Legal Terminology and Lesser Used Languages: The Case of Mòcheno

Since 2003 the Institute for Specialised Communication and Multilingualism of the European Academy of Bolzano (EURAC) offers education courses in legal terminology work, coupled with introductions in related/complementary disciplines, e.g. documentation, specialised translation and technical writing. Next to professional trainings, the Institute held also ad-hoc courses, such as a two-day course organised in 2008 for the Mòcheni, a Germanic minority living in the Italian Province of Trento. Since the passing of provincial law no. 6/2008, which foresees specific measures for the protection and promotion of local language minorities, the Mòcheno-speaking community has the right to use their language in all situations of social, economic and administrative life in both oral and written communications. Notwithstanding the recent compilation of a standard grammar, the Mòcheno language is not yet developed for the use in technical and specialised contexts. Indeed, the most urgent needs seem to exist in the translation of administrative terminology

Effects of social evolution on terminology policy in South Tyrol

Abstract This paper illustrates the challenges of terminology policy in the legal domain in South Tyrol, Italy, i.e. within a minority community whose language (German) is an official language in other countries. In this context terminology planning becomes necessary mainly in relation to legal and administrative concepts, due to the system-bound nature of legal language. The method applied in South Tyrol is micro-comparison with other German-speaking legal systems. Based on South Tyrol's example, we show how changes in society have affected approaches, methods and tools for terminology planning and practical terminology work. South Tyrol's autonomy model is often considered a best practice for the resolution of ethnic conflict. Its long-lasting experience in terminology planning may equally serve as a model for minority language communities that have only recently been granted extensive language rights

Terminološki rad u pravnom području za lokalne manjine: primjer njemačkoga u Južnom Tirolu

The paper outlines the challenges of doing legal terminology work in Italian and German to support the development of a local-only minority language (South Tyrolean German) and to foster communication with other German-speaking countries. The target groups of terminology – legal experts, language mediators and the public – have different needs and expectations that were addressed in the Information System for Legal Terminology bistro by exploiting specific terminological data categories, by seeking a compromise when drafting definitions and by implementing technical functions.Ovaj rad ocrtava izazove rada na pravnoj terminologiji na talijanskom i njemačkom jeziku kako bi se podržao razvoj lokalnoga manjinskog jezika (južnotirolskoga njemačkog jezika) i istodobno potaknula komunikacija s drugim zemljama njemačkoga govornog područja. Ciljne terminološke skupine, odnosno pravni stručnjaci, jezični posrednici i javnost, imaju različite potrebe i očekivanja na koja se u Informacijskom sustavu za pravno nazivlje bistro odgovorilo upotrebom specifičnih terminoloških kategorija podataka, pronalaženjem kompromisa u pisanju definicija te primjenom tehničkih funkcija u bistro

High order direct Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian schemes on moving Voronoi meshes with topology changes

We present a new family of very high order accurate direct Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) Finite Volume (FV) and Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) schemes for the solution of nonlinear hyperbolic PDE systems on moving 2D Voronoi meshes that are regenerated at each time step and which explicitly allow topology changes in time. The Voronoi tessellations are obtained from a set of generator points that move with the local fluid velocity. We employ an AREPO-type approach, which rapidly rebuilds a new high quality mesh rearranging the element shapes and neighbors in order to guarantee a robust mesh evolution even for vortex flows and very long simulation times. The old and new Voronoi elements associated to the same generator are connected to construct closed space--time control volumes, whose bottom and top faces may be polygons with a different number of sides. We also incorporate degenerate space--time sliver elements, needed to fill the space--time holes that arise because of topology changes. The final ALE FV-DG scheme is obtained by a redesign of the fully discrete direct ALE schemes of Boscheri and Dumbser, extended here to moving Voronoi meshes and space--time sliver elements. Our new numerical scheme is based on the integration over arbitrary shaped closed space--time control volumes combined with a fully-discrete space--time conservation formulation of the governing PDE system. In this way the discrete solution is conservative and satisfies the GCL by construction. Numerical convergence studies as well as a large set of benchmarks for hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method. Our numerical results clearly show that the new combination of very high order schemes with regenerated meshes with topology changes lead to substantial improvements compared to direct ALE methods on conforming meshes

