Synthesis and photovoltaic effect study for fullerene complexe C60Pd(Ph2PCH2PPh2)

Fulerene complexe C-60 Pd (Ph2PCH2PPh2) was perpared by the method of ligand substitution via the reaction of C-60 with Pd(Ph2PCH2PPh2)(2) under condition of a nitrogen atmosphere and refluxing, and the title compound was appraised and characterized by methods of elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-vis, XPS and XRD. The results showed that the structure of purposeful product was that the Ph2PCH2PPh2 took up two coordination sites of the central metal, and C-60 took up another two sites in sigma-pi feeback pattern. The porperties on photoelectricity, redox and thermostability of the tide complexe were studied. The results of studying on photoclectricity showed that the photovoltaic effect of (n + n) heterojunction electrode formed by C60Pd(Ph2PCH2PPh2)/GaAs was supper, especially in the BQ/H(2)Q redox couple, and the greatest value of photovoltaic potential was up to 174 mV. The photovoltaic performance of C60Pd (Ph2PCH2PPh2)/GaAs electrode at 1 mum for thickness of C60Pd(Ph2PCH2PPh2) film was the best

Evaluating rural participation in wetland management: a contingent valuation analysis of the set-aside policy in Iran

Growing conditions of water scarcity and population growth necessitate measures for improvedwater availability to meet agricultural, industrial, and domestic and consumer water demands;generating new environmental pressures on wetlands and other aquatic ecosystems. In Iran, the“set-aside program” incentivizes farmer participation in wetland conservation throughmandated land management practices, making them key stakeholders in environmentalconservation action. This study explores attitudes to participation in the set-aside wetlandconservation program to revive the Jazmurian wetland in Iran, using a random sample of 226farmer-stakeholder respondents. Farmers were surveyed to investigate economic and socialparticipation using a willingness to accept (WTA) and willingness to pay (in money per ha)(WTP) model. Results show strong (45%) respondent opposition to wetland conservationparticipation. On the basis of their WTA, the amount of compensation offered by the villagerswas significantly affected by “the cultivated area”, “gender”, “education”, “family size”,“residency”, “income”, “moralism”, and “Inverse Mills Ratio index” factors. Also, “thecultivated area”, “age”, “education”, “marital status”, “family size”, and “income” were foundto be significantly affecting their WTP. We argue firstly, that policies to improve wetlandconservation must join together infrastructure and agricultural development planning – suchthat dam projects, agricultural and water conservation planning are better integrated acrosswetland catchments. Secondly, that wetland conservation participation will be improvedthrough land consolidation agreements for small-holders, and through incomes stabilisation,capacity building, social learning and awareness-raising initiatives for farmers towardssustainable agricultural practices

Newest Measurements of Hubble Constant from DESI 2024 Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Observations

In this Letter, we use the latest results from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey to measure the Hubble constant. Baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) observations released by the DESI survey, allow us to determine H _0 from the first principles. Our method is purely data-driven and relies on unanchored luminosity distances reconstructed from Type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) data and H ( z ) reconstruction from cosmic chronometers. Thus, it circumvents calibrations related to the value of the sound horizon size at the baryon drag epoch or intrinsic luminosity of SN Ia. We find ${H}_{0}=68.{4}_{-0.8}^{+1.0}\,\,{\rm{km}}\,{{\rm{s}}}^{-1}\,{{\rm{Mpc}}}^{-1}$ at a 68% confidence level, which provides the Hubble constant at an accuracy of 1.3% with minimal assumptions. Our assessments of this fundamental cosmological quantity using the BAO data spanning the redshift range z  = 0.51–2.33 agree very well with Planck's results and TRGB results within 1 σ . This result is still in a 4.3 σ tension with the results of the Supernova H0 for the Equation of State

Photoelectric Property for Zinc Phthalocyanine of Doping C_(60) on InP Electrode

Ｃ＿（６０）球烯是具有高度对称性的全碳原子簇，它既是电子受体，又是电子给体，表现出特有的光物理与光化学性能￣［１，２］．近十多年来众多的研究者对具有电子给体和电子受体的共轭π电子体系化合物在光照下的行为进行了深入研究￣［３］，认为用它作为有机光电子功能材料具有十分广阔的前景。随着人们对球烯研究的不断深入，尤其是宏观量球烯的合成与分离已日趋完善，以球烯为基础的有机光电材料必将越来越受到重视．金属酞青化合物由于拥有众多π电子的共轭体系，具有良好的光敏、半导体等性能，是较好的有机光电材料￣［４．５］．但在可见光区，其光敏性仍不够强，本文以ＺｎＰｃ掺杂Ｃ＿（６０）探索其光电性能，以期提高其光敏性．同类研究尚未见文献报道．The curves of spectral and photovoltaic responses to zinc phthalocyanine of dopingC_(60) were determinted.The photovoltaic property for zinc phthalocyanine of doping C_(60) wereinvestigated on the InP single crystal in the photoelectrochemical cell.The results have shown that:1)The photovoltaic effect and the in tensit ies of the spectral response and of the photovoltaic responsefor ZnPc of doping C_(60) were greater than those of ZnPc;2)had better redox couple in the cells.作者联系地址：厦门大学化学系Author's Address: Dept.of Chem.,Xiamen University,Xiamen 36100

Synthesis and photoelectric property for the fullerene complex C60Pd(Ph2PCH2CH2CH2CH2PPh2)

Fullerene complexe C60Pd(Ph2PCH2CH2CH2CH2PPh2) was prepared by replacement reaction in inert atmosphere and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, electronic spectroscopy, XPS and XRD. At the same time, the properties on redox and thermostability of the product were studied. The photoltaic effect of C60Pd (Ph2PCH2CH2CH2CH2PPh2) complex on GaAs electrode formation n+n heterojunction in photoelectrochemical cell H H I was investigated. The results show that the photoelectric property of CPd(Ph2PCH2C2CH2C2PPh2) is excellent, especially in the BQ/H(2)Q redox couple mediator. The photovoltaic property of C60Pd(Ph2PCH2CH2CH2PPh2)GaAs electrode at 1 mu m for thickness of C60Pd(Ph2PCH2CH2CH2CH2PPh2) is the best, the photopotential value is up to 212 mV

Enhancing the Local Search Ability of the Brain Storm Optimization Algorithm by Covariance Matrix Adaptation

Recently, the Brain Storm Optimization (BSO) algorithm has attracted many researchers and practitioners attention from the evolutionary computation community. However, like many other population based algorithms, BSO shows good performance at global exploration but not good enough at local exploitation. To alleviate this issue, in this chapter, the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) is utilized in the Global-best BSO (GBSO), with the aim to combine the exploration ability of BSO and local ability of CMA-ES and to design an improved version of BSO. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested by solving 28 classical optimization problems and the proposed algorithm is shown to perform better than GBSO.</p