993 research outputs found
Planning the forest transport systems based on the principles of sustainable development of territories
The article identifies a new method of dynamic modeling in the design of the transport system in the forest fund (TSFF), which is based on economic and mathematical modeling and fuzzy logic tools. The combination of the indicated methods is designed to reduce the disadvantages of their use and increase the benefits. The article substantiates the choice of assessing the forecast level of the impact of risks on the activities of forestry enterprises (the method of expert assessments), using the methodological tools of fuzzy logic. The indicated method makes it possible to take into account a large variety of risk factors of the internal and external environment. At the same time, methodological aspects of fuzzy logic make it possible to formulate a quantitative assessment of qualitative indicators. The article substantiates the choice of tools for economic and mathematical modeling in order to state the design problem of the planned TSFF. Since the indicated method enables the formalization of the functioning of the timber transport system in the given conditions. The article presents a developed model that correctly takes into account the influence of risk factors when planning a TSFF, through the combination of fuzzy logic methods and economic and mathematical modeling. The advantages of the developed model include: considering the multivariance of material flows, vehicles, points of overload, etc.; automated processing of input parameters and effective data; using the model for forecasting, i.e. the possibility of deriving a fuzzy estimate of the efficiency of the timber transport system by identifying cause-effect relationships between the modeling object and the influence of risk factors on its functioning. Β© 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd
ΠΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1H-2,1-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½-4(3H)-ΠΎΠ½ 2,2-Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ
Some peculiarities of the three-component interaction of 1-ethyl-1H-2,1-benzothiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide with active methylene nitriles and heterylcarbaldehydes have been described in this article. It has been found that ifΒ malononitrile is used, the products of the three-component reaction are 2-amino-4-heteryl-3-cyano-6-ethyl-4,6-dihydropyrano[3,2-c][2,1]benzothiazine 5,5-dioxides irrespective of the heteryl fragment nature in the initial aldehyde. When using ethyl cyanoacetate (as the active methylene nitrile) in the three-component interaction insteadΒ malononitrile the reaction lost its selectivity. In this case, depending on the heterylcarbaldehyde, three differentΒ types of products were obtained, namely 2-amino-3-alkoxycarbonyl-4-heteryl-4H-pyranes (for pyridine-3-, pyridine-4-carbaldehydes and furan-2-carbaldehyde), thriethylammonium salt of bis(1-ethyl-1H-2,1-benzothiazin-2,2-Β dioxo-4-ol-3-yl)(2-thienyl)methane (for thiophen-2-carbaldehyde) or ethyl 2-cyano-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)acrylate (forΒ indol-3-carbaldehyde). Formation of a stable triethylammonium salts was considered as the process competitiveΒ with formation of 2-amino-4H-pyranes. It has allowes to propose the modiΕΈed mechanism of 2-amino-4H-pyranesΒ formation. This mechanism includes the stage of forming triethylammonium salts of bis-adducts. According toΒ this mechanism 2-amino-3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-(2-thienyl)-4H-pyrane without any impurity of bis-adduct could beΒ selectively obtained using the three-component interaction. Triethylammonium salts of bis-adducts were obtained by direct interaction of 1-ethyl-1H-2,1-benzothiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide with heterylcarbaldehydes in theΒ presence of equimolar amounts of triethylamine. It has been shown that the three-component interaction of Β 1-ethyl-1H-2,1-benzothiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide with active methylene nitriles and heterylcarbaldehydes is a more Β effective tool in order to obtain condensed 2-amino-4-heteryl-4H-pyranes compared to the stepwise approach.ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ 1-ΡΡΠΈΠ»-1Π-2,1-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½-4(3Π)-ΠΎΠ½ 2,2-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ 2-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎ-4-Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-3-ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎ-6-ΡΡΠΈΠ»-4,6-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ[3,2-c][2,1]Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½ 5,5-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π² ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Π΅. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ° (Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°) ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Π°Β Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ², Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ 2-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎ-3-Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»-4-Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-4Π-ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ (Π΄Π»ΡΒ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-3-, ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-4-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½-2-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Π°), ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π±ΠΈΡ(1-ΡΡΠΈΠ»-1H-2,1-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½-2,2-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΎ-4-ΠΎΠ»-3-ΠΈΠ»)(2-ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»)ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π° (Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π½-2-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Π°) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»2-ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎ-3-(1H-ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»-3-ΠΈΠ»)Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ (Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»-3-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Π°). ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΡ-Π°Π΄Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ 2-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎ-4Π-ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ 2-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎ-4Π-ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π±ΠΈΡ-Π°Π΄Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ². Π ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΡ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ 2-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎ-3-ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»-4-(2-ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»)-4H-ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π±ΠΈΡ-Π°Π΄Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅. Π’ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΡ-Π°Π΄Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠΌ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ 1-ΡΡΠΈΠ»-1Π-2,1-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½-4(3Π)-ΠΎΠ½ 2,2-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Ρ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ 1-ΡΡΠΈΠ»-1Π-2,1-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½-4(3Π)-ΠΎΠ½Β 2,2-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
2-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎ-4-Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-4Π-ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ.ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1Π-2,1-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½-4(3Π)-ΠΎΠ½ 2,2-Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΊΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ 2-Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎ-4-Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-3-ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ-6-Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»-4,6-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ[3,2-c][2,1]Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½ 5,5-Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Ρ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ (Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ) ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ. Π£ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΊΡ Π² Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ 2-Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎ-3-Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»-4-Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-4Π-ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ (Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-3-, ΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-4-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠ² ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½-2-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄Ρ), ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ»Ρ Π±ΡΡ(1-Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1H-2,1-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½-2,2-Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΎ-4-ΠΎΠ»-3-ΡΠ»)(2-ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ»)ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Ρ (Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½-2-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄Ρ) Π°Π±ΠΎ Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»-2-ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ-3-(1Π-ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»-3-ΡΠ»)Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ (Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»-3-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄Ρ). Π£ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΡ-Π°Π΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠ² ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ³Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ 2-Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎ-4Π-ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ. Π¦Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ 2-Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎ-4Π-ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ², ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π±ΡΡ-Π°Π΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ². ΠΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΡ, ΠΌΠΈ Π·ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΒ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈ 2-Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎ-3-Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»-4-(2-ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ»)-4H-ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ Π±Π΅Π· Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π±ΡΡ-Π°Π΄ΡΠΊΡΡ, Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½Ρ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ± ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉΒ Π±ΡΡ-Π°Π΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΡ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡ 1-Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1Π-2,1-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½-4(3Π)-ΠΎΠ½ 2,2-Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π· Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΅ΠΊΠ²ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΡΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½Π° Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1Π-2,1-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½-4(3Π)-ΠΎΠ½ 2,2-Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
2-Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎ-4-Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-4Π-ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ² Β Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½Π½Ρ Π· ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ
On the possibility of refining by means of optical location some astronomical parameters of the system - Earth-Moon
Optical location of moon in Earth-Moon system using artificial light reflector, on lunar surfac
E2 strengths and transition radii difference of one-phonon 2+ states of 92Zr from electron scattering at low momentum transfer
Background: Mixed-symmetry 2+ states in vibrational nuclei are characterized
by a sign change between dominant proton and neutron valence-shell components
with respect to the fully symmetric 2+ state. The sign can be measured by a
decomposition of proton and neutron transition radii with a combination of
inelastic electron and hadron scattering [C. Walz et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106,
062501 (2011)]. For the case of 92Zr, a difference could be experimentally
established for the neutron components, while about equal proton transition
radii were indicated by the data. Method: Differential cross sections for the
excitation of one-phonon 2+ and 3- states in 92Zr have been measured with the
(e,e') reaction at the S-DALINAC in a momentum transfer range q = 0.3-0.6
fm^(-1). Results: Transition strengths B(E2;2+_1 -> 0+_1) = 6.18(23), B(E2;
2+_2 -> 0+_1) = 3.31(10) and B(E3; 3-_1 -> 0+_1) = 18.4(11) Weisskopf units are
determined from a comparison of the experimental cross sections to
quasiparticle-phonon model (QPM) calculations. It is shown that a
model-independent plane wave Born approximation (PWBA) analysis can fix the
ratio of B(E2) transition strengths to the 2+_(1,2) states with a precision of
about 1%. The method furthermore allows to extract their proton transition
radii difference. With the present data -0.12(51) fm is obtained. Conclusions:
Electron scattering at low momentum transfers can provide information on
transition radii differences of one-phonon 2+ states even in heavy nuclei.
