Decentralized Sewer Unit Packages as an Alternative for Bulloch County to Manage Fast Growth

Throughout the state of Georgia, rural areas rely on septic tanks to dispose of bodily waste for small commercial, industrial, and residential construction. Septic tanks act as the most conventional system when properties fall outside the service areas of municipal and private wastewater treatment facilities. Bulloch County has a vast number of rural dwellings within its boundaries. Moreover, the County experienced a steady 3 to 5% annual growth over the last several years. Therefore, an examination of alternatives to the traditional septic systems is warranted if the County wishes to maintain continued sustainable growth. This study focuses on the factors driving growth in Bulloch county including: population, housing, commercial and industrial development, subdivision development, assessed property values, and future development projections. Next, we compare two waste disposal systems that could substitute for traditional septic systems: a Small Diameter Gravity System (SDGS) and the Bioclere Onsite Wastewater Treatment System. Working Paper Number 2005-001

MADAM Protein Decreases Microsporidia Attachment to Host Cells

Microsporidia are an obligate, intracellular fungal pathogen that can cause devastating, disseminating infections in the immunocompromised. Because of the limitations of current medications, microsporidia’s abundant presence in the environment, and an increasing number of at-risk populations, investigation into decreasing microsporidia infectivity is needed. As an intracellular pathogen, microspridial attachment is a vital first step to infection, and if attachment is reduced, previous work shows that infectivity is mitigated. An in silico analysis of Encephalitozoon intestinalis revealed a predicted protein similar in sequence to ADAM (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase) proteins. This predicted protein is termed microsporidia ADAM or MADAM. ADAM proteins contain an integrin binding region, which is well known to bind to integrin proteins. Integrins are important receptors for attachment and cell signaling, and several pathogens utilize host integrins as a receptor to aid in attachment during infection. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrates that MADAM protein is found on the plasma membrane, anchoring disk, and polar tube of E. intestinalis spores. Our hypothesis is that MADAM is involved in the key role of host cell attachment. To this end, a 17 amino acid long section of the MADAM protein was generated that surrounded the integrin binding domain. During spore adherence assays, pretreating host cells with this small peptide protein, significantly decreased E. intestinalis spore attachment to host cells as compared to control samples. These results suggest E. intestinalis cleverly exploits host integrins as a means to bind to host cells before infection

Maneuver Recovery Analysis for the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission

The use of spacecraft formations creates new and more demanding requirements for orbit determination accuracy. In addition to absolute navigation requirements, there are typically relative navigation requirements that are based on the size or shape of the formation. The difficulty in meeting these requirements is related to the relative dynamics of the spacecraft orbits and the frequency of the formation maintenance maneuvers. This paper examines the effects of bi-weekly formation maintenance maneuvers on the absolute and relative orbit determination accuracy for the four-spacecraft Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) formation. Results are presented from high fidelity simulations that include the effects of realistic orbit determination errors in the maneuver planning process. Solutions are determined using a high accuracy extended Kalman filter designed for onboard navigation. Three different solutions are examined, considering the effects of process noise and measurement rate on the solutions

Maneuver Recovery Analysis for the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission

The use of spacecraft formations creates new and more demanding requirements for orbit determination accuracy. In addition to absolute navigation requirements, there are typically relative navigation requirements that are based on the size or shape of the formation. The difficulty in meeting these requirements is related to the relative dynamics of the spacecraft orbits and the frequency of the formation maintenance maneuvers. This paper examines the effects of bi-weekly formation maintenance maneuvers on the absolute and relative orbit determination accuracy for the four-spacecraft Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) formation. Results are presented from high fidelity simulations that include the effects of realistic orbit determination errors in the maneuver planning process. Solutions are determined using a high accuracy extended Kalman filter designed for onboard navigation. Three different solutions are examined, considering the effects of process noise and measurement rate on the solutions

Critically-Ill Recipients of Weight-Based Fluconazole Meeting Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) criteria.

Purpose: Fluconazole-associated liver injury is estimated to occur in <10% of patients; however, the effect of weight-based fluconazole dosing on liver injury has not been assessed. This study evaluated how often patients met Drug Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) criteria when receiving fluconazole daily doses of <6mg/kg versus ≥6mg/kg. Methods: This multi-center, retrospective cohort study was performed in critically-ill fluconazole recipients hospitalized from January 2009 to December 2012. It included patients who received ≥3 fluconazole doses with ≥1 dose administered in the intensive care unit. Patients were excluded if they were pregnant, presented with acetaminophen toxicity, received fluconazole within 1 week of liver transplantation, or missed >1 fluconazole dose during therapy. We compared liver function tests (LFTs) upon fluconazole initiation to peak LFTs within 2 weeks after fluconazole discontinuation using DILIN criteria. The Fisher’s exact test was used to detect differences in the primary outcome of patients meeting DILIN criteria by weight-based dosing as well as in subgroups of patients with kidney dysfunction, liver disease, septic shock, and those receiving a loading dose. Results: Two-hundred and forty-eight of 767 patients met inclusion criteria; 90% had a documented fungal infection or received empiric therapy for suspected invasive candidiasis. Of the 199 patients receiving <6 mg/kg of fluconazole, 55% met DILIN criteria versus 46.9% of the 49 patients in the ≥6 mg/kg cohort (p=0.20). Only 14.5% of patients meeting DILIN criteria also met the definition for hepatocellular damage. In analysis of subgroups, 77.3% of patients with cirrhosis and 76.3% with septic shock met DILIN criteria (p<0.001 for both compared to those without these conditions). Conclusions: Weight-based fluconazole dosing did not affect the number of critically-ill recipients who met DILIN criteria. However, DILIN criteria may overestimate the incidence of fluconazole-associated liver injury in critically-ill patients

Social and Environmental Factors Associated with Preschoolers' Non-sedentary Physical Activity

The two-fold purpose of the investigation was (1) to describe with direct observation data the physical activity behaviors and the accompanying social and environmental events of those behaviors for children in preschools; and (2) to determine which contextual conditions were predictors of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and non-sedentary physical activity (i.e., light activity + MVPA) for 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children during their outdoor play. The results indicate that preschoolers' physical activity is characterized as sedentary in nature throughout their preschool day (i.e., 89% sedentary, 8% light activity, 3% MVPA). During outdoor play periods, when children are most likely to be physically active, some contextual and social circumstances better predict their physical activity. Implications for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers are discussed. Originally published Child Development, Vol. 80, No. 1, Jan/Feb 200

Prospectus, February 7, 1969

CAMPUS HAS NATURAL LOOK -- WILL BE COMPLETED BY 1975, STUDENTS MOVE IN BY 1971; Black Rap; Readerspeak; Supersnake; Plato Hook-Up at PC; Ask Charlie Brown; SG Charters Clubs, Approves Cap, Gown; Student Guides Needed; BSA Gets New Dean; Jobs Open at Parkland; Mrs. Scott For Equality at PC; Visit From Blackburn Counselor; Feels Close to Students; Parkland Theater Now in First Production; Student Reporters Evicted From Faculty Association; Dietz, Lehnis Stop Cobras; Two Prodigals Reinstated on Basketball Team; Parkland Shoots .539 in Clipping Olney JC; Kays Forfeit, Canton Next; Druts, Lobos and Cougars Tied at 2-0; Parkland Drops 9th, Millikin Wins 102-87https://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1969/1012/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, February 21, 1969

SG DEMANDS CODE REVISION; Students Grumble At Code; Letter Sent To Staerkel Tells Student Opinion; Readerspeak; Supersnake; Black Rap; Science, Music Interest PC Biology Instructor; BSA Demands Are Answered By Staerkel; Ask Minerva; Spring Means Formal Plans; Phi Beta Lamda Has Casino Night; BSA Style Show; Spoon River; The Martyr; Literary Magazine Dumped; They\u27re All Dead; Cold-Shooting Parkland Tumbles To Olney, 59-47; Bigler Talks, New Manager Is Needed; Regional Next For PC; White Wins FT Contest; Bulletin; Spoon River Flows Past Cobras; 36\u27ers Hot, Three Teams Still On Top; Cobras Or \u27Toppers?\u27 Battle Resumes Again; E.I.U. Drops Cobras In OT, 75-70; PC Cheerleaders Are Impressivehttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1969/1011/thumbnail.jp

Ion-neutral Coupling During Deep Solar Minimum

The equatorial ionosphere under conditions of deep solar minimum exhibits structuring due to tidal forces. Data from instruments carried by the Communication Navigation Outage Forecasting System (CNOFS) which was launched in April 2008 have been analyzed for the first 2 years following launch. The Planar Langmuir Probe (PLP), Ion Velocity Meter (IVM) and Vector Electric Field Investigation (VEFI) all detect periodic structures during the 20082010 period which appear to be tides. However when the tidal features detected by these instruments are compared, there are distinctive and significant differences between the observations. Tides in neutral densities measured by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite were also observed during June 2008. In addition, Broad Plasma Decreases (BPDs) appear as a deep absolute minimum in the plasma and neutral density tidal pattern. These are co-located with regions of large downward-directed ion meridional velocities and minima in the zonal drifts, all on the nightside. The region in which BPDs occur coincides with a peak in occurrence rate of dawn depletions in plasma density observed on the Defense Meterological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft, as well as a minimum in radiance detected by UV imagers on the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) and IMAGE satellite

Design of the Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD (SPIROMICS) AIR Study.

IntroductionPopulation-based epidemiological evidence suggests that exposure to ambient air pollutants increases hospitalisations and mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but less is known about the impact of exposure to air pollutants on patient-reported outcomes, morbidity and progression of COPD.Methods and analysisThe Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD (SPIROMICS) Air Pollution Study (SPIROMICS AIR) was initiated in 2013 to investigate the relation between individual-level estimates of short-term and long-term air pollution exposures, day-to-day symptom variability and disease progression in individuals with COPD. SPIROMICS AIR builds on a multicentre study of smokers with COPD, supplementing it with state-of-the-art air pollution exposure assessments of fine particulate matter, oxides of nitrogen, ozone, sulfur dioxide and black carbon. In the parent study, approximately 3000 smokers with and without airflow obstruction are being followed for up to 3 years for the identification of intermediate biomarkers which predict disease progression. Subcohorts undergo daily symptom monitoring using comprehensive daily diaries. The air monitoring and modelling methods employed in SPIROMICS AIR will provide estimates of individual exposure that incorporate residence-specific infiltration characteristics and participant-specific time-activity patterns. The overarching study aim is to understand the health effects of short-term and long-term exposures to air pollution on COPD morbidity, including exacerbation risk, patient-reported outcomes and disease progression.Ethics and disseminationThe institutional review boards of all the participating institutions approved the study protocols. The results of the trial will be presented at national and international meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals