Target motion estimation via a multistatic FSR

The focus of this paper is on the estimation of the kinematic parameters of moving targets via a MIMO Forward Scatter Radar (FSR) system. A sub-optimum estimation technique is considered that exploits the information concerning the time instants at which the target crosses the individual baselines to retrieve the motion parameters. The accuracy of such technique is firstly investigated from a theoretical point of view and then the effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by applying it to live MIMO FSR data. Shown results prove the practical applicability of the proposed technique

Feasibility of passive bistatic geosynchronous radar using comsat transmissions

Communication satellites in geosynchronous orbit are increasingly broadcasting digital signals with high bandwidth and high power. These signals are in principle well-suited to radar imaging and the study presented here is an initial feasibility study for a passive bistatic synthetic aperture radar using satellites in geosynchronous orbit (GEO). The persistent viewing possible from GEO could enable important new applications. The mission concept is outlined and studies of the available signal formats identify digital TV broadcasts in Ku-band as most suitable for radar imaging. The additional space hardware required is a dedicated receive channel, which could be implemented as a hosted payload at modest cost. Our findings so far suggest that the mission concept is feasible for coarse spatial resolution images and that it could therefore provide a low-cost technology demonstration of geosynchronous radar

СТРАТЕГИЯ СОХРАНЕНИЯ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЙ ПРИВЛЕКАТЕЛЬНОСТИ ГОРОДА В УСЛОВИЯХ САНКЦИЙ

Factors of investment attractiveness of the city of Novosibirsk under the conditions of sanctions have been studied, modern anti-crisis mechanisms of its maintenance and stable development have been provided. In the crisis conditions, the main problems, having a negative impact on the image of the city, are demographic problems, poverty and threat of deepening social inequality due to ineffective management of labor market. Anti-crisis measures are offered, which should be realized with due consideration of the main priorities of social and economic growth of the city.Изучены факторы инвестиционной привлекательности города Новосибирска в условиях санкций, обоснованы современные антикризисные механизмы ее сохранения и устойчивого развития. Основными проблемами, негативно влияющими на имидж города и его инвестиционный потенциал, в кризисных ситуациях являются проблемы демографии, бедности и угроза углубления социального неравенства из-за неэффективного управления рынком труда. Предложены антикризисные меры, которые следует реализовать с учетом основных приоритетов социально-экономического роста города

Neural network based for automatic vehicle classification in forward scattering radar

The paper is dedicated to the continuation and improvement of the vehicle classification method of SISAR micro-sensors for ground vehicles previously presented in RADAR2004 and RADAR2005 [1–2]. In spite of a number of theoretical research efforts in the application of SISAR for target classification [1–4] , there are only few research concentrate on the classification processing to confirm the feasibility of SISAR's practicality. This paper begins with an overview and summary of the authors' previous research. Then a new research topic in the improvement of the classification performance for various scenarios using Neural Network is proposed. Finally experimental results, conclusions and recommendations are presented

Mouth-Clicks used by Blind Expert Human Echolocators – Signal Description and Model Based Signal Synthesis

Echolocation is the ability to use sound-echoes to infer spatial information about the environment. Some blind people have developed extraordinary proficiency in echolocation using mouth-clicks. The first step of human biosonar is the transmission (mouth click) and subsequent reception of the resultant sound through the ear. Existing head-related transfer function (HRTF) data bases provide descriptions of reception of the resultant sound. For the current report, we collected a large database of click emissions with three blind people expertly trained in echolocation, which allowed us to perform unprecedented analyses. Specifically, the current report provides the first ever description of the spatial distribution (i.e. beam pattern) of human expert echolocation transmissions, as well as spectro-temporal descriptions at a level of detail not available before. Our data show that transmission levels are fairly constant within a 60° cone emanating from the mouth, but levels drop gradually at further angles, more than for speech. In terms of spectro-temporal features, our data show that emissions are consistently very brief (~3ms duration) with peak frequencies 2-4kHz, but with energy also at 10kHz. This differs from previous reports of durations 3-15ms and peak frequencies 2-8kHz, which were based on less detailed measurements. Based on our measurements we propose to model transmissions as sum of monotones modulated by a decaying exponential, with angular attenuation by a modified cardioid. We provide model parameters for each echolocator. These results are a step towards developing computational models of human biosonar. For example, in bats, spatial and spectro-temporal features of emissions have been used to derive and test model based hypotheses about behaviour. The data we present here suggest similar research opportunities within the context of human echolocation. Relatedly, the data are a basis to develop synthetic models of human echolocation that could be virtual (i.e. simulated) or real (i.e. loudspeaker, microphones), and which will help understanding the link between physical principles and human behaviour

Simultaneous data collection of small maritime targets using multistatic radar and forward scatter radar

Radar detection of small maritime targets is of great interest in the context of coastal and port security for prevention of activities such as smuggling and piracy. Multistatic radar and forward scatter radar offer detection advantages compared with conventional monostatic systems, such as advantageous multi-perspective target view for the former and target radar cross-section enhancement for the latter. In this study, experimental results are presented to characterise simultaneous measurements investigating the detection of a small inflatable boat by a multistatic radar and a forward scatter radar. These results are believed to be the first example of simultaneous experimental comparison of such systems

Optimal step frequency signal for a ground penetrating radar

It is shown that the peformance of a ground penetrating radar with an ultra-wideband step frequency signal can be improved by transmitting a different energy for each carrier frequency. As a result the radar can use lower mean transmitting energy while retaining the same main parameters such as penetration depth and range resolution. The total gain in transmitted energy depends on the penetration depth and ground properties and can reach 10-30 dB for practical radars

Frequency band selection of radars for buried object detection

Choice of the operational frequency is one of the most responsible parts of any radar design process. Parameters of radars for buried object detection (BOD) are very sensitive to both carrier frequency and ranging signal bandwidth. Such radars have a specific propagation environment with a strong frequency-dependent attenuation and, as a result, short operational range. This fact dictates some features of the radar's parameters: wideband signal-to provide a high range resolution (fractions of a meter) and a low carrier frequency (tens or hundreds megahertz) for deeper penetration. The requirement to have a wideband ranging signal and low carrier frequency are partly in contradiction. As a result, low-frequency (LF) ultrawide-band (UWB) signals are used. The major goal of this paper is to examine the influence of the frequency band choice on the radar performance and develop relevant methodologies for BOD radar design and optimization. In this article, high-efficient continuous wave (CW) signals with most advanced stepped frequency (SF) modulation are considered; however, the main conclusions can be applied to any kind of ranging signals