Mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of some titanium alloys in marine environment.

International audienceTitanium alloys are used in several fields such as aerospace industry or biomedical. They are increasingly used in marine applications, a highly corrosive environment. We chose titanium alloys for their good properties such as high mech. strength, low d. and excellent corrosion resistance. This study is focused on titanium alloys potentially interesting to be used in marine transports, and mainly for the boats fittings such as a winch for example. [on SciFinder(R)

Aberrant Cyclization Affords a C-6 Modified Cyclic Adenosine 5′-Diphosphoribose Analogue with Biological Activity in Jurkat T Cells

*S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: Two nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) analogues modified at the 6 position of the purine ring were synthesized, and their substrate properties toward Aplysia californica ADP-ribosyl cyclase were investigated. 6-N-Methyl NAD + (6-N-methyl nicotinamide adenosine 5′-dinucleotide 10) hydrolyzes to give the linear 6-N-methyl ADPR (adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose, 11), whereas 6-thio NHD + (nicotinamide 6-mercaptopurine 5′-dinucleotide, 17) generates a cyclic dinucleotide. Surprisingly, NMR correlation spectra confirm this compound to be the N1 cyclic product 6-thio N1-cIDPR (6-thio cyclic inosine 5′-diphosphoribose, 3), although the corresponding 6-oxo analogue is well-known to cyclize at N7. In Jurkat T cells, unlike the parent cyclic inosine 5′-diphosphoribose N1-cIDPR 2, 6-thio N1-cIDPR antagonizes both cADPR- and N1cIDPR-induced Ca 2+ release but possesses weak agonist activity at higher concentration. 3 is thus identified as the first C-6 modified cADPR (cyclic adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose) analogue antagonist; it represents the first example of a fluorescent N1cyclized cADPR analogue and is a new pharmacological tool for intervention in the cADPR pathway of cellular signaling

Rotavirus Rearranged Genomic RNA Segments Are Preferentially Packaged into Viruses Despite Not Conferring Selective Growth Advantage to Viruses

The rotavirus (RV) genome consists of 11 double-stranded RNA segments. Sometimes, partial sequence duplication of an RNA segment leads to a rearranged RNA segment. To specify the impact of rearrangement, the replication efficiencies of human RV with rearranged segments 7, 11 or both were compared to these of the homologous human wild-type RV (wt-RV) and of the bovine wt-RV strain RF. As judged by viral growth curves, rotaviruses with a rearranged genome (r-RV) had no selective growth advantage over the homologous wt-RV. In contrast, r-RV were selected over wt-RV during competitive experiments (i.e mixed infections between r-RV and wt-RV followed by serial passages in cell culture). Moreover, when competitive experiments were performed between a human r-RV and the bovine wt-RV strain RF, which had a clear growth advantage, rearranged segments 7, 11 or both always segregated in viral progenies even when performing mixed infections at an MOI ratio of 1 r-RV to 100 wt-RV. Lastly, bovine reassortant viruses that had inherited a rearranged segment 7 from human r-RV were generated. Although substitution of wt by rearranged segment 7 did not result in any growth advantage, the rearranged segment was selected in the viral progenies resulting from mixed infections by bovine reassortant r-RV and wt-RV, even for an MOI ratio of 1 r-RV to 107 wt-RV. Lack of selective growth advantage of r-RV over wt-RV in cell culture suggests a mechanism of preferential packaging of the rearranged segments over their standard counterparts in the viral progeny

The streamlined genome of Phytomonas spp. relative to human pathogenic kinetoplastids reveals a parasite tailored for plants

Members of the family Trypanosomatidae infect many organisms, including animals, plants and humans. Plant-infecting trypanosomes are grouped under the single genus Phytomonas, failing to reflect the wide biological and pathological diversity of these protists. While some Phytomonas spp. multiply in the latex of plants, or in fruit or seeds without apparent pathogenicity, others colonize the phloem sap and afflict plants of substantial economic value, including the coffee tree, coconut and oil palms. Plant trypanosomes have not been studied extensively at the genome level, a major gap in understanding and controlling pathogenesis. We describe the genome sequences of two plant trypanosomatids, one pathogenic isolate from a Guianan coconut and one non-symptomatic isolate from Euphorbia collected in France. Although these parasites have extremely distinct pathogenic impacts, very few genes are unique to either, with the vast majority of genes shared by both isolates. Significantly, both Phytomonas spp. genomes consist essentially of single copy genes for the bulk of their metabolic enzymes, whereas other trypanosomatids e.g. Leishmania and Trypanosoma possess multiple paralogous genes or families. Indeed, comparison with other trypanosomatid genomes revealed a highly streamlined genome, encoding for a minimized metabolic system while conserving the major pathways, and with retention of a full complement of endomembrane organelles, but with no evidence for functional complexity. Identification of the metabolic genes of Phytomonas provides opportunities for establishing in vitro culturing of these fastidious parasites and new tools for the control of agricultural plant disease. © 2014 Porcel et al

Étude par RMN de l’autoassociation et de la complexation du pyrrole

Nous avons étudié par RMN l’autoassociation du pyrrole et sa complexation par différents solvants basiques. Il semble que l’interprétation quantitative des résultats, concernant l'autoassociation, nécessite de faire intervenir un effet de solvant complexe en raison de la variation, avec la dilution, des proportions relatives des différents types de polymères aromatiques présents dans la solution.Un modèle simple, impliquant la formation d’un complexe AB, permet de rendre compte des résultats relatifs au système pyrrole-acétone, compte tenu d’un effet de solvant linéaire en fonction de la fraction volumique d’acétone.Dans le cas de solvant complexant plus basique, tel que le DMSO, le même modèle permet une comparaison intéressante des résultats. Néanmoins, il semble qu’un modèle plus élaboré, permettant de tenir compte d’équilibres compétitifs et d’un effet de solvant, soit nécessaire pour obtenir une très bonne précision lors de l’interprétation des résultats.Enfin une étude comparative du pyrrole et du N-méthyl pyrrole a permis de déterminer la répercussion de la formation d’un complexe sur le déplacement chimique des protons du cycle

Mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of some titanium alloys in marine environment

Titanium alloys are used in several fields such as aerospace industry or biomedical. They are increasingly used in marine applications, a highly corrosive environment. We chose titanium alloys for their good properties such as high mechanical strength, low density and excellent corrosion resistance. This study is focused on titanium alloys potentially interesting to be used in marine transports, and mainly for the boats fittings such as a winch for example