1,687 research outputs found
Why does the Engel method work? Food demand, economies of size and household survey methods
Estimates of household size economies are needed for the analysis of poverty and inequality. This paper shows that Engel estimates of size economies are large when household expenditures are obtained by respondent recall but small when expenditures are obtained by daily recording in diaries. Expenditure estimates from recall surveys appear to have measurement errors correlated with household size. As well as demonstrating the fragility of Engel estimates of size economies, these results help resolve a puzzle raised by Deaton and Paxson (1998) about differences between rich and poor countries in the effect of household size on food demand
Spin-polarized transport in a lateral two-dimensional diluted magnetic semiconductor electron gas
The transport property of a lateral two-dimensional diluted magnetic
semiconductor electron gas under a spatially periodic magnetic field is
investigated theoretically. We find that the electron Fermi velocity along the
modulation direction is highly spin-dependent even if the spin polarization of
the carrier population is negligibly small. It turns out that this
spin-polarized Fermi velocity alone can lead to a strong spin polarization of
the current, which is still robust against the energy broadening effect induced
by the impurity scattering.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Appl. Phys. Let
Interplay between s-d exchange interaction and Rashba effect: spin-polarized transport
We investigate the spin-polarized transport properties of a two-dimensional
electron gas in a n-type diluted magnetic narrow gap semiconductor quantum well
subjected to a perpendicular magnetic and electric field. Interesting beating
patterns in the magneto resistance are found which can be tuned significantly
by varying the electric field. A resonant enhancement of spin-polarized current
is found which is induced by the competition between the s-d exchange
interaction and the Rashba effect [Y. A. Bychkov and E. I. Rashba, J. Phys. C
17, 6039 (1984)].Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, Appl. Phys. Lett. (in press
Subjective evaluation of the environmental quality in China's industrial corridors.
Based on 270 questionnaire surveys in 8 cities of 5 industrial corridors in China, this study
aims to examine the effects of industry construction on the evaluation of environmental pollution, natural
environment, built environment, personal perception and development and policy. The results show that
the evaluations on environmental pollution and landscape design are both below the medium level, but
the evaluations of the living comfort and safety are both above the medium level. Further analysis,
females usually give lower evaluation scores than males, and age and health situations are negatively
related to the evaluation results; People indicate a great desire to reduce the environmental pollution and
protect the natural environment. Moreover, the landscape was analysed using colour extraction
techniques based on video recording, there are significant correlations between industrial pixel ratio and
evaluation results of air quality, vegetation pixel ratio and evaluation results of river water quality, and
public facilities pixel ratio and evaluation results of comfort levels
Performance Issues in U.S.–China Joint Ventures
Based on an in-depth study of U.S.-China joint ventures, this article offers some insights into the performance of such international business relationships. While the conventional literature treats government as an amorphous aspea of the political-legal environment, in this case government is an active participant and influence in the performance of international joint ventures (UVs). It has both a constraining and enabling effect on LJV structure, strategy, and performance. For example, limits can be placed on ownership shares of joint ventures and on prices of the output. At the same time, government can cooperate with LJVs and foreign parent companies by creating partners for foreign parent companies, acting as major customers, and improving financial performance by lowering taxes
Migration from China to the EU: the challenge within Europe
At the beginning of the 21st Century, we have witnessed a rapid growth in Chinese immigration to the European Union (EU), which has had a profound impact on local Chinese communities in various ways. This chapter aims to reveal the latest developments in Chinese immigration in the EU, as well as the new dynamics, features and impacts on local Chinese communities. The above questions are addressed by a combination of secondary data analysis and our own observation in Italy and the UK in recent years. Some challenging issues facing Chinese communities are highlighted
Illegal births and legal abortions – the case of China
BACKGROUND: China has a national policy regulating the number of children that a woman is allowed to have. The central concept at the individual level application is "illegal pregnancy". The purpose of this article is to describe and problematicize the concept of illegal pregnancy and its use in practice. METHODS: Original texts and previous published and unpublished reports and statistics were used. RESULTS: By 1979 the Chinese population policy was clearly a policy of controlling population growth. For a pregnancy to be legal, it has to be defined as such according to the family-level eligibility rules, and in some places it has to be within the local quota. Enforcement of the policy has been pursued via the State Family Planning (FP) Commission and the Communist Party (CP), both of which have a functioning vertical structure down to the lowest administrative units. There are various incentives and disincentives for families to follow the policy. An extensive system has been created to keep the contraceptive use and pregnancy status of all married women at reproductive age under constant surveillance. In the early 1990s FP and CP officials were made personally responsible for meeting population targets. Since 1979, abortion has been available on request, and the ratio of legal abortions to birth increased in the 1980s and declined in the 1990s. Similar to what happens in other Asian countries with low fertility rates and higher esteem for boys, both national- and local-level data show that an unnaturally greater number of boys than girls are registered as having been born. CONCLUSION: Defining a pregnancy as "illegal" and carrying out the surveillance of individual women are phenomena unique in China, but this does not apply to other features of the policy. The moral judgment concerning the policy depends on the basic question of whether reproduction should be considered as an individual or social decision
Paris Offscreen: Chinese Tourists in Cinematic Paris
This article examines from a European-Asian perspective the relationship between media representations and the tourist’s imagination. We use the case of Chinese tourists in Paris to investigate how these non-European tourists imagine Europe, and how these imaginations are being realized, challenged, and modified during concrete tourist experiences. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with tourists and field observations, this paper shows how the Chinese tourist imagination of Europe is strongly influenced by popular representations from the media. More in particular, the Chinese tourist experience of Paris as it turns out is characterised by an on-going negotiation between media-inspired fantasies and personal experiences of the ‘real’ Paris. As a result of this, the way the Chinese imagined Europe before their visitis reinforced, but also challenged. Chinese tourists tend to develop a hybrid perspective: they learn to re-appreciate Paris in its complexity, while at the same time re-constituting their own cultural identity vis-à-vis the European Other
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