened during the first half of the ecclesiastical year, the calendar distribution of readings that was changed in a similar way, and specific versions of the lives of saints combining two texts in honor of one saint. A comparative analysis showed that these synaxaria are characterized by some innovations in structure due to subsequent independent editing of copies of this type of the expanded edition. A series of 13 readings are incorporated in the structure of NBKM 1043, taken from the 3rd (Lithuanian) edition of the Emerald, whereas the MB 99 or its predecessor was episodically verified with a copy similar by its contents to the synaxarion BN 12185 III.Данная статья продолжает цикл исследований, посвященных церковнославянскому рукописному наследию Великого княжества Литовского и Польского королевства. В ней рассмотрены два пролога украинского происхождения XVII–XVIII вв. — НБКМ 1043 и МВ 99. По составу статей и их календарной приуроченности они отражают особую разновидность, созданную на основе пространной редакции Пролога, для которой характерны особые версии житий, расширенные назидательными вставками традиционные поучения и новые назидательные статьи. Наиболее яркими чертами, свидетельствующими о родстве рукописей НБКМ 1043 и МВ 99, являются одинаково сокращенная на протяжении всего первого полугодия житийная часть, аналогично измененная календарная приуроченность статей и особые версии проложных житий, совмещающие два текста в честь одного святого. Проведенный сопоставительный анализ показал, что данным прологам присущи некоторые расхождения в составе, обусловленные последующим независимым редактированием списков данной разновидности пространной редакции. В структуру НБКМ 1043 был инкорпорирован корпус из 13 чтений, заимствованных из 3-й (литовской) редакции Измарагда, а МВ 99 или его предшественник был эпизодически сверен со списком, аналогичным по составу прологу BN 12185 III. Apie nuorašus MV 99 ir NBKM 1043, priklausančius ypatingai Sinaksaro išplėstinės redakcijos atmainaiStraipsnis tęsia tyrimus, skirtus Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės ir Lenkijos Karalystės rankraštiniam bažnytiniam slavų paveldui. Jame nagrinėjami du XVII–XVIII a. ukrainietiškos kilmės sinaksarai — NBKM 1043 ir MV 99. Pagal sudėtį ir kalendorinį straipsnių priklausymą šie nuorašai priklauso ypatingai atmainai, sukurtai remiantis išplėstine Sinaksaro redakcija, kuriai būdingos specifinės šventųjų gyvenimų versijos, pamokomaisiais intarpais išplėsti tradiciniai pamokymai ir nauji didaktiniai tekstai. Ryškiausi bruožai, liudijantys nuorašų NBKM 1043 ir MV 99 giminystę, yra vienodai sutrumpinta hagiografinė pirmojo pusmečio dalis, analogiškai pakeistas kalendorinis straipsnių pasiskirstymas ir ypatingos sinaksarinių gyvenimų versijos, kuriose sujungti du tekstai vieno šventojo garbei. Atlikta gretinamoji analizė parodė, kad šiems sinaksarams būdingi tam tikri sudėties skirtumai, kuriuos lėmė paskesnis nepriklausomas šios išplėstinės redakcijos atmainos nuorašų redagavimas. Į NBKM 1043 struktūrą buvo įtraukta 13 skaitinių, paimtų iš Smaragdo 3-osios (lietuvių) redakcijos, o MV 99 ar jo pirmtakas buvo epizodiškai sutikrintas su nuorašu, pagal sudėtį analogišku sinaksarui BN 12185 III.Reikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės ir Lenkijos Karalystės rankraštinis paveldas, bažnytinis slavų Sinaksaras, išplėstinė redakcija, Smaragda

Revisiting community policing in Ukraine: lessons for police reform

This thesis critically revisits a project in community policing transfer to Ukraine. It examines the genesis, context and impact of the project and 'through this lens explores how community policing can be problematic in a former Soviet society. The study is intended to contribute to debates on the issues of reforming post-Soviet policing and the potential role of criminological imports in this process. The thesis highlights the obstacles to, and challenges of developing community policing within the context of the continued dominance and expanding scope of informal shadowy practices in the governance of policing. It demonstrates the importance of a combination of historical, economic, social and political factors impacting upon the willingness of people in Ukraine to contact the police and engage in crime prevention, and explores why people in Ukraine do not see themselves part of a 'community'. Normative questions posed by the notion of 'public engagement' are also explored. It is argued that 'community policing' as a consensual coproduction of order and safety is unlikely in Ukraine. Community policing practice in this context has a potential to evolve as an authoritarian, moralistic, coercive and exclusive form of control. The thesis challenges the assumption that export of community policing is an unproblematic transfer of expertise and 'best practice', and highlights the problematic nature of the relations between funders, academic entrepreneurs, the local police, academics and the non-governmental sector. The thesis also demonstrates how a commitment to scientific rationalism and a narrow conceptualisation of 'evidence' in evaluation research has political implications

