ADN: An Information-Centric Networking Architecture for the Internet of Things

Forwarding data by name has been assumed to be a necessary aspect of an information-centric redesign of the current Internet architecture that makes content access, dissemination, and storage more efficient. The Named Data Networking (NDN) and Content-Centric Networking (CCNx) architectures are the leading examples of such an approach. However, forwarding data by name incurs storage and communication complexities that are orders of magnitude larger than solutions based on forwarding data using addresses. Furthermore, the specific algorithms used in NDN and CCNx have been shown to have a number of limitations. The Addressable Data Networking (ADN) architecture is introduced as an alternative to NDN and CCNx. ADN is particularly attractive for large-scale deployments of the Internet of Things (IoT), because it requires far less storage and processing in relaying nodes than NDN. ADN allows things and data to be denoted by names, just like NDN and CCNx do. However, instead of replacing the waist of the Internet with named-data forwarding, ADN uses an address-based forwarding plane and introduces an information plane that seamlessly maps names to addresses without the involvement of end-user applications. Simulation results illustrate the order of magnitude savings in complexity that can be attained with ADN compared to NDN.Comment: 10 page

Retail Resilience and Social Media Opinion Mining

This research focuses on the usefulness of social media opinion mining in the retail sector and what constitutes an attractive high-street retail centre from the viewpoint of a consumer. Geo-located Twitter data allows us to establish when, where and what people say about different retail centres. Comparing this data with retail centres of differing vitality could allow us to draw conclusions about how useful and predictive this source could be. Initial analysis revealed some contrasting text content within top ranked and bottom ranked retail centres in Greater London

A high-resolution multiproxy late Neogene palaeoclimate record from Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California.

The annual migration of the North Pacific Subtropical High, fuelled by tropical heat and moisture---derived partly from the Atlantic---drives seasonal coastal upwelling and, importantly, transports heat into the mid-latitudes. Interannual to orbital cyclicity affects eastern North Pacific climate by varying the relative strengths/interactions of the Subtropical High and the Aleutian Subpolar Low. In modern Guaymas Basin---situated at the wet/dry subtropical divide---dry-season diatom productivity alternates with wet-season terrestrial flux, and pre-formed low-oxygen intermediate waters ensure varve deposition. High-resolution logging of 75% laminated, 63 m, continuous piston core MD02-2515 and companion 6 m kasten core MD02-2517 has identified eight sediment fabric types, six of which are laminated with systematic variations in relative lamina thickness and presence/absence of sub-laminae. Based on observed climate and supported by climate proxies provided by continuous X-ray fluorescence, colour, magnetic susceptibility, sediment density, biogenic silica, carbon and microfossil analyses, the sediment fabric types have been interpreted as the result of climatic/oceanographic conditions produced by variations in the strength of the North Pacific Subtropical High and the extent of its migration. Varve thickness, 6180 stratigraphy and correlation with the o13C stratigraphy of nearby radiocarbon dated core JPC-56 (Keigwin, 2002) gives an age range of 0-36,000 Years. Systematic variations in the predominance of one or more sediment types reveal precessional forcing, which drives a 5000-year oscillation of millennial- and centennial-scale wet/dry cycles, the former are associated with June/December perihelion, the latter with March/September perihelion. Between 34-11,000 yr BP there are significant non-laminated intervals every 5000 years. This study indicates that the Trade Winds are confined close to the equator during the glacial. This breaks the hydrological link between the Atlantic and Pacific and reduces dysoxia in coastal waters

Hydrogen atom in phase space: The Wigner representation

We have found an effective method of calculating the Wigner function, being a quantum analogue of joint probability distribution of position and momentum, for bound states of nonrelativistic hydrogen atom. The formal similarity between the eigenfunctions of nonrelativistic hydrogen atom in the momentum representation and Klein-Gordon propagators has allowed the calculation of the Wigner function for an arbitrary bound state of the hydrogen atom. These Wigner functions for some low lying states are depicted and discussed.Comment: 8 pages (including figures

Design of Phase 3 Studies Evaluating Vixotrigine for Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia

Purpose: Vixotrigine (BIIB074) is a voltage- and use-dependent sodium channel blocker. These studies will evaluate the efficacy and safety of vixotrigine in treating pain experienced by patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) using enriched enrollment randomized withdrawal trial designs. Patients and Methods: Two double-blind randomized withdrawal studies are planned to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vixotrigine compared with placebo in participants with TN (NCT03070132 and NCT03637387). Participant criteria include ≥ 18 years old who have classical, purely paroxysmal TN diagnosed ≥ 3 months prior to study entry, who experience ≥ 3 paroxysms of pain/day. The two studies will include a screening period, 7-day run-in period, a 4- or 6-week single-dose-blind dose-optimization period (Study 1) or 4-week open-label period (Study 2), and 14-week double-blind period. Participants will receive vixotrigine 150 mg orally three times daily in the dose-optimization and open-label periods. The primary endpoint of both studies is the proportion of participants classified as responders at Week 12 of the double-blind period. Secondary endpoints include safety measures, quality of life, and evaluation of vixotrigine population pharmacokinetics. Conclusion: There is a need for an effective, well-tolerated, noninvasive treatment for the neuropathic pain associated with TN. The proposed studies will evaluate the efficacy and safety of vixotrigine in treating pain experienced by patients with TN

Inelastic interaction mean free path of negative pions in tungsten

The inelastic interaction mean free paths lambda of 5, 10, and 15 GeV/c pions were measured by determining the distribution of first interaction locations in a modular tungsten-scintillator ionization spectrometer. In addition to commonly used interaction signatures of a few (2-5) particles in two or three consecutive modules, a chi2 distribution is used to calculate the probability that the first interaction occurred at a specific depth in the spectrometer. This latter technique seems to be more reliable than use of the simpler criteria. No significant dependence of lambda on energy was observed. In tungsten, lambda for pions is 206 plus or minus 6 g/sq cm

Guided graded exercise self-help for chronic fatigue syndrome: Patient experiences and perceptions

Purpose: This study explored patient experiences of Guided graded Exercise Self-help delivered as part of a randomised controlled trial for people with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis, which found that Guided graded Exercise Self-help was better than specialist medical care at reducing fatigue and improving physical functioning. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients reporting improvement (n=9) and deteriorated (n = 10), and analysed using a thematic “constant comparison”. Results: The improved group described more facilitators to doing Guided graded Exercise Self-help, and were more likely to describe high levels of self-motivation, whilst the deteriorated group described more barriers to Guided graded Exercise Self-help (including worse exacerbation of symptoms after Guided graded Exercise Self-help, greater interference from comorbid conditions and obstacles to Guided graded Exercise Self-help in their lives), and had been ill for longer. Having the capacity to do Guided graded Exercise Self-help was important; of note, those with relatively lower levels of functioning sometimes had more time and space in their lives to support their Guided graded Exercise Self-help engagement. We identified an important ‘indeterminate phase’ early on, in which participants did not initially improve. Conclusions: Guided graded Exercise Self-help may be improved by targeting those most likely to improve, and education about the indeterminate phase