10 research outputs found

    Gender differences in performance-driven managerial innovation: evidence from US nursing homes

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    The management literature has highlighted the role of a manager’s gender in adopting and practicing managerial innovation. The conditions that affect female (or male) managers’ decision making on innovations, however, have been less explored. Using a national survey of top-level administrators in US nursing homes and archival nursing home quality data, this study examines how performance information shapes gender differences in managerial innovation adoption. We find that female managers are more likely to adopt innovations relative to male managers, particularly when they perform better than they have in past years. Our findings, however, do not support a gender difference in innovation adoption when a nursing home performs worse than other competing organizations. The findings provide important implications on how a manager’s gender produces systematic differences in innovation adoption related to performance information

    Health care in America: the relationship between subjective and objective assessments of hospitals

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    Measuring public service performance is a central issue for modern governments. Less attention, however, has been paid to the similarities and differences between various performance indicators. In particular, we know less about the views of citizens concerning performance and how they are correlated with administrative performance. Examining the growing area of health care, we examine how patient perceptions on service quality are related to a series of objective hospital performance indicators. Regarding the quality of interpersonal care and the process of care, we find convergent validity with patient satisfaction and this validity is relatively consistent across diagnosis types. Patient assessments, however, do not track clinical outcomes, such as mortality. Given the complex context and high levels of information asymmetry in health care, the evidence for convergent validity contributes to the generalizability of the theory linking citizen satisfaction to the provision of public services

    Superconducting Properties in Y-doped Semimetallic Bi3O2S3 Superconductors

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    We report the superconducting properties of Y-doped semimetallic Bi3O2S3 superconductors. From electrical resistivity measurements, the T-c,(zero) of the optimally Y-doped Bi3O2S3 was higher than that of pure Bi3O2S3. This Y content dependence of the superconducting properties in Bi3O2S3 is explained by the chemical pressure effect

    Magnetic domains in H-mediated Zn0.9Co0.1O microdisk arrays

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    In this study, we have fabricated and studied magnetic domains in the periodic H-mediated Zn0.9Co0.1O (H-ZCO) microdisk structures at room temperature with the MFM technique. The results of MFM show that the z-component of the remanent magnetic moment is uniform even though the value is much smaller than that of the saturation magnetic moment. In the investigation of H-ZCO microdisk arrays in different volumes, the magnetic domains observed on different sizes of the H-ZCO microdisks exhibited the same magnetic domain characteristics, perpendicular magnetization, regardless of the volume. Also, we confirmed that the ferromagnetism in the H-ZnCoO system is mediated by hydrogens with the MFM results of ZnCoO hydrogen injected and dehydrogenated.Y

    Wafer-scale high-quality Ag thin film using a ZnO buffer layer for plasmonic applications

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    © 2020 Realizing laterally continuous, ultraflat silver (Ag) single-crystal films is a significant technological challenge. Ag thin film grown on various hetero-substrates has been used in numerous applications, due to its superior electrical and optical properties. To exploit these properties without degradation and apply these films to high-precision patterning, surface plasmonics, and so on, a high-quality thin film having an ultraflat surface and few grain boundaries is needed. A zinc oxide (ZnO) buffer layer can be used to facilitate the growth of a single-crystalline Ag thin film on a sapphire (Al2O3) substrate. ZnO films deposited on Al2O3 substrates have grain boundaries; however, Ag films grown on ZnO are nearly grain-free and close to single-crystalline quality. This can be explained by the exceptionally small extended atomic distance mismatch, of ~0.08%, between Ag and Al2O3, in which the ninth Ag atom and the eighth Al atom are matched in terms of coherence and periodicity. A modified radio frequency sputtering system with a single-crystal Ag target enabled wafer-scale growth of ultraflat, grain-free Ag films. The proposed approach using a ZnO buffer provides a new method for fabricating Ag films with high adhesion, anti-oxidative stability, and superior optical properties, and allows for easy nano-patterning11sciescopu

    Flat-surface-assisted and self-regulated oxidation resistance of Cu(111)

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    © 2022 Springer Nature Limited. Oxidation can deteriorate the properties of copper that are critical for its use, particularly in the semiconductor industry and electro-optics applications1–7. This has prompted numerous studies exploring copper oxidation and possible passivation strategies8. In situ observations have, for example, shown that oxidation involves stepped surfaces: Cu2O growth occurs on flat surfaces as a result of Cu adatoms detaching from steps and diffusing across terraces9–11. But even though this mechanism explains why single-crystalline copper is more resistant to oxidation than polycrystalline copper, the fact that flat copper surfaces can be free of oxidation has not been explored further. Here we report the fabrication of copper thin films that are semi-permanently oxidation resistant because they consist of flat surfaces with only occasional mono-atomic steps. First-principles calculations confirm that mono-atomic step edges are as impervious to oxygen as flat surfaces and that surface adsorption of O atoms is suppressed once an oxygen face-centred cubic (fcc) surface site coverage of 50% has been reached. These combined effects explain the exceptional oxidation resistance of ultraflat Cu surfaces.11Nsciescopu

    Self-Oxidation Resistance of the Curved Surface of Achromatic Copper

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    Copper surfaces that exhibit a wide range of achromatic colors while still metallic have not been studied, despite advancements in antireflection coatings. A series of achromatic copper films grown with [111] preferred orientation by depositing 3D porous nanostructures is introduced via coherent/incoherent atomic sputtering epitaxy. The porous copper nanostructures self-regulate the giant oxidation resistance by constructing a curved surface that generates a series of monoatomic steps, followed by shrinkage of the lattice spacing of one or two surface layers. First-principles calculations confirm that these structural components cooperatively increase the energy barrier against oxygen penetration. The achromaticity of the single-crystalline porous copper films is systematically tuned by geometrical parameters such as pore size distribution and 3D linkage. The optimized achromatic copper films with high oxidation resistance show an unusual switching effect between superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity. The tailored 3D porous nanostructures can be a candidate material for numerous applications, such as antireflection coatings, microfluidic devices, droplet tweezers, and reversible wettability switches

    Color of Copper/Copper Oxide

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    © 2021 The Authors. Advanced Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbHStochastic inhomogeneous oxidation is an inherent characteristic of copper (Cu), often hindering color tuning and bandgap engineering of oxides. Coherent control of the interface between metal and metal oxide remains unresolved. Coherent propagation of an oxidation front in single-crystal Cu thin film is demonstrated to achieve a full-color spectrum for Cu by precisely controlling its oxide-layer thickness. Grain-boundary-free and atomically flat films prepared by atomic-sputtering epitaxy allow tailoring of the oxide layer with an abrupt interface via heat treatment with a suppressed temperature gradient. Color tuning of nearly full-color red/green/blue indices is realized by precise control of the oxide-layer thickness; the samples cover ≈50.4% of the standard red/green/blue color space. The color of copper/copper oxide is realized by the reconstruction of the quantitative yield color from the oxide “pigment” (complex dielectric functions of Cu2O) and light-layer interference (reflectance spectra obtained from the Fresnel equations) to produce structural color. Furthermore, laser-oxide lithography is demonstrated with micrometer-scale linewidth and depth through local phase transformation to oxides embedded in the metal, providing spacing necessary for semiconducting transport and optoelectronics functionality.11Nsciescopu
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