Bio-Art Between Bios and Zoe

In this article, bio-art is analyzed in the framework of critical posthumanism, a specific feature of which is anti-anthropocentrism. Posthumanist theories predetermine the relationship of a modern person with himself, the world around him, and nonhuman agents. In this regard, the scope of the concepts of bios and zoe is being reconsidered, as long as they specify the difference between human and non-human life. Posthumanism is based on the idea of a broader understanding of zoe as the common basis of all life forms, including bios. Bio-art is genetically linked to posthumanism. The latest discoveries in biology have mainstreamed posthumanism issues and inspired the emergence of this art form. But more often than not, bios and zoe act as opposites in bio-art, since bio-art uses life and its various forms as media. Technological innovations allow artists to create new forms of life or to manipulate existing ones. The interrelation of these two terms (bios and zoe) is employed as the key criterion to confirm or refute the assumption that bio-art is associated with the ideas of posthumanism by analyzing some widely known works of bio-art. Keywords: bio-art, posthumanism, transhumanism, bios, zo

Iteration as an Idiosyncrasy of Speech in English Drama of the 16th-17th Centuries

The article is dedicated to iteration as an idiosyncrasy of speech of the personages in English drama of the 16th-17th centuries. It reflects personality and expresses emotions. Iteration is used as a means of individualization of characters

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy for Spectroscopic Studies of Living Photosynthetic Cells

Self-fluorescence of light-harvesting complex is a powerful tool for investigation of living photosynthetic microorganisms. As the physiological state of single cells of such microorganisms is closely related to the operation and activity of photosynthetic system, any variations in spectroscopic properties of their self-fluorescence indicate the changes in their physiological state. In this chapter, we present several applications of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for investigation of living photosynthetic cells. A set of ordinary CLSM techniques will be applied for studying of cyanobacteria (or blue-green algae) such as 3D imaging, spectral imaging, microscopic spectroscopy, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Cyanobacteria were chosen as a model microorganism due to their great importance for different scientific and biotechnological applications. Cyanobacteria are the most ancient photosynthetic microorganisms on Earth. Nowadays, cyanobacteria are one of the most wide-spreaded organisms in nature, and the ecological aspect in their investigation is quite valuable. On the other hand, thousand strains belonging to different species are cultivated in biolaboratories all over the world for different biotechnological applications such as biofuel cells, food production, pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, etc. Thus, the noninvasive spectroscopic methods are quite important for monitoring of physiological state of cyanobacterial cultures and other photosynthetic microorganisms

Fluorescence Microscopic Spectroscopy for Investigation and Monitoring of Biological Diversity and Physiological State of Cyanobacterial Cultures

In this chapter, a novel technique for investigation of natural and laboratory cyanobacterial cultures is presented. The technique is based on a strict relation between the intrinsic single-cell fluorescence emission spectra of cyanobacteria and the physiological state of the whole culture. It will be shown else that the single-cell fluorescence spectra for different species are steady enough to conduct a taxonomic analysis of cyanobacterial cultures based on a common statistical data evaluation among the parameters extracted from a set of such spectra. Several examples are given to illustrate the power and simplicity of a new technique, which can become a promising tool for automation of production in the cyanobacterial biotechnology, as well as give a valuable contribution to the development of innovative approaches in environmental monitoring of harmful algal blooms

Insurance of the Termination Risk of Projects with Joint Companion Activity

Actuarial calculations are based on the study of mathematical models of financial schemes in insurance taking into account the stochastic nature of insurable events. They lie at the intersection of mathematical and economic disciplines. This paper is devoted to the formulation and investigation of the mathematical model of insurance of a joint project of partners from the risk of its early termination due to the retirement of one of the companions due to external circumstances. In case of an insured event, the partner remaining in the project receives insurance to continue the project. In order to assess the obligations of the insurance company, an economic-mathematical model of personal joint insurance of participants has been constructed to calculate the necessary characteristics of such an agreement. To describe the dynamically changing threats to terminate the insurance contract, the concepts of the intensity of retirement functions of insured persons are introduced, which are convenient in the study of insurance contracts with several participants. Possibilities of payment of insurance compensation to each partner are received and probability of that the insurance company should pay insurance compensation are received. Calculations are made using the example of specific functions of the intensity of retirement of partners. Practical recommendations are given related to the use of numerical methods or simulation methods in calculations based on the obtained universal formulas

Cultural and social memories as gear of ethnic identification: general and specific

The article deals with general and specific aspects of social and cultural memories in a process by identification of members of ethnic group. The author emphasize the importance two types of memory on the choice of human, who defines himself as member one of some ethnic groups.Статья рассказывает о различиях и общих характеристиках категорий социальной и культурной памяти, а также их взаимосвязи в процессе идентификации членов этнической группы. Автор акцентирует внимание на значимости данных видов памяти в процессе индивидуальной идентификации личности

Методичні засади навчання іноземних студентів письма у вищому навчальному закладі

The stipulation of interrelation of the objectives, stages and methodic organization of the system of writing learning in language classes during the whole period of foreign students’ studies at the university is considered in the article.У статті розглядається взаємозв’язок цілей, етапів і методичної організації системи навчання іноземних студентів письма на заняттях з мови у вищому навчальному закладі

Методична організація навчання аудіювання іноземних студентів на заняттях з мови у вищому навчальному закладі

The intercommunication of the aims conditionality is examined in the article. The stages and methodical organization of the exercises system to form and develop auding abilities at language classes during the period of foreign students studies in the higher educational establishment are examined.У статті розглядається обумовленість взаємозв’язку цілей, етапів і методичної організації системи вправ з формування навичок і розвитку умінь аудіювання на заняттях з мови впродовж усього періоду навчання іноземних студентів у вищому навчальному закладі