Proton transition radii for the 2+_(1,2) states in 92Zr are found to be
identical within uncertainties. The g.s. transition probability for the
mixed-symmetry state can be determined with high precision limited only by the
available experimental information on the B(E2; 2+_1 -> 0+_1) value.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. C, revised manuscrip
Determination of bottomhole pressure by using multivariate statistical models (on example of formation TL-BB Yurchukskoie field)
The problem of determining BHP in production wells not equipped with depth measuring systems, it is relevant for many of the oil fields of Perm Krai. In practice, the absence of special devices for downhole pump bottomhole pressure is determined by converting the dynamic level. With this approach, the main difficulty is the calculation of the density of the gas-liquid mixture, the accuracy of which is low due to the influence of numerous complicating factors. In this paper the fundamentally different approach to the definition of bottomhole pressure, considered on one of the well equipped with high-precision depth measurement system, of Tl-Bb layer of Yurchukskoe field. The initial data are direct measurements of downhole pressure, as well as a number of other indicators of its operation (flow rates of oil and liquid, water content, dynamic level, the pump depth below the dynamic level, the pressure of the annulus). The first stage analysis of the data led to the conclusion that the bottomhole pressure during the observation period varied, with different directions: the first is gradually reduced, then - increased. In this regard, the study of influence of operating parameters on the value of BHP held for three cases: for the entire period of observation, as well as separately for the period of its decline and the increase. Statistical analysis of the averages and distribution densities possible to identify the parameters that influence the bottomhole pressure, and found that the effect is mixed. At the final stage the multidimensional statistical models that take into account the effect of multidirectional operating indicators BHP have been built. "Functionality" verification of developed models was made on the example of three other wells of the same development object. This verification confirmed the feasibility of using developed models for determining the values of bottomhole pressure from known values of indicators for well operation and all the proposed approach in general
SOFT LAW REALISATION IN THE CONTEXT OF Β«PRINCIPLES RELEVANT TO THE USE OF NUCLEAR POWER SOURCES IN OUTER SPACEΒ»: CASE STUDY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE EUROPEAN UNION STATES
Nowadays one of the most significant discussions in the international public law relates to the concept and the role of βsoft lawβ. Some researchers assert the point of view of existence of such law, others consider that it is a new source of public international law However, different approaches donβt exclude the basic char-acteristics of soft law that is a non-binding nature and a streamlines process of drafting. Because of this situation, Member-States of public international organizations tend to use soft law as a pragmatic way of organizing interactions among sovereign states the in case of difficulties to pass unified international treaty. This article argues that similar practices also exist in international space law. Since the entry in force of the Moon Agreement in 1979, the Member States of UN COPUOS have not passed any additional international space treaties. Instead, they have found a solution for new chal-lenges: drafting and accepting soft law acts like UN General Assembly Resolutions (hereinafter GA Resolutions) and others. While GA Resolutions are not legally binding, States can transform them into national legislations and doing so they will have to be responsible for certain space activities which have not been regulated internationally yet. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview on the establishment of soft law as a new source of international space law by analyzing and comparing state practice in Russia, the USA and in several Member States of the European Union (EU). The emphasis will be made on the transformation of provisions of the UN General Assembly Resolution βPrinciples Relevant to the Use of Nuclear Pow-er Sources in Outer Spaceβ (hereinafter the NPS Principles) as nuclear power sources in outer space should be based on a thorough safety assessment. The article starts by a short overview of the concept of βsoft lawβ and the resolutions produced by UN COPUOS. Then it will go on to the main three parts besides conclusion. The first chapter gives a brief overview of the drafting history of the NPS Principles and the second deals with activities of UN COPUOS and IAEA on the matter of nuclear power sources use in outer space. The last chapter pre-sents several case studies focusing on the following questions which provisions of NPS Principles have been implemented into national legislative system, what is the novel and what are the differences among the various national law instruments in these countries
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