41 research outputs found

    FĂ­sica cuĂĄntica y filosofĂ­a.

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    Réinventer la sexualité: Remarques sur les derniers écrits de Michel Foucault

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    In this paper I wish to comment on the way we conceive of sexual life today, in connection with Michel Foucault’s characterization of “Sex” as something that is part of a “device for sexuality”. The paper is divided into three parts. In the first part, I attempt to analyze and criticize some major components of our conceptions of sex, namely (a) our belief that sex is a private matter, (b) the view that erotism succeeds to be a philosophical clue to the Subject-Object predicament (G. Bataille), and (c) the thesis that a new civilization based on Eros might be born (H. Marcuse). In the second part, I focus on Foucault’s position, which has been widely misunderstood. Foucault’s general argument was that the mechanics of power in our contemporary societies required a well organized device for sexual practice, theory, medical care and so on, since power required close control over the private life of individuals and the disciplinary training of bodies. He opposed the (c) thesis, which he called the “repressive hypothesis”. He also opposed the (b) view, substituting a “genealogy of the man of desire” for Bataille’s conception of erotism. Finally he opposed the (a) belief, by bringing in debate the spectacular counter-example of Ancient Greek and Latin conceptions of sexuality, to the understanding of which he devoted the last years of his life. The third part of this paper then develops Foucault’s basic assumption that in our present time, to resist power will be possible only if we become able to constitute ourselves as individuals in a new way. I argue that the enigma of sex in our lives essentially exhibits our political, philosophical and ethical weakness. With respect to politics we are deprived of the “power to act”, since every confrontation between individuals and the City has become delu- sive, thus making the art of Greek tragedy barely impossible. With respect to philosophy, we meet the major challenge of a new characterization of the Subject. With respect to ethics, we face the reality of violence everywhere. Our “private tragedies” demonstrate that we recoil into private life mainly because we feel that we have lost the world.L’objet de l’article est d’analyser notre conception contemporaine de la sexualitĂ©, en liaison avec la caractĂ©risation qu’en proposait Foucault et qui fait du “Sexe” l’élĂ©ment central d’un “dispositif de sexualitĂ©â€. Dans la premiĂšre partie de l’article, je propose d’abord une description critique de certaines des composantes principales de notre conception de la sexualitĂ©, qui sont (a) la conviction que le sexe est une affaire privĂ©e; (b) l’idĂ©e que l’érotisme pourrait ĂȘtre une solution philosophique providentielle Ă  l’opposition du Sujet et de l’Objet (G. Bataille); et (c) la thĂšse qu’une civilisation nonrĂ©pressive est possible (H. Marcuse). Dans la seconde partie je commente les positions de Foucault, qui ont Ă©tĂ© souvent mal comprises. La thĂšse gĂ©nĂ©rale de Foucault Ă©tait que les mĂ©canismes du pouvoir, dans les sociĂ©tĂ©s contemporaines, exigent un contrĂŽle Ă©troit de la vie privĂ©e des individus et par lĂ  mĂȘme la mise en oeuvre d’un “dispositif” bien organisĂ© susceptible de rĂ©gir la pratique sexuelle, de mĂȘme que sa thĂ©orisation et sa mĂ©dicalisation. Foucault s’opposait Ă  la thĂšse (c), qu’il appelait “l’hypothĂšse rĂ©pressive”. Il s’opposait Ă©galement Ă  (b), en proposant Ă  la place de l’érotisme de Bataille une “gĂ©nĂ©alogie de l’homme de dĂ©sir”. Enfin, il s’opposait Ă  la conviction (a) en arguant du spectaculaire contre-exemple des conceptions grĂ©co-latines de la sexualitĂ© dans l’AntiquitĂ©, auxquelles il avait consacrĂ© les derniĂšres annĂ©es de sa vie. La troisiĂšme partie de l’article dĂ©veloppe Ă  partir de lĂ  la prĂ©supposition fondamentale de Foucault selon laquelle la rĂ©sistance au pouvoir n’est possible Ă  notre Ă©poque que si nous parvenons Ă  nous constituir nousmĂȘmes en tant qu’individus d’une maniĂšre nouvelle. En accord avec cette prĂ©supposition, je propose de dire que l’énigme du sexe dans nos vies exhibe avant tout notre faiblesse politique, philosophique et Ă©thique. En politique nous sommes privĂ©s de la “puissance d’agir” parce que toute confrontation effective entre l’individu et la CitĂ© est devenue illusoire, ce qui scelle l’im- possibilitĂ© de la tragĂ©die grecque. En philosophie nous rencontrons le dĂ©fi majeur de savoir comment dĂ©finir aujourd’hui le concept de Sujet. Du point de vue Ă©thique, nous avons affaire partout Ă  la rĂ©alitĂ© de la violence. Nos “tragĂ©dies privĂ©es” dĂ©montrent que nous ne nous rĂ©fugions dans la vie privĂ©e que parce que nous avons le sentiment d’avoir perdu le monde

    L’Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae d'Athanase Kircher. NĂ©oplatonisme, hermĂ©tisme et « nouvelle philosophie »

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    Communication En 1646 le PĂšre JĂ©suite Athanase Kircher publie Ă  Rome son septiĂšme ouvrage, intitulĂ© Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae. Affirmer que ce livre est l’un des exemples les plus frappants du Baroque dans le domaine des sciences serait une platitude, tant il est clair que le seul nom de Kircher attire le qualificatif de « baroque » sous la plume de tous ses commentateurs. Pourtant, Ă  s’efforcer ne serait-ce que de justifier ce jugement, de l’expliquer et d’en argumenter la valeur, on est con..

    La connaissance a-t-elle un sujet ? Un essai pour repenser l’individu

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    Il y a sans doute en philosophie aujourd’hui peu de questions d’allure aussi classiques et acadĂ©miques que celle du sujet. Pourtant, lorsqu’il s’agit de traiter des rapports entre philosophie, histoire des sciences et sociologie des sciences, le problĂšme que pose la dĂ©termination d’un concept de sujet est gĂ©nĂ©ralement Ă©ludĂ©; ou bien, ce qui produit le mĂȘme nĂ©ant de rĂ©sultats, il est phagocytĂ© par la polĂ©mique ou noyĂ© dans l’ƓcumĂ©nisme. Je voudrais donc procĂ©der autrement et affronter directem..

    FĂ­sica cuĂĄntica y filosofĂ­a.

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    Sin resume

    Réinventer la sexualité: Remarques sur les derniers écrits de Michel Foucault

    Get PDF
    In this paper I wish to comment on the way we conceive of sexual life today, in connection with Michel Foucault’s characterization of “Sex” as something that is part of a “device for sexuality”. The paper is divided into three parts. In the first part, I attempt to analyze and criticize some major components of our conceptions of sex, namely (a) our belief that sex is a private matter, (b) the view that erotism succeeds to be a philosophical clue to the Subject-Object predicament (G. Bataille), and (c) the thesis that a new civilization based on Eros might be born (H. Marcuse). In the second part, I focus on Foucault’s position, which has been widely misunderstood. Foucault’s general argument was that the mechanics of power in our contemporary societies required a well organized device for sexual practice, theory, medical care and so on, since power required close control over the private life of individuals and the disciplinary training of bodies. He opposed the (c) thesis, which he called the “repressive hypothesis”. He also opposed the (b) view, substituting a “genealogy of the man of desire” for Bataille’s conception of erotism. Finally he opposed the (a) belief, by bringing in debate the spectacular counter-example of Ancient Greek and Latin conceptions of sexuality, to the understanding of which he devoted the last years of his life. The third part of this paper then develops Foucault’s basic assumption that in our present time, to resist power will be possible only if we become able to constitute ourselves as individuals in a new way. I argue that the enigma of sex in our lives essentially exhibits our political, philosophical and ethical weakness. With respect to politics we are deprived of the “power to act”, since every confrontation between individuals and the City has become delu- sive, thus making the art of Greek tragedy barely impossible. With respect to philosophy, we meet the major challenge of a new characterization of the Subject. With respect to ethics, we face the reality of violence everywhere. Our “private tragedies” demonstrate that we recoil into private life mainly because we feel that we have lost the world

    Myocardial revascularization and bilateral lung transplantation without cardiopulmonary bypass