3D Printing: La polvere di ottone prende forma

RIASSUNTO: Il presente lavoro si colloca all’interno delle attività di studio del settore della prototipazione rapida (RP) e si prefigge lo scopo di realizzare semplici componenti metallici (in particolare in ottone), con la tecnica del three dimensional printing (3DP). Il lavoro si articola nelle seguenti parti principali: caratterizzazione dei materiali, polvere di ottone e liquido legante realizzazione di una postazione di lavoro e progettazione dell’interfaccia di controllo tuning dei parametri del processo di printing La prima parte ha per oggetto l’analisi della granulometria della polvere di ottone (per la prima volta impiegata in esperienze di 3DP), lo studio della bagnabilità con il liquido legante selezionato (silice colloidale in glicole etilenico) e la valutazione dell’interazione locale polvere-colla con esperienze preliminari alla stampa inkjet. Il secondo punto riguarda l’assemblaggio di una struttura con guide motorizzate per permettere la movimentazione della testina sul piano di lavoro, lo sviluppo di un circuito con microcontrollore per il pilotaggio (con onda quadra) dell’ugello selezionato, e di un programma che coordina gli spostamenti della testina con il controllo dell’accensione dell’ugello in modo da realizzare la geometria di ciascuna sezione del componente 3D. La parte finale coinvolge le numerose esperienze sperimentali sul perfezionamento del sistema e sull’ottimizzazione dei parametri in particolare prima con stampe con inchiostro su carta e metallo per studiare l’influenza del segnale elettrico sulle caratteristiche (forma, dimensioni, velocità) delle goccioline espulse dall’orifizio, successivamente con stampe con liquido legante sul letto di polvere in modo da caratterizzare la linea primitiva, la sezione, il modello 3D. SUMMARY: This work has been carried out within the framework of the rapid prototyping (RP) systems studies and has the aim to build simple metal components (particularly brass) with the technique of the three dimensional printing (3DP). The thesis is divided into the following main parts: characterization of the materials (brass powders and binder) realization of a workbench and developing of a control interface tuning of the printing parameters The first part is related to the particle-size analysis of brass powders (for the fist time employed in 3DP experiences), the study of the wet ability of the selected binder fluid (Colloidal silica in Ethylene glycol) and the evaluation of the interaction grain-binder with preliminary tests before printing with the inkjet-head. The second part regards the assembly of a structure with motorized guides in manner to consent the moving of the head on the workspace, the development of a circuit with microcontroller for the activation (with PWM signal) of the selected nozzle, and of the control program to coordinate the moving of the inkjet-head with the control of the firing of the nozzle in order to realize the desired geometry of each section of the 3D component. The final part deals with the several experimental experiences about the improvement of the system and the optimization of the parameters in particular before with ink printing on paper and metal to study the influence of the PWM signal on the characteristics (size, form, speed) of the droplets produced by the orifice, next with printing with binder on the powderbed in order to characterize the primitive line, the section, the 3D model

Multilingual Legal Terminology on the Jibiki Platform: The LexALP Project

International audienceThis paper presents the particular use of "Jibiki" (Papillon's web server develop- ment platform) for the LexALP1 project. LexALP's goal is to harmonise the ter- minology on spatial planning and sustain- able development used within the Alpine Convention2, so that the member states are able to cooperate and communicate efficiently in the four official languages (French, German, Italian and Slovene). To this purpose, LexALP uses the Jibiki plat- form to build a term bank for the con- trastive analysis of the specialised termi- nology used in six different national legal systems and four different languages. In this paper we present how a generic plat- form like Jibiki can cope with a new kind of dictionary

La reconstrucción de la identidad frente a situaciones traumáticas. El rol de la comunicación y la palabra : Un análisis sobre el libro <i>La Tregua de Primo Levi</i>

La identidad del individuo es entendida como el valor central en torno al cual cada sujeto organiza su relación con el mundo y con los demás en contextos sociales estables. Pero estas mismas personas pueden experimentar situaciones inesperadas que cambian de manera violenta ese mundo habitual. La identidad en presencia del dolor puede desestabilizarse y entrar en crisis. En este sentido, surge un interrogante: ¿cómo un individuo que vive una experiencia traumática, puede reconstruir su identidad? Para dar una respuesta, tomaré como objeto de estudio y análisis de caso, el relato de Primo Levi La Tregua, donde se detalla la repatriación que llevó al autor a recorrer países de Europa durante su regreso de Auschwitz hacia Italia. Esto, debido a que la literatura, en tanto se constituye como una herramienta posible para el análisis de temáticas históricas y actuales, se presenta como válida para comprender este fenómeno. Por todo esto, se tienen dos objetivos: comprender la reacción del individuo frente a una situación límite, a partir de las descripciones realizadas por Levi sobre las vivencias posteriores al exilio forzado; y dar una primera respuesta al interrogante que funciona como eje de este trabajo.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia