Capacity sharing strategy with sustainable revenue-sharing contracts

This paper develops a duopoly model to analyse capacity sharing strategy and the optimal revenue-sharing contract under a two-part tariff and examines the effects of capacity sharing, cost, and sharing charges in three scenarios. The paper uses the two-part tariff method and adds a more realistic assumption of incremental marginal costs to improve the research on capacity sharing strategies. The results show that capacity constraints affect the sustainable development of firms. A sustainable revenue-sharing contract can create a win-win situation for both firms and promote capacity sharing. Capacity sharing, cost, and the revenue-sharing rate have different impacts in different scenarios; the optimal revenue-sharing rate and fixed fee can be determined to maximise the profits of firms that share capacity. However, capacity sharing may not improve social welfare. First published online 28 December 202

Personal history of non-melanoma skin cancer diagnosis and death from melanoma in women

Melanoma incidence is increasing. We evaluated risk of melanoma death after diagnosis of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). We followed 77,288 female American nurses from the Nurses’ Health Study from 1986 to 2012. We used Cox proportional hazards models to determine the hazard ratio (HR) of lethal and non-lethal melanoma diagnosis and melanoma death, according to personal NMSC history. Among melanoma cases, we examined the HR of melanoma death and the odds ratio (OR) of melanoma with a Breslow thickness ≥0.8 mm or Clark's levels of IV and V according to history of NMSC. We documented 930 melanoma cases without NMSC history and 615 melanoma cases with NMSC history over 1.8 million person-years. The multivariate-adjusted HR (95% confidence interval) of melanoma death associated with personal history of NMSC was 2.89 (1.85–4.50). Women with history of NMSC were more likely to develop non-lethal melanoma than lethal melanoma (HR (95% CI): 2.31 (2.05–2.60) vs. 1.74 (1.05–2.87)). Among melanoma cases, women with history of NMSC had a non-significant decreased risk of melanoma deaths (0.87 (0.55–1.37)), Breslow thickness ≥0.8 mm (0.85 (0.59–1.21)) and Clark's levels IV and V (0.81(0.52–1.24)). Women with NMSC history were less likely to be diagnosed with a lethal melanoma than a non-lethal melanoma, but overall rate of melanoma diagnosis was increased in both subtypes, leading to the increased risk of melanoma death. Our findings suggest the continued need for dermatologic screening for patients after NMSC diagnosis, given increased melanoma risk. Early detection among NMSC patients may decrease deaths from melanoma

Government regulation of emergency supplies under the epidemic crisis

This paper constructs a multi-oligopoly model of emergency supplies and analyses the market equilibrium results under normal conditions and epidemic conditions. The impacts of the degree of change in market demand, externalities, the material cost of emergency supplies and government regulation on the equilibrium results, especially on the prices of emergency supplies, are discussed. The results show that an increase in material cost will lead to low output and social welfare and a high price, under either normal conditions or epidemic conditions. Moreover, under epidemic conditions, the degree of change in market demand, externalities, material cost and the presence and mode of government regulation all have multiple and complex influences on the equilibrium results. Under epidemic conditions, both government output and price regulation can increase the supply of emergency supplies. In addition, when market demand changes drastically, consumer surplus and social welfare can be enhanced by the implementation of regulations. Particularly, price regulation is more effective when there is a high material cost

Privatisation policy with different oligopolistic competition in the public utilities market

This study constructs an oligopoly model in public utilities sector to explore the optimal privatisation policy and the factors affecting equilibrium outcomes and explores the optimal proportion of state-owned shares. We also offer empirical evidence of China’s public utilities from 1985 to 2019 to prove the applicability of model results. The results show that, depending on product differentiation, cost variance, technical level, nationalisation, partial or full privatisation can be optimal. Improving capital efficiency increases social welfare in Model PP, but not in Model PS. Product differentiation improves social welfare at the expense of profits in SS model. In Model PM, technical improvements boost private enterprise profits but induce a decrement in social welfare. A high proportion of state-owned shares fail to improve social welfare in Model SM. In a word, the value range of parameters and competition modes in public utilities sector affect market players’ welfare distribution, which identifies with the empirical analysis of China’s public utilities development