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    Coronary artery disease is occasionally encountered in lung transplant recipients and is a risk factor for perioperative complications and poor survival. Besides combined heart-lung transplantation, various techniques of myocardial revascularization can be performed before, or at the time of lung transplantation. We report herein a patient with end-stage bronchoemphysema and two-vessel coronary disease who underwent ‘off-pump' coronary artery bypass graft immediately followed by bilateral lung transplantatio

    Improving Care of Patients At-Risk for Osteoporosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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    BACKGROUND: Despite accurate diagnostic tests and effective therapies, the management of osteoporosis has been observed to be suboptimal in many settings. We tested the effectiveness of an intervention to improve care in patients at-risk of osteoporosis. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS: Primary care physicians and their patients at-risk of osteoporosis, including women 65 years and over, men and women 45 and over with a prior fracture, and men and women 45 and over who recently used ≄90 days of oral glucocorticoids. INTERVENTION: A multifaceted program of education and reminders delivered to primary care physicians as well as mailings and automated telephone calls to patients. Outcome: Either undergoing a bone mineral density (BMD) testing or filling a prescription for a bone-active medication during the 10 months of follow-up. RESULTS: After the intervention, 144 (14%) patients in the intervention group and 97 (10%) patients in the control group received either a BMD test or filled a prescription for an osteoporosis medication. This represents a 4% absolute increase and a 45% relative increase (95% confidence interval 9–93%, p = 0.01) in osteoporosis management between the intervention and control groups. No differences between groups were observed in the incidence of fracture. CONCLUSION: An intervention targeting primary care physicians and their at-risk patients increased the frequency of BMD testing and/or filling prescriptions for osteoporosis medications. However, the absolute percentage of at-risk patients receiving osteoporosis management remained low

    Complémentarité et langage dans l'interprétation de Copenhague

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    SUMMARY. — The notion of Complementarity, put forward by Bohr when the new « quantum mechanics » was first publicly discussed, is almost invariably presented as a superficial, and ill-defined, means of resolving fundamental difficulties — by contributing to the obfuscation of, and evasion from, these issues. This paper seeks to show that, on the contrary, the Copenhagen Interpretation — taking Complementarity as a central concept — was addressing the whole, complex, question of the relationship between natural language and physical objects : in this case, the so-called « atomic phenomena ». This problem entailed a paradox, which in turn led to distinguishing two notions of physical reality, calling for scrupulous definition. In such a context, complementarity takes on the role of an indispensable, if imperfect safeguard, as to the consistency of the « ordinary » (i.e. unformalized) discourse of physics. It acts to compensate for the unattainability of a quantum language, in adequation to objects that no longer behave as do the objects in our ordinary world.RESUME. — La notion de ComplĂ©mentaritĂ© proposĂ©e par Bohr en 1927, au moment de la premiĂšre discussion publique de la nouvelle « mĂ©canique quantique », est presque toujours prĂ©sentĂ©e comme la solution mal dĂ©finie et superficielle de difficultĂ©s fondamentales, qu'elle contribuerait Ă  Ă©luder. L'objet de cet article est de montrer, au contraire, que l'InterprĂ©tation de Copenhague, pour laquelle la ComplĂ©mentaritĂ© est un concept central, posait dans toute sa complexitĂ© le problĂšme de la relation du langage naturel aux objets de la physique, dĂ©signĂ©s par le terme de « phĂ©nomĂšnes atomiques ». C'est ce problĂšme qui donne lieu Ă  un paradoxe, qui Ă  son tour engendre une distinction entre deux notions de rĂ©alitĂ© physique, qu'il faut dĂ©finir soigneusement. Dans ce contexte, la complĂ©mentaritĂ© devient une sorte de garantie, imparfaite mais nĂ©cessaire, de la cohĂ©rence du discours ordinaire (non formalisĂ©) de la physique. Elle compense l'impossibilitĂ© de trouver un langage quantique adĂ©quat Ă  des objets qui ne se prĂ©sentent plus comme des choses du monde ordinaire.Chevalley Catherine. ComplĂ©mentaritĂ© et langage dans l'interprĂ©tation de Copenhague. In: Revue d'histoire des sciences, tome 38, n°3-4, 1985. pp. 251-292

    L'optique des Jésuites et celle des médecins

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    Chevalley Catherine. L'optique des Jésuites et celle des médecins. In: Revue d'histoire des sciences, tome 40, n°3-4, 1987. pp. 377-382
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